r:Terceiro Direito — v-a · studio

When he was set down on the Judgment seat, his wife sent unto him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man; for I have suffered many things this day in a dream, because of him. To dream that you are abandoned, denotes that you will have difficulty in framing your plans for future success. To abandon others, you will see unhappy conditions piled thick around you, leaving little hope of surmounting them. If it is your house that you abandon, you will soon come to grief in experimenting with fortune. If you abandon your sweetheart, you will fail to recover lost valuables, and friends will turn aside from your favors. If you abandon a mistress, you will unexpectedly come into a goodly inheritance. If it is religion you abandon, you will come to grief by your attacks on prominent people. To abandon children, denotes that you will lose your fortune by lack of calmness and judgment. To abandon your business, indicates distressing circumstances in which there will be quarrels and suspicion. This dream may have a literal fulfilment if it is impressed on your waking mind, whether you abandon a person, or that person abandons you, or, as indicated, it denotes other worries. To see yourself or friend abandon a ship, suggests your possible entanglement in some business failure, but if you escape to shore your interests will remain secure. To see an abbey in ruins, foretells that your hopes and schemes will fall into ignoble incompletion. To dream that a priest bars your entrance into an abbey, denotes that you will be saved from a ruinous state by enemies mistaking your embarrassment for progress. For a young woman to get into an abbey, foretells her violent illness. If she converses with a priest in an abbey, she will incur the censure of true friends for indiscretion. For a young woman to dream that she sees an abbess, denotes that she will be compelled to perform distasteful tasks, and will submit to authority only after unsuccessful rebellion. To dream of an abbess smiling and benignant, denotes you will be surrounded by true friends and pleasing prospects. To dream that you are an abbot, warns you that treacherous plots are being laid for your downfall. If you see this pious man in devotional exercises, it forewarns you of smooth flattery and deceit pulling you a willing victim into the meshes of artful bewilderment. For a young woman to talk with an abbot, portends that she will yield to insinuating flatteries, and in yielding she will besmirch her reputation. If she marries one, she will uphold her name and honor despite poverty and temptation. See similar words in connection with churches, priests, etc. To see your abdomen in a dream, foretells that you will have great expectations, but you must curb hardheadedness and redouble your energies on your labor, as pleasure is approaching to your hurt. To see your abdomen shriveled, foretells that you will be persecuted and defied by false friends. To see it swollen, you will have tribulations, but you will overcome them and enjoy the fruits of your labor. To see blood oozing from the abdomen, foretells an accident or tragedy in your family. The abdomen of children in an unhealthy state, portends that contagion will pursue you. To dream that you abhor a person, denotes that you will entertain strange dislike for some person, and your suspicion of his honesty will prove correct. To think yourself held in abhorrence by others, predicts that your good intentions to others will subside into selfishness. For a young woman to dream that her lover abhors her, foretells that she will love a man who is in no sense congenial. To dream that you are abject, denotes that you will be the recipient of gloomy tidings, which will cause a relaxation in your strenuous efforts to climb the heights of prosperity. To see others abject, is a sign of bickerings and false dealings among your friends. To dream that you cant find your abode, you will completely lose faith in the integrity of others. If you have no abode in your dreams, you will be unfortunate in your affairs, and lose by speculation. To change your abode, signifies hurried tidings and that hasty journeys will be made by you. For a young woman to dream that she has left her abode, is significant of slander and falsehoods being perpetrated against her. For a woman to dream that she assents to abortion being committed on her, is a warning that she is contemplating some enterprise which if carried out will steep her in disgrace and unhappiness. For a doctor to dream that he is a party to an abortion, foretells that his practice will suffer from his inattention to duty, which will cause much trouble. To see anything hanging above you, and about to fall, implies danger; if it falls upon you it may be ruin or sudden disappointment. If it falls near, but misses you, it is a sign that you will have a narrow escape from loss of money, or other misfortunes may follow. Should it be securely fixed above you, so as not to imply danger, your condition will improve after threatened loss. To dream that you are abroad, or going abroad, foretells that you will soon, in company with a party, make a pleasant trip, and you will find it necessary to absent yourself from your native country for a sojourn in a different climate. To dream of Absalom, is significant of distressing incidents. You may unconsciously fall a victim to error, and penetrate some well beloved heart with keen anguish and pain over the committal of immoral actions and the outraging of innocence. No flower of purity will ever be too sacred for you to breathe a passionate breath upon. To dream of this, or any other disobedient character, is a warning against immoral tendencies. A father is warned by this dream to be careful of his children. To grieve over the absence of any one in your dreams, denotes that repentance for some hasty action will be the means of securing you life-long friendships. If you rejoice over the absence of friends, it denotes that you will soon be well rid of an enemy. To dream that you have an abscess which seems to have reached a chronic stage, you will be overwhelmed with misfortune of your own; at the same time your deepest sympathies will be enlisted for the sorrows of others. To come under the influence of absinthe in dreams, denotes that you will lead a merry and foolish pace with innocent companions, and waste your inheritance in prodigal lavishness on the siren, selfish fancy. For a young woman to dream that she drinks absinthe with her lover warns her to resist his persuasions to illicit consummation of their love. If she dreams she is drunk, she will yield up her favors without strong persuasion. This dream typifies that you are likely to waste your energies in pleasure. To dream that you are possessed with an abundance; foretells that you will have no occasion to reproach Fortune, and that you will be independent of her future favors; but your domestic happiness may suffer a collapse under the strain you are likely to put upon it by your infidelity. To dream of abusing a person, means that you will be unfortunate in your affairs, losing good money through over-bearing persistency in business relations with others. To feel yourself abused, you will be molested in your daily pursuits by the enmity of others. For a young woman to dream that she hears abusive language, foretells that she will fall under the ban of some persons jealousy and envy. If she uses the language herself, she will meet with unexpected rebuffs, that may fill her with mortification and remorse for her past unworthy conduct toward friends. To dream of looking into an abyss, means that you will be confronted by threats of seizure of property, and that there will be quarrels and reproaches of a personal nature which will unfit you to meet the problems of life. For a woman to be looking into an abyss, foretells that she will burden herself with unwelcome cares. If she falls into the abyss her disappointment will be complete; but if she succeeds in crossing, or avoiding it, she will reinstate herself. To visit an academy in your dreams, denotes that you will regret opportunities that you have let pass through sheer idleness and indifference. To think you own, or are an inmate of one, you will find that you are to meet easy defeat of aspirations. You will take on knowledge, but be unable to rightly assimilate and apply it. For a young woman or any person to return to an academy after having finished there, signifies that demands will be made which the dreamer may find himself or her self unable to meet. For a business man to dream that his proposition has been accepted, foretells that he will succeed in making a trade, which heretofore looked as if it would prove a failure. For a lover to dream that he has been accepted by his sweetheart, denotes that he will happily wed the object of his own and others admiration. If this dream has been occasioned by overanxiety and weakness, the contrary may be expected. The elementary influences often play pranks upon weak and credulous minds by lying, and deceptive utterances. Therefore the dreamer should live a pure life, fortified by a strong will, thus controlling his destiny by expelling from it involuntary intrusions. To dream of an accident is a warning to avoid any mode of travel for a short period, as you are threatened with loss of life. For an accident to befall stock, denotes that you will struggle with all your might to gain some object and then see some friend lose property of the same value in aiding your cause. To dream of hearing the music of an accordion, denotes that you will engage in amusement which will win you from sadness and retrospection. You will by this means be enabled to take up your burden more cheerfully. For a young woman to dream that she is playing an accordion, portends that she will win her lover by some sad occurrence; but, notwithstanding which, the same will confer lasting happiness upon her union. If the accordion gets out of tune, she will be saddened by the illness or trouble of her lover. To dream of having accounts presented to you for payment, you will be in a dangerous position. You may have recourse to law to disentangle yourself. If you pay the accounts, you will soon effect a compromise in some serious dispute. To hold accounts against others, foretells that disagreeable contingencies will arise in your business, marring the smoothness of its management. For a young woman book-keeper to dream of footing up accounts, denotes that she will have trouble in business, and in her love affairs; but some worthy person will persuade her to account for his happiness. She will be much respected by her present employers. To dream that you accuse any one of a mean action, denotes that you will have quarrels with those under you, and your dignity will be thrown from a high pedestal. If you are accused, you are in danger of being guilty of distributing scandal in a sly and malicious way. To dream that you have aches, denotes that you are halting too much in your business, and that some other person is profiting by your ideas. For a young woman to dream that she has the heartache, foretells that she will be in sore distress over the laggardly way her lover prosecutes his suit. If it is the backache, she will encounter illness through careless exposure. If she has the headache, there will be much disquietude of mind for the risk she has taken to rid herself of rivalry. This dream is usually due to physical causes and is of little significance. To drink any acid is an adverse dream, bringing you much anxiety. For a woman to drink aciduous liquors, denotes that she may ensnare herself with compromising situations; even health may be involved. To see poisonous acids, some treachery against you may be discovered. Seeing acorns in dreams, is portent of pleasant things ahead, and much gain is to be expected. To pick them from the ground, foretells success after weary labors. For a woman to eat them, denotes that she will rise from a station of labor to a position of ease and pleasure. To shake them from the trees, denotes that you will rapidly attain your wishes in business or love. To see green-growing acorns, or to see them scattered over the ground, affairs will change for the better. Decayed or blasted acorns have import of disappointments and reverses. To pull them green from the trees, you will injure your interests by haste and indiscretion. To meet an acquaintance, and converse pleasantly with him, foretells that your business will run smoothly, and there will be but little discord in your domestic affairs. If you seem to be disputing, or engaged in loud talk, humiliations and embarrassments will whirl seethingly around you. If you feel ashamed of meeting an acquaintance, or meet him at an inopportune time, it denotes that you will be guilty of illicitly conducting yourself, and other parties will let the secret out. For a young woman to think that she has an extensive acquaintance, signifies that she will be the possessor of vast interests, and her love will be worthy the winning. If her circle of acquaintances is small, she will be unlucky in gaining social favors. After dreaming of acquaintances, you may see or hear from them. Acquit. To dream that you are acquitted of a crime, denotes that you are about to come into possession of valuable property, but there is danger of a law suit before obtaining possession. To see others acquitted, foretells that your friends will add pleasure to your labors. Acrobat. To dream of seeing acrobats, denotes that you will be prevented from carrying out hazardous schemes by the foolish fears of others. To see yourself acrobating, you will have a sensation to answer for, and your existence will be made almost unendurable by the guying of your enemies. To see women acrobating, denotes that your name will be maliciously and slanderously handled. Also your business interests will be hindered. For a young woman to dream that she sees acrobats in tights, signifies that she will court favor of men. Actor and Actress. To see in your dreams an actress, denotes that your present state will be one of unbroken pleasure and favor. To see one in distress, you will gladly contribute your means and influence to raise a friend from misfortune and indebtedness. If you think yourself one, you will have to work for subsistence, but your labors will be pleasantly attended. If you dream of being in love with one, your inclination and talent will be allied with pleasure and opposed to downright toil. To see a dead actor, or actress, your good luck will be overwhelmed in violent and insubordinate misery. To see them wandering and penniless, foretells that your affairs will undergo a change from promise to threatenings of failure. To those enjoying domestic comforts, it is a warning of revolution and faithless vows. For a young woman to dream that she is engaged to an actor, or about to marry one, foretells that her fancy will bring remorse after the glamor of pleasure has vanished. If a man dreams that he is sporting with an actress, it foretells that private broils with his wife, or sweetheart, will make him more misery than enjoyment. Adam and Eve. To dream of Adam and Eve, foretells that some eventful occasion will rob you of the hope of success in your affairs. To see them in the garden, Adam dressed in his fig leaf, but Eve perfectly nude save for an Oriental colored serpent ornamenting her waist and abdomen, signifies that treachery and ill faith will combine to overthrow your fortune. To see or hear Eve conversing with the serpent, foretells that artful women will reduce you to the loss of fortune and reputation. Adamant. To dream of adamant, denotes that you will be troubled and defeated in some desire that you held as your life. Adder. To dream of seeing an adder strike, and a friend, who is dead but seems to be lying down and breathing, rises partly to a sitting position when the adder strikes at him, and then both disappearing into some bushes nearby, denotes that you will be greatly distressed over the ill luck of friends, and a loss threatened to yourself. For a young woman to see an adder, foretells a deceitful person is going to cause her trouble. If it runs from her, she will be able to defend her character in attacks made on her. Addition. To dream of pondering over addition, denotes that you will have a struggle to overcome difficult situations, which will soon prominently assume formidable shapes in your business transactions. To find some error in addition, shows that you will be able to overcome enemies by fortunately discerning their intention before they have executed their design. To add figures with a machine, foretells that you will have a powerful ally who will save you from much oppression. If you fail to read the figures, you will lose fortune by blind speculation. Adieu. To dream of bidding cheerful adieus to people, denotes that you will make pleasant visits and enjoy much social festivity; but if they are made in a sad or doleful strain, you will endure loss and bereaving sorrow. If you bid adieu to home and country, you will travel in the nature of an exile from fortune and love. To throw kisses of adieu to loved ones, or children, foretells that you will soon have a journey to make, but there will be no unpleasant accidents or happenings attending your trip. Admire. To dream that you are an object of admiration, denotes that you will retain the love of former associates, though your position will take you above their circle. Admonish. To admonish your child, or son, or some young person, denotes that your generous principles will keep you in favor, and fortune will be added to your gifts. Adopted. To see your adopted child, or parent, in your dreams, indicates that you will amass fortune through the schemes and speculations of strangers. To dream that you or others are adopting a child, you will make an unfortunate change in your abode. Adultery. To dream that you commit adultery, foretells that you will be arrainged{sic} for some illegal action. If a woman has this dream, she will fail to hold her husbands affections, letting her temper and spite overwhelm her at the least provocation. If it is with her husbands friend, she will be unjustly ignored by her husband. Her rights will be cruelly trampled upon by him. If she thinks she is enticing a youth into this act, she will be in danger of desertion and divorced for her open intriguing. For a young woman this implies abasement and low desires, in which she will find strange adventures afford her pleasure. It is always good to dream that you have successfully resisted any temptation. To yield, is bad. If a man chooses low ideals, vampirish influences will swarm around him ready to help him in his nefarious designs. Such dreams may only be the result of depraved elementary influences. If a man chooses high ideals, he will be illuminated by the deific principle within him, and will be exempt from lascivious dreams. The man who denies the existence and power of evil spirits has no arcana or occult knowledge. Did not the black magicians of Pharaohs time, and Simon Magnus, the Sorcerer, rival the men of God? The dreamer of amorous sweets is warned to beware of scandal. Adulation. To dream that you seek adulation, foretells that you will pompously fill unmerited positions of honor. If you offer adulation, you will expressly part with some dear belonging in the hope of furthering material interests. Advancement. To dream of advancing in any engagement, denotes your rapid ascendency to preferment and to the consummation of affairs of the heart. To see others advancing, foretells that friends will hold positions of favor near you. Adversary. To dream that you meet or engage with an adversary, denotes that you will promptly defend any attacks on your interest. Sickness may also threaten you after this dream. If you overcome an adversary, you will escape the effect of some serious disaster. See Enemies. Adventurer. To dream that you are victimized by an adventurer, proves that you will be an easy prey for flatterers and designing villains. You will be unfortunate in manipulating your affairs to a smooth consistency. For a young woman to think she is an adventuress, portends that she will be too wrapped up in her own conduct to see that she is being flattered into exchanging her favors for disgrace. Adversity. To dream that you are in the clutches of adversity, denotes that you will have failures and continued bad prospects. To see others in adversity, portends gloomy surroundings, and the illness of some one will produce grave fears of the successful working of plans. The old dream books give this as a sign of coming prosperity. This definition is untrue. There are two forces at work in man, one from within and the other from without. They are from two distinct spheres; the animal mind influenced by the personal world of carnal appetites, and the spiritual mind from the realm of universal Brotherhood, present antagonistic motives on the dream consciousness. If these two forces were in harmony, the spirit or mental picture from the dream mind would find a literal fulfilment in the life of the dreamer. The pleasurable sensations of the body cause the spirit anguish. The selfish enrichment of the body impoverishes the spirit influence upon the Soul. The trials of adversity often cause the spirit to rejoice and the flesh to weep. If the cry of the grieved spirit is left on the dream mind it may indicate to the dreamer worldly advancement, but it is hardly the theory of the occult forces, which have contributed to the contents of this book. Advertisement. To dream that you are getting out advertisements, denotes that you will have to resort to physical labor to promote your interest, or establish your fortune. To read advertisements, denotes that enemies will overtake you, and defeat you in rivalry. Advice. To dream that you receive advice, denotes that you will be enabled to raise your standard of integrity, and strive by honest means to reach independent competency and moral altitude. To dream that you seek legal advice, foretells that there will be some transactions in your affairs which will create doubt of their merits and legality. Advocate. To dream that you advocate any cause, denotes that you will be faithful to your interests, and endeavor to deal honestly with the public, as your interests affect it, and be loyal to your promises to friends. Afraid. To feel that you are afraid to proceed with some affair, or continue a journey, denotes that you will find trouble in your household, and enterprises will be unsuccessful. To see others afraid, denotes that some friend will be deterred from performing some favor for you because of his own difficulties. For a young woman to dream that she is afraid of a dog, there will be a possibility of her doubting a true friend. Africa. To dream that you are in Africa surrounded by Cannibals, foretells that you will be oppressed by enemies and quarrelsome persons. For a woman to dream of African scenes, denotes she will make journeys which will prove lonesome and devoid of pleasure or profit. Afternoon. For a woman to dream of an afternoon, denotes she will form friendships which will be lasting and entertaining. A cloudy, rainy afternoon, implies disappointment and displeasure. Affliction. To dream that affliction lays a heavy hand upon you and calls your energy to a halt, foretells that some disaster is surely approaching you. To see others afflicted, foretells that you will be surrounded by many ills and misfortunes. Affrighted. To dream that you are affrighted, foretells that you will sustain an injury through an accident. See Agony. {unable to tie this note to the text???} To see others affrighted, brings you close to misery and distressing scenes. Dreams of this nature are frequently caused by nervous and feverish conditions, either from malaria or excitement. When such is the case, the dreamer is warned to take immediate steps to remove the cause. Such dreams or reveries only occur when sleep is disturbed. Affront. This is a bad dream. The dreamer is sure to shed tears and weep. For a young woman to dream that she is affronted, denotes that some unfriendly person will take advantage of her ignorance to place her in a compromising situation with a stranger, or to jeopardize her interests with a friend. Affluence. To dream that you are in affluence, foretells that you will make fortunate ventures, and will be pleasantly associated with people of wealth. To young women, a vision of weird and fairy affluence is ominous of illusive and evanescent pleasure. They should study more closely their duty to friends and parents. After dreams of this nature they are warned to cultivate a love for home life. See Wealth. Agate. To see agate in a dream, signifies a slight advancement in business affairs. Age. To dream of age, portends failures in any kind of undertaking. To dream of your own age, indicates that perversity of opinion will bring down upon you the indignation of relatives. For a young woman to dream of being accused of being older than she is, denotes that she will fall into bad companionship, and her denial of stated things will be brought to scorn. To see herself looking aged, intimates possible sickness, or unsatisfactory ventures. If it is her lover she sees aged, she will be in danger of losing him. Agony. This is not as good a dream, as some would wish you to believe. It portends worry and pleasure intermingled, more of the former than of the latter. To be in agony over the loss of money, or property, denotes that disturbing and imaginary fears will rack you over the critical condition of affairs, or the illness of some dear relative. See Weeping. Ague. A sickly condition of the dreamer is sometimes implied by this dream. To dream that you are shaking with an ague, signifies that you will suffer from some physical disorder, and that fluctuating opinions of your own affairs may bring you to the borders of prostration. To see others thus affected, denotes that you will offend people by your supreme indifference to the influences of others. Air. This dream denotes a withering state of things, and bodes no good to the dreamer. To dream of breathing hot air suggests that you will be influenced to evil by oppression. To feel cold air, denotes discrepancies in your business, and incompatibility in domestic relations. To feel oppressed with humidity, some curse will fall on you that will prostrate and close down on your optimistical views of the future. Alabaster. To dream of alabaster, foretells success in marriage and all legitimate affairs. To break an alabaster figure or vessel, denotes sorrow and repentence. For a young woman to lose an alabaster box containing incense, signifies that she will lose her lover or property through carelessness of her reputation. Alarm Bell. To hear a bell in your sleep, denotes that you will have cause for anxiety. Album. To dream of an album, denotes you will have success and true friends. For a young woman to dream of looking at photographs in an album, foretells that she will soon have a new lover who will be very agreeable to her. Ale-house. The dreamer of an ale-house should be very cautious of his affairs. Enemies are watching him. Alien. To dream of a stranger pleasing you, denotes good health and pleasant surroundings; if he displeases you, look for disappointments. To dream you are an alien, denotes abiding friendships. Alley. To dream of an alley, denotes your fortune will not be so pleasing or promising as formerly. Many vexing cares will present themselves to you. For a young woman to wander through an alley after dark, warns her of disreputable friendships and a stigma on her character. Alligator. To dream of an alligator, unless you kill it, is unfavorable to all persons connected with the dream. It is a dream of caution. Alloy. To dream of alloy, denotes your business will vex you in its complications. For a woman to dream of alloy, is significant of sorrow and trouble completely hiding pleasure. Almanac. To dream of an almanac, means variable fortunes and illusive pleasures. To be studying the signs, foretells that you will be harassed by small matters taking up your time. Almonds. This is a good omen. It has wealth in store. However, sorrow will go with it for a short while. If the almonds are defective, your disappointment in obtaining a certain wish will be complete until new conditions are brought about. Alms. Alms will bring evil if given or taken unwillingly. Otherwise, a good dream. Alms-house. For a young woman to dream of an alms-house, denotes she will meet failure in her efforts to contract a worldly marriage. Altar. To dream of seing{sic} a priest at the altar, denotes quarrels and unsatisfactory states in your business and home. To see a marriage, sorrow to friends, and death to old age. An altar would hardly be shown you in a dream, accept to warn you against the commission of error. Repentance is also implied. Alum. Alum seen in a dream, portends frustration of well laid plans. To taste alum, denotes secret remorse over some evil work by you upon some innocent person. For a woman to dream of quantities of alum, foretells disappointment in her marriage and loss of affection. Aluminum. To dream of aluminum, denotes contentment with any fortune, however small. For a woman to see her aluminum ornaments or vessels tarnished, foretells strange and unexpected sorrow, and loss will befall her. Amateur. To dream of seeing an amateur actor on the stage, denotes that you will see your hopes pleasantly and satisfactorily fulfilled. If they play a tragedy, evil will be disseminated through your happiness. If there is an indistinctness or distorted images in the dream, you are likely to meet with quick and decided defeat in some enterprise apart from your regular business. Ambush. To dream that your are atacked{sic} from ambush, denotes that you have lurking secretly near you a danger, which will soon set upon and overthrow you if you are heedless of warnings. If you lie in ambush to revenge yourself on others, you will unhesitatingly stoop to debasing actions to defraud your friends. America. High officials should be careful of State affairs, others will do well to look after their own person, for some trouble is at hand after this dream. Amethyst. Amethyst seen in a dream, represents contentment with fair business. For a young woman to lose an amethyst, fortells broken engagements and slights in love. Ammonia. Ammonia seen in a dream, means displeasure will be felt by the dreamer at the conduct of a friend. Quarrels and disruptions of friendships will follow this dream. For a young woman to see clear bottles of ammonia, foretells she will be deceived in the character and intentions of some person whom she considers friendly. Ammunition. To dream of ammunition, foretells the undertaking of some work, which promises fruitful completion. To dream your ammunition is exhausted, denotes fruitless struggles and endeavors. Amorous. To dream you are amorous, warns you against personal desires and pleasures, as they are threatening to engulf you in scandal. For a young woman it portends illicit engagements, unless she chooses staid and moral companions. For a married woman, it foreshadows discontent and desire for pleasure outside the home. To see others amorous, foretells that you will be persuaded to neglect your moral obligations. To see animals thus, denotes you will engage in degrading pleasures with fast men or women. Amputation. Ordinary amputation of limbs, denotes small offices lost; the loss of entire legs or arms, unusual depression in trade. To seamen, storm and loss of property. Afflicted persons should be warned to watchfulness after this dream. Anchor. To dream of an anchor is favorable to sailors, if seas are calm. To others it portends separation from friends, change of residence, and foreign travel. Sweethearts are soon to quarrel if either sees an anchor. Andirons. Andirons seen in a dream, denotes good will among friends, if the irons support burning logs; if they are in an empty fireplace, loss of property and death are signified. Anecdote. To dream of relating an anecdote, signifies that you will greatly prefer gay companionship to that of intellect, and that your affairs will prove as unstable as yourself. For a young woman to hear anecdotes related, denotes that she will be one of a merry party of pleasure-seekers. Angels. To dream of angels is prophetic of disturbing influences in the soul. It brings a changed condition of the persons lot. If the dream is unusually pleasing, you will hear of the health of friends, and receive a legacy from unknown relatives. If the dream comes as a token of warning, the dreamer may expect threats of scandal about love or money matters. To wicked people, it is a demand to repent; to good people it should be a consolation. Anger. To dream of anger, denotes that some awful trial awaits you. Disappointments in loved ones, and broken ties, of enemies may make new attacks upon your property or character. To dreams that friends or relatives are angry with you, while you meet their anger with composure, denotes you will mediate between opposing friends, and gain their lasting favor and gratitude. Angling. To dream of catching fish is good. If you fail to catch any, it will be bad for you. Annoy. This dream denotes that you have enemies who are at work against you. Annoyances experienced in dreams are apt to find speedy fulfilment in the trifling incidents of the following day. Antelope. Seeing antelopes in a dream, foretells your ambitions will be high, but may be realized by putting forth great energy. For a young woman to see an antelope miss its footing and fall from a height, denotes the love she aspires to will prove her undoing. Ants. The dreamer of ants should expect many petty annoyances during the day; chasing little worries, and finding general dissatisfaction in all things. Anvil. To see hot iron with sparks flying, is significant of a pleasing work; to the farmer, an abundant crop; favorable indeed to women. Cold, or small, favors may be expected from those in power. The means of success is in your power, but in order to obtain it you will have to labor under difficulty. If the anvil is broken, it foretells that you have, through your own neglect, thrown away promising opportunities that cannot be recalled. Anxiety. A dream of this kind is occasionally a good omen, denoting, after threatening states, success and rejuvenation of mind; but if the dreamer is anxious about some momentous affair, it indicates a disastrous combination of business and social states. Apes. This dream brings humiliation and disease to some dear friend. To see a small ape cling to a tree, warns the dreamer to beware; a false person is close to you and will cause unpleasantness in your circle. Deceit goes with this dream. Apparel. Dreams of apparel, denote that enterprises will be successes or failures, as the apparel seems to be whole and clean, or soiled and threadbare. To see fine apparel, but out of date, foretells that you will have fortune, but you will scorn progressive ideas. If you reject out-of-date apparel, you will outgrow present environments and enter into new relations, new enterprises and new loves, which will transform you into a different person. To see yourself or others appareled in white, denotes eventful changes, and you will nearly always find the change bearing sadness. To walk with a person wearing white, proclaims that persons illness or distress, unless it be a young woman or child, then you will have pleasing surroundings for a season at least. To see yourself, or others, dressed in black, portends quarrels, disappointments, and disagreeable companions; or, if it refers to business, the business will fall short of expectations. To see yellow apparel, foretells approaching gaieties and financial progress. Seen as a flitting spectre, in an unnatural light, the reverse may be expected. You will be fortunate if you dream of yellow cloth. To dream of blue apparel, signifies carrying forward to victory your aspirations, through energetic, insistent efforts. Friends will loyally support you. To dream of crimson apparel, foretells that you will escape formidable enemies by a timely change in your expressed intention. To see green apparel, is a hopeful sign of prosperity and happiness. To see many colored apparel, foretells swift changes, and intermingling of good and bad influences in your future. To dream of misfitting apparel, intimates crosses in your affections, and that you are likely to make a mistake in some enterprise. To see old or young in appropriate apparel, denotes that you will undertake some engagement for which you will have no liking, and which will give rise to many cares. For a woman to dream that she is displeased with her apparel, foretells that she will find many vexatious rivalries in her quest for social distinction. To admire the apparel of others, denotes that she will have jealous fears of her friends. To dream of the loss of any article of apparel, denotes disturbances in your business and love affairs. For a young woman to dream of being attired in a guazy black costume, foretells she will undergo chastening sorrow and disappointment. For a young woman to dream that she meets another attired in a crimson dress with a crepe mourning veil over her face, foretells she will be outrivaled by one she hardly considers her equal, and bitter disappointment will sour her against women generally. The dreamer interpreting the dream of apparel should be careful to note whether the objects are looking natural. If the faces are distorted and the light unearthly, though the colors are bright, beware; the miscarriage of some worthy plan will work you harm. There are few dreams in which the element of evil is wanting, as there are few enterprises in waking life from which the element of chance is obviated. See Clothes and Coat. Apparition. Take unusual care of all depending upon you. Calamity awaits you and yours. Both property and life are in danger. Young people should be decidedly upright in their communications with the opposite sex. Character is likely to be rated at a discount. Apples. This is a very good dream to the majority of people. To see red apples on trees with green foliage is exceedingly propitious to the dreamer. To eat them is not as good, unless they be faultless. A friend who interprets dreams says: Ripe apples on a tree, denotes that the time has arrived for you to realize your hopes; think over what you intend to do, and go fearlessly ahead. Ripe on the top of the tree, warns you not to aim too high. Apples on the ground imply that false friends, and flatterers are working you harm. Decayed apples typify hopeless efforts. Apprentice. To dream that you serve as an apprentice, foretells you will have a struggle to win a place among your companions Apricot. Dreams of seeing apricots growing, denote that the future, though seemingly rosy hued, holds masked bitterness and sorrow for you. To eat them signifies the near approach of calamitous influences. If others eat them, your surroundings will be unpleasant and disagreeable to your fancies. A friend says: Apricots denote that you have been wasting time over trifles or small things of no value. April. To dream of the month of April, signifies that much pleasure and profit will be your allotment. If the weather is miserable, it is a sign of passing ill luck. Apron. To dream of an apron, signifies a zigzag course, for a young woman. For a school girl to dream that her apron is loosened, or torn, implies bad lessons, and lectures in propriety from parents and teachers. Arch. An arch in a dream, denotes your rise to distinction and the gaining of wealth by persistent effort. To pass under one, foretells that many will seek you who formerly ignored your position. For a young woman to see a fallen arch, denotes the destruction of her hopes, and she will be miserable in her new situation. Archbishop. To dream of seeing an archbishop, foretells you will have many obstacles to resist in your attempt to master fortune or rise to public honor. To see one in the every day dress of a common citizen, denotes you will have aid and encouragement from those in prominent positions and will succeed in your enterprises. For a young woman to dream that an archbishop is kindly directing her, foretells she will be fortunate in forming her friendships. Architect. Architects drawing plans in your dreams, denotes a change in your business, which will be likely to result in loss to you. For a young woman to see an architect, foretells she will meet rebuffs in her aspirations and maneuvers to make a favorable marriage. Arm. To dream of seeing an arm amputated, means separation or divorce. Mutual dissatisfaction will occur between husband and wife. It is a dream of sinister import. Beware of deceitfulness and fraud. Aroma. For a young woman to dream of a sweet aroma, denotes she will soon be the recipient of some pleasure or present. Arrested. To see respectable-looking strangers arrested, foretells that you desire to make changes, and new speculations will be subordinated by the fear of failure. If they resist the officers, you will have great delight in pushing to completion the new enterprise. See Prisoner. Arrow. Pleasure follows this dream. Entertainments, festivals and pleasant journeys may be expected. Suffering will cease. An old or broken arrow, portends disappointments in love or business. Art Gallery. To visit an art gallery, portends unfortunate unions in domestic circles. You will struggle to put forth an appearance of happiness, but will secretly care for other associations. Ascend. If you reach the extreme point of ascent, or top of steps, without stumbling, it is good; otherwise, you will have obstacles to overcome before the good of the day is found. Asceticism. To dream of asceticism, denotes that you will cultivate strange principles and views, rendering yourself fascinating to strangers, but repulsive to friends. Ashes. Dreaming of ashes omens woe, and many bitter changes are sure to come to the dreamer. Blasted crops to the farmer. Unsuccessful deals for the trader. Parents will reap the sorrows of wayward children. Asia. To dream of visiting Asia is assurance of change, but no material benefits from fortune will follow. Asp. This is an unfortunate dream. Females may lose the respect of honorable and virtuous people. Deadly enemies are at work to defame character. Sweethearts will wrong each other. Asparagus. To dream of asparagus, signifies prosperous surroundings and obedience from servants and children. To eat it, denotes interrupted success. Ass. To see an ass in a dream, you will meet many annoyances, and delays will accrue in receiving news or goods. To see donkeys carrying burdens, denotes that, after patience and toil, you will succeed in your undertakings, whether of travel or love. If an ass pursues you, and you are afraid of it, you will be the victim of scandal or other displeasing reports. If you unwillingly ride on one, or, as jockey, unnecessary quarrels may follow. See Donkey. Assassin. If you are the one to receive the assassins blow, you will not surmount all your trials. To see another, with the assassin standing over him with blood stains, portends that misfortune will come to the dreamer. To see an assassin under any condition is a warning that losses may befall you through secret enemies. Assistance. Giving assistance to any one in a dream, foretells you will be favored in your efforts to rise to higher position. If any one assists you, you will be pleasantly situated, and loving friends will be near you. Asylum. To dream of an asylum, denotes sickness and unlucky dealings, which cannot be overcome without great mental struggle. Astral. Dreams of the astral, denote that your efforts and plans will culminate in worldly success and distinction. A spectre or picture of your astral self brings heart-rending tribulation. Atlas. To dream you are looking at an atlas, denotes that you will carefully study interests before making changes or journeys. Atonement. Means joyous communing with friends, and speculators need not fear any drop in stocks. Courting among the young will meet with happy consummation. The sacrifice or atonement of another for your waywardness, is portentous of the humiliation of self or friends through your open or secret disregard of duty. A woman after this dream is warned of approaching disappointment. Attic. To dream that you are in an attic, denotes that you are entertaining hopes which will fail of materialization. For a young woman to dream that she is sleeping in an attic, foretells that she will fail to find contentment in her present occupation. Attorney. To see an attorney at the bar, denotes that disputes of a serious nature will arise between parties interested in worldly things. Enemies are stealing upon you with false claims. If you see an attorney defending you, your friends will assist you in coming trouble, but they will cause you more worry than enemies. Auction. To dream of an auction in a general way, is good. If you hear the auctioneer crying his sales, it means bright prospects and fair treatment from business ventures. To dream of buying at an auction, signifies close deals to tradesmen, and good luck in live stock to the farmer. Plenty, to the housewife is the omen for women. If there is a feeling of regret about the dream, you are warned to be careful of your business affairs. August. To dream of the month of August, denotes unfortunate deals, and misunderstandings in love affairs. For a young woman to dream that she is going to be married in August, is an omen of sorrow in her early wedded life. Augur. To see augurs in your dreams, is a forecast of labor and toil. Aunt. For a young woman to dream of seeing her aunt, denotes she will receive sharp censure for some action, which will cause her much distress. If this relative appears smiling and happy, slight difference will soon give way to pleasure. Aura. To dream of discussing any subject relating to aura, denotes that you will reach states of mental unrest, and work to discover the power which influences you from within. Autumn. For a woman to dream of Autumn, denotes she will obtain property through the struggles of others. If she thinks of marrying in Autumn, she will be likely to contract a favorable marriage and possess a cheerful home. Automobile. To dream that you ride in an automobile, denotes that you will be restless under pleasant conditions, and will make a change in your affairs. There is grave danger of impolitic conduct intimated through a dream of this nature. If one breaks down with you, the enjoyment of a pleasure will not extend to the heights you contemplate. To find yourself escaping from the path of one, signifies that you will do well to avoid some rival as much as you can honestly allow. For a young woman to look for one, she will be disappointed in her aims to entice some one into her favor. Author. For an author to dream that his manuscript has been rejected by the publisher, denotes some doubt at first, but finally his work will be accepted as authentic and original. To dream of seeing an author over his work, perusing it with anxiety, denotes that you will be worried over some literary work either of your own or that of some other person. Awake. To dream that you are awake, denotes that you will experience strange happenings which will throw you into gloom. To pass through green, growing fields, and look upon landscape, in your dreams, and feel that it is an awaking experience, signifies that there is some good and brightness in store for you, but there will be disappointments intermingled between the present and that time. Axe. Seeing an axe in a dream, foretells that what enjoyment you may have will depend on your struggles and energy. To see others using an axe, foretells, your friends will be energetic and lively, making existence a pleasure when near them. For a young woman to see one, portends her lover will be worthy, but not possessed with much wealth. A broken or rusty axe, indicates illness and loss of money and property. B. God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, Behold, thou art but a dead man, for the woman thou hast taken; for she is a mans wife.Gen. xx., 3rd. Baby. To dream of crying babies, is indicative of ill health and disappointments. A bright, clean baby, denotes love requited, and many warm friends. Walking alone, it is a sure sign of independence and a total ignoring of smaller spirits. If a woman dream she is nursing a baby, she will be deceived by the one she trusts most. It is a bad sign to dream that you take your baby if sick with fever. You will have many sorrows of mind. Baby Carriages. To dream of a baby carriage, denotes that you will have a congenial friend who will devise many pleasurable surprises for you. Bachelor. For a man to dream that he is a bachelor, is a warning for him to keep clear of women. For a woman to dream of a bachelor, denotes love not born of purity. Justice goes awry. Politicians lose honor. Back. To dream of seeing a nude back, denotes loss of power. Lending advice or money is dangerous. Sickness often attends this dream. To see a person turn and walk away from you, you may be sure envy and jealousy are working to your hurt. To dream of your own back, bodes no good to the dreamer. Back-bite. Conditions will change from good to bad if you are joined with others in back-biting. For your friends to back-bite you, indicates worriment by servants and children. Backgammon. To dream of playing backgammon, denotes that you will, while visiting, meet with unfriendly hospitality, but will unconsciously win friendships which will endure much straining. If you are defeated in the game, you will be unfortunate in bestowing your affections, and your affairs will remain in an unsettled condition. Bacon. To dream of eating bacon is good, if some one is eating with you and hands are clean. Rancid bacon, is dulness of perception and unsatisfactory states will worry you. To dream of curing bacon is bad, if not clear of salt and smoke. If clear, it is good. Badger. To dream of a badger, is a sign of luck after battles with hardships. Bag-Pipe. This is not a bad dream, unless the music be harsh and the player in rags. Baghavad Ghitta. To dream of the Baghavad, foretells for you a season of seclusion; also rest to the exhausted faculties. A pleasant journey for your advancement will be planned by your friends. Little financial advancement is promised in this dream. Bail. If the dreamer is seeking bail, unforeseen troubles will arise; accidents are likely to occur; unfortunate alliances may be made. If you go bail for another, about the same conditions, though hardly as bad. Bailiff. Shows a striving for a higher place, and a deficiency in intellect. If the bailiff comes to arrest, or make love, false friends are trying to work for your money. Bake-house. To dream of a bake-house, demands caution in making changes in ones career. Pitfalls may reveal themselves on every hand. For a young woman to dream that she is in a bake house, portends that her character wil{l} be assailed. She should exercise great care in her social affairs. Baking. Baking is unpropitious for a woman. Ill health and the care of many children; meanness and poverty of supporters are indicated. Balcony. For lovers to dream of making sad adieus on a balcony, long and perhaps final separation may follow. Balcony also denotes unpleasant news of absent friends. Bald. To see a bald-headed man, denotes that sharpers are to make a deal adverse to your interests, but by keeping wide awake, you will outwit them. For a man to dream of a bald-headed woman, insures him to have a vixen for wife. A bald hill, or mountain, indicates famine and suffering in various forms. For a young woman to dream of a bald-headed man, is a warning to her to use her intelligence against listening to her next marriage offer. Bald-headed babies signify a happy home, a loving companion, and obedient children. Ball. A very satisfactory omen, if beautiful and gaily-dressed people are dancing to the strains of entrancing music. If you feel gloomy and distressed at the inattention of others, a death in the family may be expected soon. Ballet. Indicates infidelity in the marriage state; also failures in business, and quarrels and jealousies among sweethearts. Balloon. Blighted hopes and adversity come with this dream. Business of every character will sustain an apparent falling off. To ascend in a balloon, denotes an unfortunate journey. Banishment. Evil pursues the unfortunate dreamer. If you are banished to foreign lands, death will be your portion at an early date. To banish a child, means perjury of business allies. It is a dream of fatality. Banjo. To dream of a banjo, denotes that pleasant amusements will be enjoyed. To see a negro playing one, denotes that you will have slight worries, but no serious vexation for a season. For a young woman to see negroes with their banjos, foretells that she will fail in some anticipated amusement. She will have misunderstandings with her lover. Bank. To see vacant tellers, foretells business losses. Giving out gold money, denotes carelessness; receiving it, great gain and prosperity. To see silver and bank-notes accumulated, increase of honor and fortune. You will enjoy the highest respect of all classes. Bankrupt. Denotes partial collapse in business, and weakening of the brain faculties. A warning to leave speculations alone. Banana. To dream of bananas, foretells that you will be mated to an uninteresting and an unloved companion. To eat them, foretells a tiresome venture in business, and self-inflicted duty. To see them decaying, you are soon to fall into some disagreeable enterprise. To trade in them, non-productive interests will accumulate around you. Banner. To see ones countrys banner floating in a clear sky, denotes triumph over foreign foes. To see it battered, is significant of wars and loss of military honors on land and sea. Banquet. It is good to dream of a banquet. Friends will wait to do you favors. To dream of yourself, together with many gaily-attired guests, eating from costly plate and drinking wine of fabulous price and age, foretells enormous gain in enterprises of every nature, and happiness among friends. To see inharmonious influences, strange and grotesque faces or empty tables, is ominous of grave misunderstandings or disappointments. Bantam. To see bantam chickens in your dream, denotes your fortune will be small, yet you will enjoy contentment. If they appear sickly, or exposed to wintry storms, your interests will be impaired. Baptism. To dream of baptism, signifies that your character needs strengthening by the practice of temperance in advocating your opinions to the disparagement of your friends. To dream that you are an applicant, signifies that you will humiliate your inward self for public favor. To dream that you see John the Baptist baptizing Christ in the Jordan, denotes that you will have a desperate mental struggle between yielding yourself to labor in meagre capacity for the sustenance of others, or follow desires which might lead you into wealth and exclusiveness. To see the Holy Ghost descending on Christ, is significant of resignation to duty and abnegation of self. If you are being baptized with the Holy Ghost and fire, means that you will be thrown into a state of terror over being discovered in some lustful engagement. Bar. To dream of tending a bar, denotes that you will resort to some questionable mode of advancement. Seeing a bar, denotes activity in communities, quick uplifting of fortunes, and the consummation of illicit desires. Barber. To dream of a barber, denotes that success will come through struggling and close attention to business. For a young woman to dream of a barber, foretells that her fortune will increase, though meagerly. Barefoot. To wander in the night barefoot with torn garments, denotes that you will be crushed in expectation, and evil influences will surround your every effort. Barley-field. The dreamer will obtain his highest desires, and every effort will be crowned with success. Decay in anything denotes loss. Barmaid. For a man to dream of a barmaid, denotes that his desires run to low pleasures, and he will scorn purity. For a young woman to dream that she is a barmaid, foretells that she will be attracted to fast men, and that she will prefer irregular pleasures to propriety. Barn. If well filled with ripe and matured grain, and perfect ears of corn, with fat stock surrounding it, it is an omen of great prosperity. If empty, the reverse may be expected. Barrel. See Cask. Barometer. To see a barometer in a dream, foretells a change will soon take place in your affairs, which will prove profitable to you. If it is broken, you will find displeasing incidents in your business, arising unexpectedly. Baseball. To see baseball in your dream, denotes you will be easily contented, and your cheerfulness will make you a popular companion. For a young woman to dream that she is playing baseball, means much pleasure for her, but no real profit or comfort. Basement. To dream that you are in a basement, foretells that you will see prosperous opportunities abating, and with them, pleasure will dwindle into trouble and care. See Cellar. Basin. For a young woman to dream of bathing in a basin, foretells her womanly graces will win her real friendships and elevations. Basket. To dream of seeing or carrying a basket, signifies that you will meet unqualified success, if the basket is full; but empty baskets indicate discontent and sorrow. Baste. To dream of basting meats while cooking, denotes you will undermine your own expectations by folly and selfishness. For a woman to baste her sewing, omens much vacation owing to her extravagance. Bass Voice. To dream that you have a bass voice, denotes you will detect some discrepancy in your business, brought about by the deceit of some one in your employ. For the lover, this foretells estrangements and quarrels. Bath. For a young person to dream of taking a bath, means much solicitude for one of the opposite sex, fearing to lose his good opinion through the influence of others. For a pregnant woman to dream this, denotes miscarriage or accident. For a man, adultery. Dealings of all kinds should be carried on with discretion after this dream. To go in bathing with others, evil companions should be avoided. Defamation of character is likely to follow. If the water is muddy, evil, indeed death, and enemies are near you. For a widow to dream of her bath, she has forgotten her former ties, and is hurrying on to earthly loves. Girls should shun male companions. Men will engage in intrigues of salacious character. A warm bath is generally significant of evil. A cold, clear bath is the fore-runner of joyful tidings and a long period of excellent health. Bathing in a clear sea, denotes expansion of business and satisfying research after knowledge. Bathroom. To see white roses in a bathroom, and yellow ones in a box, denote that sickness will interfere with pleasure; but more lasting joys will result from this disappointment. For a young woman to dream of a bathroom, foretells that her inclinations trend too much toward light pleasures and frivolities. Bats. Awful is the fate of the unfortunate dreamer of this ugly animal. Sorrows and calamities from hosts of evil work against you. Death of parents and friends, loss of limbs or sight, may follow after a dream of these ghoulish monsters. A white bat is almost a sure sign of death. Often the death of a child follows this dream. Battle. Battle signifies striving with difficulties, but a final victory over the same. If you are defeated in battle, it denotes that bad deals made by others will mar your prospects for good. Bayonet. To dream of a bayonet, signifies that enemies will hold you in their power, unless you get possession of the bayonet. Bay Tree. A palmy leisure awaits you in which you will meet many pleasing varieties of diversions. Much knowledge will be reaped in the rest from work. It is generally a good dream for everybody. Beacon-light. For a sailor to see a beacon-light, portends fair seas and a prosperous voyage. For persons in distress, warm attachments and unbroken, will arise among the young. To the sick, speedy recovery and continued health. Business will gain new impetus. To see it go out in time of storm or distress, indicates reverses at the time when you thought Fortune was deciding in your favor. Beads. To dream of beads, foretells attention from those in elevated position will be shown you. To count beads, portends immaculate joy and contentment. To string them, you will obtain the favor of the rich. To scatter them, signifies loss of caste among your acquaintances. Beans. This is a bad dream. To see them growing, omens worries and sickness among children. Dried beans, means much disappointment in worldly affairs. Care should be taken to prevent contagious diseases from spreading. To dream of eating them, implies the misfortune or illness of a well loved friend. Bear. Bear is significant of overwhelming competition in pursuits of every kind. To kill a bear, portends extrication from former entanglements. A young woman who dreams of a bear will have a threatening rival or some misfortune. Beard. To dream of seeing a beard, denotes that some uncongenial person will oppose his will against yours, and there will be a fierce struggle for mastery, and you are likely to lose some money in the combat. Gray beard, signifies hard luck and quarrels. To see beard on women, foretells unpleasant associations and lingering illness. For some one to pull your beard, denotes that you will run a narrow risk if you do not lose property. To comb and admire it, shows that your vanity will grow with prosperity, making you detestable in the sight of many of your former companions. For a young woman to admire a beard, intimates her desire to leave celibacy; but she is threatened with an unfortunate marriage. Beat. It bodes no good to dream of being beaten by an angry person; family jars and discord are signified. To beat a child, ungenerous advantage is taken by you of another; perhaps the tendency will be to cruelly treat a child. Beauty. Beauty in any form is pre-eminently good. A beautiful woman brings pleasure and profitable business. A well formed and beautiful child, indicates love reciprocated and a happy union. Beaver. To dream of seeing beavers, foretells that you will obtain comfortable circumstances by patient striving. If you dream of killing them for their skins, you will be accused of fraud and improper conduct toward the innocent. Bed. A bed, clean and white, denotes peaceful surcease of worries. For a woman to dream of making a bed, signifies a new lover and pleasant occupation. To dream of being in bed, if in a strange room, unexpected friends will visit you. If a sick person dreams of being in bed, new complications will arise, and, perhaps, death. To dream that you are sleeping on a bed in the open air, foretells that you will have delightful experiences, and opportunity for improving your fortune. For you to see negroes passing by your bed, denotes exasperating circumstances arising, which will interfere with your plans. To see a friend looking very pale, lying in bed, signifies strange and woeful complications will oppress your friends, bringing discontent to yourself. For a mother to dream that her child wets a bed, foretells she will have unusual anxiety, and persons sick, will not reach recovery as early as may be expected. For persons to dream that they wet the bed, denotes sickness, or a tragedy will interfere with their daily routine of business. Bedbugs. Seen in your dreams, they indicate continued sickness and unhappy states. Fatalities are intimated if you see them in profusion. To see bedbugs simulating death, foretells unhappiness caused by illness. To mash them, and water appears instead of blood, denotes alarming but not fatal illness or accident. To see bedbugs crawling up white walls, and you throw scalding water upon them, denotes grave illness will distress you, but there will be useless fear of fatality. If the water fails to destroy them, some serious complication with fatal results is not improbable. Bed Fellow. To dream that you do not like your bed fellow, foretells that some person who has claims upon you, will censure and make your surroundings unpleasant generally. If you have a strange bed fellow, your discontent will worry all who come near you. If you think you have any kind of animal in bed with you, there will be unbounded ill luck overhanging you. Bed-chamber. To see one newly furnished, a happy change for the dreamer. Journeys to distant places, and pleasant companions. Beef. If raw and bloody, cancers and tumors of a malignant nature will attack the subject. Be on your guard as to bruises and hurts of any kind. To see, or eat cooked beef, anguish surpassing human aid is before you. Loss of life by horrible means will occur. Beef properly served under pleasing surroundings denotes harmonious states in love and business, if otherwise, evil is foreboded, though it may be of a trifling nature. Beer. Fateful of disappointments if drinking from a bar. To see others drinking, work of designing intriguers will displace your fairest hopes. To habitues of this beverage, harmonious prospectives are foreshadowed, if pleasing, natural and cleanly conditions survive. The dream occurrences frequently follow in the actual. Bees. Bees signify pleasant and profitable engagements. For an officer, it brings obedient subjects and healthful environments. To a preacher, many new members and a praying congregation. To business men, increase in trade. To parents, much pleasure from dutiful children. If one stings, loss or injury will bear upon you from a friendly source. Beetles. To dream of seeing them on your person, denotes poverty and small ills. To kill them is good. Beets. To see them growing abundantly, harvest and peace will obtain in the land; eating them with others, is full of good tidings. If they are served in soiled or impure dishes, distressful awakenings will disturb you. Beggar. To see an old, decrepit beggar, is a sign of bad management, and unless you are economical, you will lose much property. Scandalous reports will prove detrimental to your fame. To give to a beggar, denotes dissatisfaction with present surroundings. To dream that you refuse to give to a beggar is altogether bad. Beheading. To dream of being beheaded, overwhelming defeat or failure in some undertaking will soon follow. To see others beheaded, if accompanied by a large flow of blood, death and exile are portended. Bier. To see one, indicates disastrous losses and the early dissolution of a dear relative. To see one, strewn with flowers in a church, denotes an unfortunate marriage. Belladonna. Strategic moves will bring success in commercial circles. Women will find rivals in society; vain and fruitless efforts will be made for places in mens affections. Taking it, denotes misery and failure to meet past debts. Bell-man. Fortune is hurrying after you. Questions of importance will be settled amicably among disputants. To see him looking sad some sorrowful event or misfortune may soon follow. Bellows. Working a bellows, denotes a struggle, but a final triumph over poverty and fate by energy and perseverance. To dream of seeing a bellows, distant friends are longing to see you. To hear one, occult knowledge will be obtained by the help of powerful means. One fallen into disuse, portends you have wasted energies under misguiding impulses. Bells. To hear bells tolling in your dreams, death of distant friends will occur, and intelligence of wrong will worry you. Liberty bells, indicate a joyous victory over an opponent. Belly. It is bad to dream of seeing a swollen mortifying belly, it indicates desperate sickness. To see anything moving on the belly, prognosticates humiliation and hard labor. To see a healthy belly, denotes insane desires. See Abdomen. Belt. To dream that you have a new style belt, denotes you are soon to meet and make engagements with a stranger, which will demoralize your prosperity. If it is out of date, you will be meritedly censured for rudeness. Bench. Distrust debtors and confidants if you dream of sitting on one. If you see others doing so, happy reunions between friends who have been separated through misunderstandings are suggested. Bequest. After this dream, pleasures of consolation from the knowledge of duties well performed, and the health of the young is assured. Bereavement. To dream of the bereavement of a child, warns you that your plans will meet with quick frustration, and where you expect success there will be failure. Bereavement of relatives, or friends, denotes disappointment in well matured plans and a poor outlook for the future. Bet. Betting on races, beware of engaging in new undertakings. Enemies are trying to divert your attention from legitimate business. Betting at gaming tables, denotes that immoral devices will be used to wring money from you. Bible. To dream of the Bible, foretells that innocent and disillusioned enjoyment will be proffered for your acceptance. To dream that you villify{sic} the teachings of the Bible, forewarns you that you are about to succumb to resisted temptations through the seductive persuasiveness of a friend. Bigamy. For a man to commit bigamy, denotes loss of manhood and failing mentality. To a woman, it predicts that she will suffer dishonor unless very discreet. Bicycle. To dream of riding a bicycle up hill, signifies bright prospects. Riding it down hill, if the rider be a woman, calls for care regarding her good name and health; misfortune hovers near. Billiards. Billiards, foretell coming troubles to the dreamer. Law suits and contentions over property. Slander will get in her work to your detriment. If you see table and balls idle, deceitful comrades are undermining you{.} Birds. It is a favorable dream to see birds of beautiful plumage. A wealthy and happy partner is near if a woman has dreams of this nature. Moulting and songless birds, denotes merciless and inhuman treatment of the outcast and fallen by people of wealth. To see a wounded bird, is fateful of deep sorrow caused by erring offspring. To see flying birds, is a sign of prosperity to the dreamer. All disagreeable environments will vanish before the wave of prospective good. To catch birds, is not at all bad. To hear them speak, is owning ones inability to perform tasks that demand great clearness of perception. To kill than with a gun, is disaster from dearth of harvest. Birds Nest. To see an empty birds nest, denotes gloom and a dull outlook for business. With eggs in the nest, good results will follow all engagements. If young ones are in the nest, it denotes successful journeys and satisfactory dealings. If they are lonely and deserted, sorrow, and folly of yours will cause you anxiety. Birth. For a married woman to dream of giving birth to a child, great joy and a handsome legacy is foretold. For a single woman, loss of virtue and abandonment by her lover. Birthday. To dream of a birthday is a signal of poverty and falsehood to the young, to the old, long trouble and desolation. Birthday Presents. Receiving happy surprises, means a multitude of high accomplishments. Working people will advance in their trades. Giving birthday presents, denotes small deferences, if given at a fe^te or reception. Biscuits. Eating or baking them, indicates ill health and family peace ruptured over silly disputes. Bishop. To dream of a bishop, teachers and authors will suffer great mental worries, caused from delving into intricate subjects. To the tradesman, foolish buying, in which he is likely to incur loss of good money. For one to see a bishop in his dreams, hard work will be his patrimony, with chills and ague as attendant. If you meet the approval of a much admired bishop, you will be successful in your undertakings in love or business. Bite. This dream omens ill. It implies a wish to undo work that is past undoing. You are also likely to suffer losses through some enemy. Blackberries. To dream of blackberries denotes many ills. To gather them is unlucky. Eating them denotes losses. Blackboard. To see in your dreams writing in white chalk on a blackboard, denotes ill tidings of some person prostrated with some severe malady, or your financial security will be swayed by the panicky condition of commerce. Blacksmith. To see a blacksmith in a dream, means laborious undertakings will soon work to your advantage. Bladder. To dream of your bladder, denotes you will have heavy trouble in your business if you are not careful of your health and the way you spend your energies. To see children blowing up bladders, foretells your expectations will fail to give you much comfort. Blanket. Blankets in your dream means treachery if soiled. If new and white, success where failure is feared, and a fatal sickness will be avoided through unseen agencies. Blasphemy. Blasphemy, denotes an enemy creeping into your life, who under assumed friendship will do you great harm. To dream you are cursing yourself, means evil fortune. To dream you are cursed by others, signifies relief through affection and prosperity. The interpretation of this dream here given is not satisfactory. See Profanity. Bleating. To hear young animals bleating in your dreams, foretells that you will have new duties and cares, though not necessarily unpleasant ones. Bleeding. To dream of bleeding, denotes death by horrible accidents and malicious reports about you. Fortune will turn against you. Blind. To dream of being blind, denotes a sudden change from affluence to almost abject poverty. To see others blind, denotes that some worthy person will call on you for aid. Blindfold. For a woman to dream that she is blindfolded, means that disturbing elements are rising around to distress and trouble her. Disappointment will be felt by others through her. Blind Mans Buff. To dream that you are playing at blind mans buff, denotes that you are about to engage in some weak enterprise which will likely humiliate you, besides losing money for you. Blood. Blood-stained garments, indicate enemies who seek to tear down a successful career that is opening up before you. The dreamer should beware of strange friendships. To see blood flowing from a wound, physical ailments and worry. Bad business caused from disastrous dealings with foreign combines. To see blood on your hands, immediate bad luck, if not careful of your person and your own affairs. Blood Stone. To dream of seeing a blood stone, denotes that you will be unfortunate in your engagements. For a young woman to receive one as a gift, denotes she will suffer estrangement from one friend, but will, by this, gain one more worthy of her. Blossoms. To dream of seeing trees and shrubs in blossom, denotes a time of pleasing prosperity is nearing you. Blows. Denotes injury to yourself. If you receive a blow, brain trouble will threaten you. If you defend yourself, a rise in business will follow. Blotting Paper. To dream of using blotting paper, signifies you will be deceived into the betrayal of secrets which will seriously involve a friend. To see worn blotting paper, denotes continued disagreements in the home or among friends. Blushing. For a young woman to dream of blushing, denotes she will be worried and humiliated by false accusations. If she sees others blush, she will be given to flippant railery which will make her unpleasing to her friends. Boarding House. To dream of a boarding house, foretells that you will suffer entanglement and disorder in your enterprises, and you are likely to change your residence. Boa-Constrictor. To dream of this is just about the same as to dream of the devil; it indicates stormy times and much bad fortune. Disenchantment with humanity will follow. To kill one is good. Boasting. To hear boasting in your dreams, you will sincerely regret an impulsive act, which will cause trouble to your friends. To boast to a competitor, foretells that you will be unjust, and will use dishonest means to overcome competition. Boat. Boat signals forecast bright prospects, if upon clear water. If the water is unsettled and turbulent, cares and unhappy changes threaten the dreamer. If with a gay party you board a boat without an accident, many favors will be showered upon you. Unlucky the dreamer who falls overboard while sailing upon stormy waters. Bobbin. To dream of bobbins, denotes that important work will devolve on you, and your interests will be adversely affected if you are negligent in dispatching the same work. Bog. Bogs, denotes burdens under whose weight you feel that endeavors to rise are useless. Illness and other worries may oppress you. See Swamp. Boiler. To dream of seeing a boiler out of repair, signifies you will suffer from bad management or disappointment. For a woman to dream that she goes into a cellar to see about a boiler foretells that sickness and losses will surround her. Boils. To dream of a boil running pus and blood, you will have unpleasant things to meet in your immediate future. May be that the insincerity of friends will cause you great inconvenience. To dream of boils on your forehead, is significant of the sickness of some one near you. Bolts. To dream of bolts, signifies that formidable obstacles will oppose your progress. If the bolts are old or broken, your expectations will be eclipsed by failures. Bomb Shell. To dream of bomb shells, foretells anger and disputes, ending in law suits. Many displeasing incident{s?} follow this dream. Bones. To see your bones protruding from the flesh, denotes that treachery is working to ensnare you. To see a pile of bones, famine and contaminating influences surround you. Bonnet. Bonnet, denotes much gossiping and slanderous insinuations, from which a woman should carefully defend herself. For a man to see a woman tying her bonnet, denotes unforeseen good luck near by. His friends will be faithful and true. A young woman is likely to engage in pleasant and harmless flirtations if her bonnet is new and of any color except black. Black bonnets, denote false friends of the opposite sex. Books. Pleasant pursuits, honor and riches to dream of studying them. For an author to dream of his works going to press, is a dream of caution; he will have much trouble in placing them before the public. To dream of spending great study and time in solving some intricate subjects, and the hidden meaning of learned authors, is significant of honors well earned. To see children at their books, denotes harmony and good conduct of the young. To dream of old books, is a warning to shun evil in any form. Bookcase. To see a bookcase in your dreams, signifies that you will associate knowledge with your work and pleasure. Empty bookcases, imply that you will be put out because of lack of means or facility for work. Book Store. To visit a book store in your dream, foretells you will be filled with literary aspirations, which will interfere with your other works and labors. Boots. To see your boots on another, your place will be usurped in the affections of your sweetheart. To wear new boots, you will be lucky in your dealings. Bread winners will command higher wages. Old and torn boots, indicate sickness and snares before you. Borrowing. Borrowing is a sign of loss and meagre support. For a banker to dream of borrowing from another bank, a run on his own will leave him in a state of collapse, unless he accepts this warning. If another borrows from you, help in time of need will be extended or offered you. True friends will attend you. Bosom. For a young woman to dream that her bosom is wounded, foretells that some affliction is threatening her. To see it soiled or shrunken, she will have a great disappointment in love and many rivals will vex her. If it is white and full she is soon to be possessed of fortune. If her lover is slyly observing it through her sheer corsage, she is about to come under the soft persuasive influence of a too ardent wooer. Bottles. Bottles are good to dream of if well filled with transparent liquid. You will overcome all obstacles in affairs of the heart, prosperous engagements will ensue. If empty, coming trouble will envelop you in meshes of sinister design, from which you will be forced to use strategy to disengage yourself. Bouquet. To dream of a bouquet beautifully and richly colored, denotes a legacy from some wealthy and unknown relative; also, pleasant, joyous gatherings among young folks. To see a withered bouquet, signifies sickness and death. Bow and Arrow. Bow and arrow in a dream, denotes great gain reaped from the inability of others to carry out plans. To make a bad shot means disappointed hopes in carrying forward successfully business affairs. Box. Opening a goods box in your dream, signifies untold wealth and that delightful journeys to distant places may be made with happy results. If the box is empty disappointment in works of all kinds will follow. To see full money boxes, augurs cessation from business cares and a pleasant retirement. Bracelet. To see in your dreams a bracelet encircling your arm, the gift of lover or friend, is assurance of an early marriage and a happy union. If a young woman lose her bracelet she will meet with sundry losses and vexations. To find one, good property will come into her possession. Brain. To see your own brain in a dream, denotes uncongenial surroundings will irritate and dwarf you into an unpleasant companion. To see the brains of animals, foretells that you will suffer mental trouble. If you eat them, you will gain knowledge, and profit unexpectedly. Brambles. To dream of brambles entangling you, is a messenger of evil. Law suits will go against you, and malignant sickness attack you, or some of your family. Brandy. To dream of brandy, foretells that while you may reach heights of distinction and wealth, you will lack that innate refinement which wins true friendship from people whom you most wish to please. Branch. It betokens, if full of fruit and green leaves, wealth, many delightful hours with friends. If they are dried, sorrowful news of the absent. Brass. To dream of brass, denotes that you will rise rapidly in your profession, but while of apparently solid elevation you will secretly fear a downfall of fortune. Bray. Hearing an ass bray, is significant of unwelcome tidings or intrusions. Bread. For a woman to dream of eating bread, denotes that she will be afflicted with children of stubborn will, for whom she will spend many days of useless labor and worry. To dream of breaking bread with others, indicates an assured competence through life. To see a lot of impure bread, want and misery will burden the dreamer. If the bread is good and you have access to it, it is a favorable dream. See Baking and Crust. Break. Breakage is a bad dream. To dream of breaking any of your limbs, denotes bad management and probable failures. To break furniture, denotes domestic quarrels and an unquiet state of the mind. To break a window, signifies bereavement. To see a broken ring order will be displaced by furious and dangerous uprisings, such as jealous contentions often cause. Breakfast. Is favorable to persons engaged in mental work. To see a breakfast of fresh milk and eggs and a well filled dish of ripe fruit, indicates hasty, but favorable changes. If you are eating alone, it means you will fall into your enemies trap. If you are eating with others it is good. See Meals. Breath. To come close to a person in your dreaming with a pure and sweet breath, commendable will be your conduct, and a profitable consummation of business deals will follow. Breath if fetid, indicates sickness and snares. Losing ones breath, denotes signal failure where success seemed assured. Brewing. To dream of being in a vast brewing establishment, means unjust persecution by public officials, but you will eventually prove your innocence and will rise far above your persecutors. Brewing in any way in your dreams, denotes anxiety at the outset, but usually ends in profit and satisfaction. Briars. To see yourself caught among briars, black enemies are weaving cords of calumny and perjury intricately around you and will cause you great distress, but if you succeed in disengaging yourself from the briars, loyal friends will come to your assistance in every emergency. Brick. Brick in a dream, indicates unsettled business and disagreements in love affairs. To make them you will doubtless fail in your efforts to amass great wealth. Bride. For a young woman to dream that she is a bride, foretells that she will shortly come into an inheritance which will please her exceedingly, if she is pleased in making her bridal toilet. If displeasure is felt she will suffer disappointments in her anticipations. To dream that you kiss a bride, denotes a happy reconciliation between friends. For a bride to kiss others, foretells for you many friends and pleasures; to kiss you, denotes you will enjoy health and find that your sweetheart will inherit unexpected fortune. To kiss a bride and find that she looks careworn and ill, denotes you will be displeased with your success and the action of your friends. If a bride dreams that she is indifferent to her husband, it foretells that many unhappy circumstances will pollute her pleasures. See Wedding. Bridge. To see a long bridge dilapidated, and mysteriously winding into darkness, profound melancholy over the loss of dearest possessions and dismal situations will fall upon you. To the young and those in love, disappointment in the hearts fondest hopes, as the loved one will fall below your ideal. To cross a bridge safely, a final surmounting of difficulties, though the means seem hardly safe to use. Any obstacle or delay denotes disaster. To see a bridge give way before you, beware of treachery and false admirers. Affluence comes with clear waters. Sorrowful returns of best efforts are experienced after looking upon or coming in contact with muddy or turbid water in dreams. Bridle. To dream of a bridle, denotes you will engage in some enterprise which will afford much worry, but will eventually terminate in pleasure and gain. If it is old or broken you will have difficulties to encounter, and the probabilities are that you will go down before them. A blind bridle signifies you will be deceived by some wily enemy, or some woman will entangle you in an intrigue. Bridle Bits. To see bridle bits in your dreams, foretells you will subdue and overcome any obstacle opposing your advancement or happiness. If they break or are broken you will be surprised into making concessions to enemies, Brimstone. To dream of brimstone, foretells that discreditable dealings will lose you many friends. if you fail to rectify the mistakes you are making. To see fires of brimstone, denotes you will be threatened with loss by contagion in your vicinity. Bronchitis. To dream that you are affected with bronchitis, foretells you will be detained from pursuing your views and plans by unfortunate complications of sickness in your home. To suffer with bronchitis in a dream, denotes that discouraging prospects of winning desired objects will soon loom up before you. Bronze. For a woman to dream of a bronze statue, signifies that she will fail in her efforts to win the person she has determined on for a husband. If the statue simulates life, or moves, she will be involved in a love affair, but no marriage will occur. Disappointment to some person may follow the dream. To dream of bronze serpents or insects, foretells you will be pursued by envy and ruin. To see bronze metals, denotes your fortune will be uncertain and unsatisfactory. Brood. To see a fowl with her brood, denotes that, if you are a woman, your cares will be varied and irksome. Many children will be in your care, and some of them will prove wayward and unruly. Brood, to others, denotes accumulation of wealth. Broom. To dream of brooms, denotes thrift and rapid improvement in your fortune, if the brooms are new. If they are seen in use, you will lose in speculation. For a woman to lose a broom, foretells that she will prove a disagreeable and slovenly wife and housekeeper. Broth. Broth denotes the sincerity of friends. They will uphold you in all instances. If you need pecuniary aid it will be forthcoming. To lovers, it promises a strong and lasting attachment. To make broth, you will rule your own and others fate. Brothel. To dream of being in a brothel, denotes you will encounter disgrace through your material indulgence. Brothers. To see your brothers, while dreaming, full of energy, you will have cause to rejoice at your own, or their good fortune; but if they are poor and in distress, or begging for assistance, you will be called to a deathbed soon, or some dire loss will overwhelm you or them. Brush. To dream of using a hair-brush, denotes you will suffer misfortune from your mismanagement. To see old hair brushes, denotes sickness and ill health. To see clothes brushes, indicates a heavy task is pending over you. If you are busy brushing your clothes, you will soon receive reimbursement for laborious work. To see miscellaneous brushes, foretells a varied line of work, yet withal, rather pleasing and remunerative. Buckle. To dream of buckles, foretells that you will be beset with invitations to places of pleasure, and your affairs will be in danger of chaotic confusion. Buffalo. If a woman dreams that she kills a lot of buffaloes, she will undertake a stupendous enterprise, but by enforcing will power and leaving off material pleasures, she will win commendation from men, and may receive long wished for favors. Buffalo, seen in a dream, augurs obstinate and powerful but stupid enemies. They will boldly declare against you but by diplomacy you will escape much misfortune. Bugle. To hear joyous blasts from a bugle, prepare for some unusual happiness, as a harmony of good things for you is being formed by unseen powers. Blowing a bugle, denotes fortunate dealings. Bugs. To dream of bugs denotes that some disgustingly revolting complications will rise in your daily life. Families will suffer from the carelessness of servants, and sickness may follow. Buildings. To see large and magnificent buildings, with green lawns stretching out before them, is significant of a long life of plenty, and travels and explorations into distant countries. Small and newly built houses, denote happy homes and profitable undertakings; but, if old and filthy buildings, ill health and decay of love and business will follow. Bull. To see one pursuing you, business trouble, through envious and jealous competitors, will harass you. If a young woman meets a bull, she will have an offer of marriage, but, by declining this offer, she will better her fortune. To see a bull goring a person, misfortune from unwisely using anothers possessions will overtake you. To dream of a white bull, denotes that you will lift yourself up to a higher plane of life than those who persist in making material things their God. It usually denotes gain. Bulldog. To dream of entering strange premises and have a bulldog attack you, you will be in danger of transgressing the laws of your country by using perjury to obtain your desires. If one meets you in a friendly way, you will rise in life, regardless of adverse criticisms and seditious interference of enemies. See Dog. Bullock. Denotes that kind friends will surround you, if you are in danger from enemies. Good health is promised you. See Bull. Burden. To dream that you carry a heavy burden, signifies that you will be tied down by oppressive weights of care and injustice, caused from favoritism shown your enemies by those in power. But to struggle free from it, you will climb to the topmost heights of success. Burr. To dream of burrs, denotes that you will struggle to free self from some unpleasant burden, and will seek a change of surroundings. Burglars. To dream that they are searching your person, you will have dangerous enemies to contend with, who will destroy you if extreme carefulness is not practised in your dealings with strangers. If you dream of your home, or place of business, being burglarized, your good standing in business or society will be assailed, but courage in meeting these difficulties will defend you. Accidents may happen to the careless after this dream. Burial. To attend the burial of a relative, if the sun is shining on the procession, is a sign of the good health of relations, and perhaps the happy marriage of some one of them is about to occur. But if rain and dismal weather prevails, sickness and bad news of the absent will soon come, and depressions in business circles will be felt A burial where there are sad rites performed, or sorrowing faces, is indicative of adverse surroundings or their speedy approach. See Funeral. Buried Alive. To dream that you are buried alive. denotes that you are about to make a great mistake, which your opponents will quickly turn to your injury. If you are rescued from the grave, your struggle will eventually correct your misadventure. Burns. Burns stand for tidings of good. To burn your hand in a clear and flowing fire, denotes purity of purpose and the approbation of friends. To burn your feet in walking through coals, or beds of fire, denotes your ability to accomplish any endeavor, however impossible it may be to others. Your usual good health will remain with you, but, if you are overcome in the fire, it represents that your interests will suffer through treachery of supposed friends. Butcher. To see them slaughtering cattle and much blood, you may expect long and fatal sickness in your family. To see a butcher cutting meat, your character will be dissected by society to your detriment. Beware of writing letters or documents. Butter. To dream of eating fresh, golden butter, is a sign of good health and plans well carried out; it will bring unto you possessions, wealth and knowledge. To eat rancid butter, denotes a competency acquired through struggles of manual labor. To sell butter, denotes small gain. Butterfly. To see a butterfly among flowers and green grasses, indicates prosperity and fair attainments. To see them flying about, denotes news from absent friends by letter, or from some one who has seen them. To a young woman, a happy love, culminating in a life union. Buttons. To dream of sewing bright shining buttons on a uniform, betokens to a young woman the warm affection of a fine looking and wealthy partner in marriage. To a youth, it signifies admittance to military honors and a bright career. Dull, or cloth buttons, denotes disappointments and systematic losses and ill health. The loss of a button, and the consequent anxiety as to losing a garment, denotes prospective losses in trade. Buttermilk. Drinking buttermilk, denotes sorrow will follow some worldly pleasure, and some imprudence will impair the general health of the dreamer. To give it away, or feed it to pigs, is bad still. To dream that you are drinking buttermilk made into oyster soup, denotes that you will be called on to do some very repulsive thing, and ill luck will confront you. There are quarrels brewing and friendships threatened. If you awaken while you are drinking it, by discreet maneuvering you may effect a pleasant understanding of disagreements. Buzzard. To dream that you hear a buzzard talking, foretells that some old scandal will arise and work you injury by your connection with it. To see one sitting on a railroad, denotes some accident or loss is about to descend upon you. To see them fly away as you approach, foretells that you will be able to smooth over some scandalous disagreement among your friends, or even appertaining to yourself. To see buzzards in a dream, portends generally salacious gossip or that unusual scandal will disturb you. C. And the Angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob; and I said, here am I.Gen. xxx., II. Cab. To ride in a cab in dreams, is significant of pleasant avocations, and average prosperity you will enjoy. To ride in a cab at night, with others, indicates that you will have a secret that you will endeavor to keep from your friends. To ride in a cab with a woman, scandal will couple your name with others of bad repute. To dream of driving a public cab, denotes manual labor, with little chance of advancement. Cabbage. It is bad to dream of cabbage. Disorders may run riot in all forms. To dream of seeing cabbage green, means unfaithfulness in love and infidelity in wedlock. To cut heads of cabbage, denotes that you are tightening the cords of calamity around you by lavish expenditure. Cable. To dream of a cable, foretells the undertaking of a decidedly hazardous work, which, if successfully carried to completion, will abound in riches and honor to you. To dream of receiving cablegrams, denotes that a message of importance will reach you soon, and will cause disagreeable comments. Cabin. The cabin of a ship is rather unfortunate to be in in{sic} a dream. Some mischief is brewing for you. You will most likely be engaged in a law suit, in which you will lose from the unstability of your witness. For log cabin, see house. Cackle. To hear the cackling of hens denotes a sudden shock produced by the news of an unexpected death in your neighborhood, Sickness will cause poverty. Cage. In your dreaming if you see a cageful of birds, you will be the happy possessor of immense wealth and many beautiful and charming children. To see only one bird, you will contract a desirable and wealthy marriage. No bird indicates a member of the family lost, either by elopement or death. To see wild animals caged, denotes that you will triumph over your enemies and misfortunes. If you are in the cage with them, it denotes harrowing scenes from accidents while traveling. Cakes. Batter or pancakes, denote that the affections of the dreamer are well placed, and a home will be bequeathed to him or her. To dream of sweet cakes, is gain for the laboring and a favorable opportunity for the enterprising. Those in love will prosper. Pound cake is significant of much pleasure either from society or business. For a young woman to dream of her wedding cake is the only bad luck cake in the category. Baking them is not so good an omen as seeing them or eating them. Calomel. To dream of calomel shows some person is seeking to deceive and injure you through the unconscious abetting of friends. For a young woman to dream of taking it, foretells that she will be victimized through the artful designing of persons whom she trusts. If it is applied externally, she will close her eyes to deceit in order to enjoy a short season of pleasure. Calves. To dream of calves peacefully grazing on a velvety lawn, foretells to the young, happy, festive gatherings and enjoyment. Those engaged in seeking wealth will see it rapidly increasing. See Cattle. Called. To hear your name called in a dream by strange voices, denotes that your business will fall into a precarious state, and that strangers may lend you assistance, or you may fail to meet your obligations. To hear the voice of a friend or relative, denotes the desperate illness of some one of them, and may be death; in the latter case you may be called upon to stand as guardian over some one, in governing whom you should use much discretion. Lovers hearing the voice of their affianced should heed the warning. If they have been negligent in attention they should make amends. Otherwise they may suffer separation from misunderstanding. To hear the voice of the dead may be a warning of your own serious illness or some business worry from bad judgment may ensue. The voice is an echo thrown back from the future on the subjective mind, taking the sound of your ancestors voice from coming in contact with that part of your ancestor which remains with you. A certain portion of mind matter remains the same in lines of family descent. Calendar. To dream of keeping a calendar, indicates that you will be very orderly and systematic in habits throughout the year. To see a calendar, denotes disappointment in your calculations. Calm. To see calm seas, denotes successful ending of doubtful undertaking. To feel calm and happy, is a sign of a long and well-spent life and a vigorous old age. Calumny. To dream that you are the subject of calumny, denotes that your interests will suffer at the hands of evil-minded gossips. For a young woman, it warns her to be careful of her conduct, as her movements are being critically observed by persons who claim to be her friends. Camera. To dream of a camera, signifies that changes will bring undeserved environments. For a young woman to dream that she is taking pictures with a camera, foretells that her immediate future will have much that is displeasing and that a friend will subject her to acute disappointment. Cameo Brooch. To dream of a cameo brooch, denotes some sad occurrence will soon claim your attention. Camels. To see this beast of burden, signifies that you will entertain great patience and fortitude in time of almost unbearable anguish and failures that will seemingly sweep every vestige of hope from you. To own a camel, is a sign that you will possess rich mining property. To see a herd of camels on the desert, denotes assistance when all human aid seems at a low ebb, and of sickness from which you will arise, contrary to all expectations. Camp. To dream of camping in the open air, you may expect a change in your affairs, also prepare to make a long and wearisome journey. To see a camping settlement, many of your companions will remove to new estates and your own prospects will appear gloomy. For a young woman to dream that she is in a camp, denotes that her lover will have trouble in getting her to name a day for their wedding, and that he will prove a kind husband. If in a military camp she will marry the first time she has a chance. A married woman after dreaming of being in a soldiers camp is in danger of having her husbands name sullied, and divorce courts may be her destination. Campaign. To dream of making a political one, signifies your opposition to approved ways of conducting business, and you will set up original plans for yourself regardless of enemies working against you. Those in power will lose. If it is a religious people conducting a campaign against sin, it denotes that you will be called upon to contribute from your private means to sustain charitable institutions. For a woman to dream that she is interested in a campaign against fallen women, denotes that she will surmount obstacles and prove courageous in time of need. Cane. To see cane growing in your dream, foretells favorable advancement will be made toward fortune. To see it cut, denotes absolute failure in all undertakings. Cancer. To have one successfully treated in a dream, denotes a sudden rise from obscure poverty to wealthy surroundings. To dream of a cancer, denotes illness of some one near you, and quarrels with those you love. Depressions may follow to the man of affairs after this dream. To dream of a cancer, foretells sorrow in its ugliest phase. Love will resolve itself into cold formality, and business will be worrying and profitless. Canal. To see the water of a canal muddy and stagnant-looking, portends sickness and disorders of the stomach and dark designs of enemies. But if its waters are clear a placid life and the devotion of friends is before you. For a young woman to glide in a canoe across a canal, denotes a chaste life and an adoring husband. If she crossed the canal on a bridge over clear water and gathers ferns and other greens on the banks, she will enjoy a life of ceaseless rounds of pleasure and attain to high social distinction. But if the water be turbid she will often find herself tangled in meshes of perplexity and will be the victim of nervous troubles. Canary Birds. To dream of this sweet songster, denotes unexpected pleasures. For the young to dream of possessing a beautiful canary, denotes high class honors and a successful passage through the literary world, or a happy termination of loves young dream. To dream one is given you, indicates a welcome legacy. To give away a canary, denotes that you will suffer disappointment in your dearest wishes. To dream that one dies, denotes the unfaithfulness of dear friends. Advancing, fluttering, and singing canaries, in luxurious apartments, denotes feasting and a life of exquisite refinement, wealth, and satisfying friendships. If the light is weird or unnaturally bright, it augurs that you are entertaining illusive hopes. Your over-confidence is your worst enemy. A young woman after this dream should beware, lest flattering promises react upon her in disappointment. Fairy-like scenes in a dream are peculiarly misleading and treacherous to women. Candles. To see them burning with a clear and steady flame, denotes the constancy of those about you and a well-grounded fortune. For a maiden to dream that she is molding candles, denotes that she will have an unexpected offer of marriage and a pleasant visit to distant relatives. If she is lighting a candle, she will meet her lover clandestinely because of parental objections. To see a candle wasting in a draught, enemies are circulating detrimental reports about you. To snuff a candle, portends sorowful{sic} news. Friends are dead or in distressful straits. Candlestick. To see a candlestick bearing a whole candle, denotes that a bright future lies before you filled with health, happiness and loving companions. If empty, the reverse. Canker. To dream of seeing canker on anything, is an omen of evil. It foretells death and treacherous companions for the young. Sorrow and loneliness to the aged. Cankerous growths in the flesh, denote future distinctions either as head of State or stage life. The last definition is not consistent with other parts of this book, but I let it stand, as I find it among my automatic writings. Cannon. This dream denotes that ones home and country are in danger of foreign intrusion, from which our youth will suffer from the perils of war. For a young woman to hear or see cannons, denotes she will be a soldiers wife and will have to bid him godspeed as he marches in defense of her and honor. The reader will have to interpret dreams of this character by the influences surrounding him, and by the experiences stored away in his subjective mind. If you have thought about cannons a great deal and you dream of them when there is no war, they are most likely to warn you against struggle and probable defeat. Or if business is manipulated by yourself successful engagements after much worry and ill luck may ensue. Cannon-Ball. This means that secret enemies are uniting against you. For a maid to see a cannon-ball, denotes that she will have a soldier sweetheart. For a youth to see a cannon-ball, denotes that he will be called upon to defend his country. Canoe. To paddle a canoe on a calm stream, denotes your perfect confidence in your own ability to conduct your business in a profitable way. To row with a sweetheart, means an early marriage and fidelity. To row on rough waters you will have to tame a shrew before you attain connubial bliss. Affairs in the business world will prove disappointing after you dream of rowing in muddy waters. If the waters are shallow and swift, a hasty courtship or stolen pleasures, from which there can be no lasting good, are indicated. Shallow, clear and calm waters in rowing, signifies happiness of a pleasing character, but of short duration. Water is typical of futurity in the dream realms. If a pleasant immediate future awaits the dreamer he will come in close proximity with clear water. Or if he emerges from disturbed watery elements into waking life the near future is filled with crosses for him. Candy. To dream of making candy, denotes profit accruing from industry. To dream of eating crisp, new candy, implies social pleasures and much love-making among the young and old. Sour candy is a sign of illness or that disgusting annoyances will grow out of confidences too long kept. To receive a box of bonbons, signifies to a young person that he or she will be the recipient of much adulation. It generally means prosperity. If you send a box you will make a proposition, but will meet with disappointment. Canopy. To dream of a canopy or of being beneath one, denotes that false friends are influencing you to undesirable ways of securing gain. You will do well to protect those in your care. Cap. For a woman to dream of seeing a cap, she will be invited to take part in some festivity. For a girl to dream that she sees her sweetheart with a cap on, denotes that she will be bashful and shy in his presence. To see a prisoners cap, denotes that your courage is failing you in time of danger. To see a miners cap, you will inherit a substantial competency. Captive. To dream that you are a captive, denotes that you may have treachery to deal with, and if you cannot escape, that injury and misfortune will befall you. To dream of taking any one captive, you will join yourself to pursuits and persons of lowest status. For a young woman to dream that she is a captive, denotes that she will have a husband who will be jealous of her confidence in others; or she may be censured for her indiscretion. Captain. To dream of seeing a captain of any company, denotes your noblest aspirations will be realized. If a woman dreams that her lover is a captain, she will be much harassed in mind from jealousy and rivalry. Cars. To dream of seeing cars, denotes journeying and changing in quick succession. To get on one shows that travel which you held in contemplation will be made under different auspices than had been calculated upon. To miss one, foretells that you will be foiled in an attempt to forward your prospects. To get off of one, denotes that you will succeed with some interesting schemes which will fill you with self congratulations. To dream of sleeping-cars, indicates that your struggles to amass wealth is animated by the desire of gratifying selfish and lewd principles which should be mastered and controlled. To see street-cars in your dreams, denotes that some person is actively interested in causing you malicious trouble and disquiet. To ride on a car, foretells that rivalry and jealousy will enthrall your happiness. To stand on the platform of a street-car while it is running, denotes you will attempt to carry on an affair which will be extremely dangerous, but if you ride without accident you will be successful. If the platform is up high, your danger will be more apparent, but if low, you will barely accomplish your purpose. Cardinal. It is unlucky to dream you see a cardinal in his robes. You will meet such misfortunes as will necessitate your removal to distant or foreign lands to begin anew your ruined fortune. For a woman to dream this is a sign of her downfall through false promises. If priest or preacher is a spiritual adviser and his services are supposed to be needed, especially in the hour of temptation, then we find ourselves dreaming of him as a warning against approaching evil. Cards. If playing them in your dreams with others for social pastime, you will meet with fair realization of hopes that have long buoyed you up. Small ills will vanish. But playing for stakes will involve you in difficulties of a serious nature. If you lose at cards you will encounter enemies. If you win you will justify yourself in the eyes of the law, but will have trouble in so doing. If a young woman dreams that her sweetheart is playing at cards, she will have cause to question his good intentions. In social games, seeing diamonds indicate wealth; clubs, that your partner in life will be exacting, and that you may have trouble in explaining your absence at times; hearts denote fidelity and cosy surroundings; spades signify that you will be a widow and encumbered with a large estate. Carnival. To dream that you are participating in a carnival, portends that you are soon to enjoy some unusual pleasure or recreation. A carnival when masks are used, or when incongruous or clownish figures are seen, implies discord in the home; business will be unsatisfactory and love unrequited. Cart. To dream of riding in a cart, ill luck and constant work will employ your time if you would keep supplies for your family. To see a cart, denotes bad news from kindred or friends. To dream of driving a cart, you will meet with merited success in business and other aspirations. For lovers to ride together in a cart, they will be true in spite of the machinations of rivals. Cartridge. To dream of cartridges, foretells unhappy quarrels and dissensions. Some untoward fate threatens you or some one closely allied to you. If they are empty, there will be foolish variances in your associations. Carving. To dream of carving a fowl, indicates you will be poorly off in a worldly way. Companions will cause you vexation from continued ill temper. Carving meat, denotes bad investments, but, if a change is made, prospects will be brighter. Carpet. To see a carpet in a dream, denotes profit, and wealthy friends to aid you in need. To walk on a carpet, you will be prosperous and happy. To dream that you buy carpets, denotes great gain. If selling them, you will have cause to go on a pleasant journey, as well as a profitable one. For a young woman to dream of carpets, shows she will own a beautiful home and servants will wait upon her. Carpenter. To see carpenters at their labor, foretells you will engage in honest endeavors to raise your fortune, to the exclusion of selfish pastime or so-called recreation. Carriage. To see a carriage, implies that you will be gratified, and that you will make visits. To ride in one, you will have a sickness that will soon pass, and you will enjoy health and advantageous positions. To dream that you are looking for a carriage, you will have to labor hard, but will eventually be possessed with a fair competency. Carrot. To dream of carrots, portends prosperity and health For a young woman to eat them, denotes that she will contract an early marriage and be the mother of several hardy children. Cask. To see one filled, denotes prosperous times and feastings. If empty, your life will be void of any joy or consolation from outward influences. Cash. To dream that you have plenty of cash, but that it has been borrowed, portends that you will be looked upon as a worthy man, but that those who come in close contact with you will find that you are mercenary and unfeeling. For a young woman to dream that she is spending borrowed money, foretells that she will be found out in her practice of deceit, and through this lose a prized friend. See Money. Cash Box. To dream of a full cash box, denotes that favorable prospects will open around you. If empty, you will experience meager reimbursements. Cashier. To see a cashier in your dream, denotes that others will claim your possessions. If you owe any one, you will practice deceit in your designs upon some wealthy person. Castle. To dream of being in a castle, you will be possessed of sufficient wealth to make life as you wish. You have prospects of being a great traveler, enjoying contact with people of many nations. To see an old and vine-covered castle, you are likely to become romantic in your tastes, and care should be taken that you do not contract an undesirable marriage or engagement. Business is depressed after this dream. To dream that you are leaving a castle, you will be robbed of your possessions, or lose your lover or some dear one by death. Castor Oil. To dream of castor oil, denotes that you will seek to overthrow a friend who is secretly abetting your advancement. Castoria. To dream of castoria, denotes that you will fail to discharge some important duty, and your fortune will seemingly decline to low stages. Cats. To dream of a cat, denotes ill luck, if you do not succeed in killing it or driving it from your sight. If the cat attacks you, you will have enemies who will go to any extreme to blacken your reputation and to cause you loss of property. But if you succeed in banishing it, you will overcome great obstacles and rise in fortune and fame. If you meet a thin, mean and dirty-looking cat, you will have bad news from the absent. Some friend lies at deaths door; but if you chase it out of sight, your friend will recover after a long and lingering sickness. To hear the scream or the mewing of a cat, some false friend is using all the words and work at his command to do you harm. To dream that a cat scratches you, an enemy will succeed in wrenching from you the profits of a deal that you have spent many days making. If a young woman dreams that she is holding a cat, or kitten, she will be influenced into some impropriety through the treachery of others. To dream of a clean white cat, denotes entanglements which, while seemingly harmless, will prove a source of sorrow and loss of wealth. When a merchant dreams of a cat, he should put his best energies to work, as his competitors are about to succeed in demolishing his standard of dealing, and he will be forced to other measures if he undersells others and still succeeds. To dream of seeing a cat and snake on friendly terms signifies the beginning of an angry struggle. It denotes that an enemy is being entertained by you with the intention of using him to find out some secret which you believe concerns yourself; uneasy of his confidences given, you will endeavor to disclaim all knowledge of his actions, as you are fearful that things divulged, concerning your private life, may become public. Catechism. To dream of the catechism, foretells that you will be offered a lucrative position, but the strictures will be such that you will be worried as to accepting it. Caterpillar. To see a caterpillar in a dream, denotes that low and hypocritical people are in your immediate future, and you will do well to keep clear of deceitful appearances. You may suffer a loss in love or business. To dream of a caterpillar, foretells you will be placed in embarrassing situations, and there will be small honor or gain to be expected. Cattle. To dream of seeing good-looking and fat cattle contentedly grazing in green pastures, denotes prosperity and happiness through a congenial and pleasant companion. To see cattle lean and shaggy, and poorly fed, you will be likely to toil all your life because of misspent energy and dislike of details of work. Correct your habits after this dream. To see cattle stampeding, means that you will have to exert all the powers of command you have to keep your career in a profitable channel. To see a herd of cows at milking time, you will be the successful owner of wealth that many have worked to obtain. To a young woman this means that her affections will not suffer from the one of her choice. To dream of milking cows with udders well filled, great good fortune is in store for you. If the calf has stolen the milk, it signifies that you are about to lose your lover by slowness to show your reciprocity, or your property from neglect of business. To see young calves in your dream, you will become a great favorite in society and win the heart of a loyal person. For business, this dream indicates profit from sales. For a lover, the entering into bonds that will be respected. If the calves are poor, look for about the same, except that the object sought will be much harder to obtain. Long-horned and dark, vicious cattle, denote enemies. See Calves. Cathedral. To dream of a wast cathedral with its domes rising into space, denotes that you will be possessed with an envious nature and unhappy longings for the unattainable, both mental and physical; but if you enter you will be elevated in life, having for your companions the learned and wise. Cauliflower. To dream of eating it, you will be taken to task for neglect of duty. To see it growing, your prospects will brighten after a period of loss. For a young woman to see this vegetable in a garden, denotes that she will marry to please her parents and not herself. Cavalry. To dream that you see a division of cavalry, denotes personal advancement and distinction. Some little sensation may accompany your elevation. Cavern or Cave. To dream of seeing a cavern yawning in the weird moonlight before you, many perplexities will assail you, and doubtful advancement because of adversaries. Work and health is threatened. To be in a cave foreshadows change. You will probably be estranged from those who are very dear to you. For a young woman to walk in a cave with her lover or friend, denotes she will fall in love with a villain and will suffer the loss of true friends. Cedars. To dream of seeing them green and shapely, denotes pleasing success in an undertaking. To see them dead or blighted, signifies despair. No object will be attained from seeing them thus. Celestial Signs. To dream of celestial signs, foretells unhappy occurrences will cause you to make unseasonable journeys. Love or business may go awry, quarrels in the house are also predicted if you are not discreet with your engagements. See Illumination. Celery. To dream of seeing fresh, crisp stalks of celery, you will be prosperous and influential beyond your highest hopes. To see it decaying, a death in your family will soon occur. To eat it, boundless love and affection will be heaped upon you. For a young woman to eat it with her lover, denotes she will come into rich possessions. Cellar. To dream of being in a cold, damp cellar, you will be oppressed by doubts. You will lose confidence in all things and suffer gloomy forebodings from which you will fail to escape unless you control your will. It also indicates loss of property. To see a cellar stored with wines and table stores, you will be offered a share in profits coming from a doubtful source. If a young woman dreams of this she will have an offer of marriage from a speculator or gambler. Cemetery. To dream of being in a beautiful and well-kept cemetery, you will have unexpected news of the recovery of one whom you had mourned as dead, and you will have your title good to lands occupied by usurpers. To see an old bramble grown and forgotten cemetery, you will live to see all your loved ones leave you, and you will be left to a strangers care. For young people to dream of wandering through the silent avenues of the dead foreshows they will meet with tender and loving responses from friends, but will have to meet sorrows that friends are powerless to avert. Brides dreaming of passing a cemetery on their way to the wedding ceremony, will be bereft of their husbands by fatal accidents occurring on journeys. For a mother to carry fresh flowers to a cemetery, indicates she may expect the continued good health of her family. For a young widow to visit a cemetery means she will soon throw aside her weeds for robes of matrimony. If she feels sad and depressed she will have new cares and regrets. Old people dreaming of a cemetery, shows they will soon make other journeys where they will find perfect rest. To see little children gathering flowers and chasing butterflies among the graves, denotes prosperous changes and no graves of any of your friends to weep over. Good health will hold high carnival. Chaff. To see chaff, denotes an empty and fruitless undertaking and ill health causing much anxiety. Women dreaming of piles of chaff, portends many hours spent in useless and degrading gossip, bringing them into notoriety and causing them to lose husbands who would have maintained them without work on their part. Chains. To dream of being bound in chains, denotes that unjust burdens are about to be thrown upon your shoulders; but if you succeed in breaking them you will free yourself from some unpleasant business or social engagement. To see chains, brings calumny and treacherous designs of the envious. Seeing others in chains, denotes bad fortunes for them. Chair. To see a chair in your dream, denotes failure to meet some obligation. If you are not careful you will also vacate your most profitable places. To see a friend sitting on a chair and remaining motionless, signifies news of his death or illness. Chair Maker. To dream of seeing a chair maker, denotes that worry from apparently pleasant labor will confront you. Chairman. To dream that you see the chairman of any public body, foretells you will seek elevation and be recompensed by receiving a high position of trust. To see one looking out of humor you are threatened with unsatisfactory states. If you are a chairman, you will be distinguished for your justice and kindness to others. Chalk. For a woman to dream of chalking her face, denotes that she will scheme to obtain admirers. To dream of using chalk on a board, you will attain public honors, unless it is the blackboard; then it indicates ill luck. To hold hands full of chalk, disappointment is foretold. Chalice. To dream of a chalice, denotes pleasure will be gained by you to the sorrow of others. To break one foretells your failure to obtain power over some friend. Challenge. If you are challenged to fight a duel, you will become involved in a social difficulty wherein you will be compelled to make apologies or else lose friendships. To accept a challenge of any character, denotes that you will bear many ills yourself in your endeavor to shield others from dishonor. Chamber. To find yourself in a beautiful and richly furnished chamber implies sudden fortune, either through legacies from unknown relatives or through speculation. For a young woman, it denotes that a wealthy stranger will offer her marriage and a fine establishment. If the chamber is plainly furnished, it denotes that a small competency and frugality will be her portion. Chambermaid. To see a chambermaid, denotes bad fortune and decided changes will be made. For a man to dream of making love to a chambermaid, shows he is likely to find himself an object of derision on account of indiscreet conduct and want of tact. Chameleon. To dream of seeing your swetheart{sic} wearing a chameleon chained to her, shows she will prove faithless to you if by changing she can better her fortune. Ordinarily chameleons signify deceit and self advancement, even though others suffer. Champion. To dream of a champion, denotes you will win the warmest friendship of some person by your dignity and moral conduct. Chandelier. To dream of a chandelier, portends that unhoped-for success will make it possible for you to enjoy pleasure and luxury at your caprice. To see a broken or ill-kept one, denotes that unfortunate speculation will depress your seemingly substantial fortune. To see the light in one go out, foretells that sickness and distress will cloud a promising future. Chapel. To dream of a chapel, denotes dissension in social circles and unsettled business. To be in a chapel, denotes disappointment and change of business. For young people to dream of entering a chapel, implies false loves and enemies. Unlucky unions may entangle them. Charity. To dream of giving charity, denotes that you will be harassed with supplications for help from the poor and your business will be at standstill. To dream of giving to charitable institutions, your right of possession to paving property will be disputed. Worries and ill health will threaten you. For young persons to dream of giving charity, foreshows they will be annoyed by deceitful rivals. To dream that you are an object of charity, omens that you will succeed in life after hard times with misfortunes. Charcoal. To dream of charcoal unlighted, denotes miserable situations and bleak unhappiness. If it is burning with glowing coals, there is prospects of great enhancement of fortune, and possession of unalloyed joys. Chariot. To dream of riding in a chariot, foretells that favorable opportunities will present themselves resulting in your good if rightly used by you. To fall or see others fall from one, denotes displacement from high positions. Chastise. To dream of being chastised, denotes that you have not been prudent in conducting your affairs. To dream that you administer chastisement to another, signifies that you will have an ill-tempered partner either in business or marriage. For parents to dream of chastising their children, indicates they will be loose in their manner of correcting them, but they will succeed in bringing them up honorably. Cheated. To dream of being cheated in business, you will meet designing people who will seek to close your avenues to fortune. For young persons to dream that they are being cheated in games, portend they will lose their sweethearts through quarrels and misunderstandings. Checks. To dream of palming off false checks on your friends, denotes that you will resort to subterfuge in order to carry forward your plans. To receive checks you will be able to meet your payments and will inherit money. To dream that you pay out checks, denotes depression and loss in business. Checkers. To dream of playing checkers, you will be involved in difficulties of a serious character, and strange people will come into your life, working you harm. To dream that you win the game, you will succeed in some doubtful enterprise. Cheese. To dream of eating cheese, denotes great disappointments and sorrow. No good of any nature can be hoped for. Cheese is generally a bad dream. Chemise. For a woman to dream of a chemise, denotes she will hear unfavorable gossip about herself. Cherries. To dream of cherries, denotes you will gain popularity by your amiability and unselfishness. To eat them, portends possession of some much desired object. To see green ones, indicates approaching good fortune. Cherubs. To dream you see cherubs, foretells you will have some distinct joy, which will leave an impression of lasting good upon your life. To see them looking sorrowful or reproachful, foretells that distress will come unexpectedly upon you. Chess. To dream of playing chess, denotes stagnation of business, dull companions, and poor health. To dream that you lose at chess, worries from mean sources will ensue; but if you win, disagreeable influences may be surmounted. Chestnuts. To dream of handling chestnuts, foretells losses in a business way, but indicates an agreeable companion through life. Eating them, denotes sorrow for a time, but final happiness. For a young woman to dream of eating or trying her fortune with them, she will have a well-to-do lover and comparative plenty. Chickens. To dream of seeing a brood of chickens, denotes worry from many cares, some of which of which will prove to your profit. Young or half grown chickens, signify fortunate enterprises, but to make them so you will have to exert your physical strength. To see chickens going to roost, enemies are planning to work you evil. To eat them, denotes that selfishness will detract from your otherwise good name. Business and love will remain in precarious states. Chiffonier. To see or search through a chiffonier, denotes you will have disappointing anticipations. To see one in order, indicates pleasant friends and entertainments. Chilblain. To dream of suffering with chilblains, denotes that you will be driven into some bad dealing through over anxity{sic} of a friend or partner. This dream also portends your own illness or an accident. Childbed. To dream of giving child birth, denotes fortunate circumstances and safe delivery of a handsome child. For an unmarried woman to dream of being in childbed, denotes unhappy changes from honor to evil and low estates. Children. Dream of children sweet and fair, To you will come suave debonair, Fortune robed in shining dress, Bearing wealth and happiness. To dream of seeing many beautiful children is portentous of great prosperity and blessings. For a mother to dream of seeing her child sick from slight cause, she may see it enjoying robust health, but trifles of another nature may harass her. To see children working or studying, denotes peaceful times and general prosperity. To dream of seeing your child desperately ill or dead, you have much to fear, for its welfare is sadly threatened. To dream of your dead child, denotes worry and disappointment in the near future. To dream of seeing disappointed children, denotes trouble from enemies, and anxious forebodings from underhanded work of seemingly friendly people. To romp and play with children, denotes that all your speculating and love enterprises will prevail. Chimes. To dream of Christmas chimes, denotes fair prospects for business men and farmers. For the young, happy anticipations fulfilled. Ordinary chimes, denotes some small anxiety will soon be displaced by news of distant friends. Chimney. To dream of seeing chimneys, denotes a very displeasing incident will occur in your life. Hasty intelligence of sickness will be borne you. A tumble down chimney, denotes sorrow and likely death in your family. To see one overgrown with ivy or other vines, foretells that happiness will result from sorrow or loss of relatives. To see a fire burning in a chimney, denotes much good is approaching you. To hide in a chimney corner, denotes distress and doubt will assail you. Business will appear gloomy. For a young woman to dream that she is going down a chimney, foretells she will be guilty of some impropriety which will cause consternation among her associates. To ascend a chimney, shows that she will escape trouble which will be planned for her. China. For a woman to dream of painting or arranging her china, foretells she will have a pleasant home and be a thrifty and economical matron. China Store. For a china merchant to dream that his store looks empty, foretells he will have reverses in his business, and withal a gloomy period will follow. See Crockery. Chocolate. To dream of chocolate, denotes you will provide abundantly for those who are dependent on you. To see chocolate candy, indicates agreeable companions and employments. If sour, illness or other disappointments will follow. To drink chocolate, foretells you will prosper after a short period of unfavorable reverses. Choir. To dream of a choir, foretells you may expect cheerful surroundings to replace gloom and discontent. For a young woman to sing in a choir, denotes she will be miserable over the attention paid others by her lover. Cholera. To dream of this dread disease devastating the country, portends sickness of virulent type will rage and many disappointments will follow. To dream that you are attacked by it, denotes your own sickness. Christ. To dream of beholding Christ, the young child, worshiped by the wise men, denotes many peaceful days, full of wealth and knowledge, abundant with joy, and content. If in the garden of the Gethsemane, sorrowing adversity will fill your soul, great longings for change and absent objects of love will be felt. To see him in the temple scourging the traders, denotes that evil enemies will be defeated and honest endeavors will prevail. Christmas Tree. To dream of a Christmas tree, denotes joyful occasions and auspicious fortune. To see one dismantled, foretells some painful incident will follow occasions of festivity. Chrysanthemum. To dream that you gather white chrysanthemums, signifies loss and much perplexity; colored ones, betokens pleasant engagements. To see them in bouquets, denotes that love will be offered you, but a foolish ambition will cause you to put it aside. To pass down an avenue of white chrysanthemums, with here and there a yellow one showing among the white, foretells a strange sense of loss and sadness, from which the sensibilities will expand and take on new powers. While looking on these white flowers as you pass, and you suddenly feel your spirit leave your body and a voice shouts aloud Glory to God, my Creator, foretells that a crisis is pending in your near future. If some of your friends pass out, and others take up true ideas in connection with spiritual and earthly needs, you will enjoy life in its deepest meaning. Often death is near you in these dreams. Church. To dream of seeing a church in the distance, denotes disappointment in pleasures long anticipated. To enter one wrapt in gloom, you will participate in a funeral. Dull prospects of better times are portended. Churchyard. To dream of walking in a churchyard, if in winter, denotes that you are to have a long and bitter struggle with poverty, and you will reside far from the home of your childhood, and friends will be separated from you; but if you see the signs of springtime, you will walk up in into pleasant places and enjoy the society of friends. For lovers to dream of being in a churchyard means they will never marry each other, but will see others fill their places. Churning. To dream of churning, you will have difficult tasks set you, but by diligence and industry you will accomplish them and be very prosperous. To the farmer, it denotes profit from a plenteous harvest; to a young woman, it denotes a thrifty and energetic husband. Cider. To dream of cider, denotes fortune may be won by you if your time is not squandered upon material pleasure. To see people drinking it, you will be under the influence of unfaithful friends. Cipher. To dream of reading cipher, indicates that you are interested in literary researches, and by constant study you will become well acquainted with the habits and lives of the ancients. Circle. To dream of a circle, denotes that your affairs will deceive you in their proportions of gain. For a young woman to dream of a circle, warns her of indiscreet involvement to the exclusion of marriage. Cistern. To dream of a cistern, denotes you are in danger of trespassing upon the pleasures and rights of your friends. To draw from one, foretells that you will enlarge in your pastime and enjoyment in a manner which may be questioned by propriety. To see an empty one, foretells despairing change from happiness to sorrow. City. To dream that you are in a strange city, denotes you will have sorrowful occasion to change your abode or mode of living. City Council. To dream of a city council, foretells that your interests will clash with public institutions and there will be discouraging outlooks for you. City Hall. To dream of a city hall, denotes contentions and threatened law suits. To a young woman this dream is a foreboding of unhappy estrangement from her lover by her failure to keep virtue inviolate. Clams. To dream of clams, denotes you will have dealings with an obstinate but honest person. To eat them, foretells you will enjoy anothers prosperity. For a young woman to dream of eating baked clams with her sweetheart, foretells that she will enjoy his money as well as his confidence. Clay. To dream of clay, denotes isolation of interest and probable insolvency. To dig in a clay bank, foretells you will submit to extraordinary demands of enemies. If you dig in an ash bank and find clay, unfortunate surprises will combat progressive enterprises or new work. Your efforts are likely to be misdirected after this dream. Women will find this dream unfavorable in love, social and business states, and misrepresentations will overwhelm them. Claret. To dream of drinking claret, denotes you will come under the influence of ennobling association. To dream of seeing broken bottles of claret, portends you will be induced to commit immoralities by the false persuasions of deceitful persons. Claret Cup and Punch. To dream of claret cup or punch, foretells that you will be much pleased with the attention shown you by new acquaintances. Clarionet. To dream of a claironet, foretells that you will indulge in frivolity beneath your usual dignity. {I}f it is broken, you will incur the displeasure of a close friend. Clairvoyance. To dream of being a clairvoyant and seeing yourself in the future, denotes signal changes in your present occupation, followed by a series of unhappy conflicts with designing people. To dream of visiting a clairvoyant, foretells unprosperous commercial states and unhappy unions. Clergyman. To dream that you send for a clergyman to preach a funeral sermon, denotes that you will vainly strive against sickness and to ward off evil influences, but they will prevail in spite of your earnest endeavors. If a young woman marries a clergyman in her dream, she will be the object of much mental distress, and the wayward hand of fortune will lead her into the morass of adversity. See Minister. Climbing. To dream of climbing up a hill or mountain and reaching the top, you will overcome the most formidable obstacles between you and a prosperous future; but if you should fail to reach the top, your dearest plans will suffer being wrecked. To climb a ladder to the last rung, you will succeed in business; but if the ladder breaks, you will be plunged into unexpected straits, and accidents may happen to you. To see yourself climbing the side of a house in some mysterious way in a dream, and to have a window suddenly open to let you in, foretells that you will make or have made extraordinary ventures against the approbation of friends, but success will eventually crown your efforts, though there will be times when despair will almost enshroud you. See Ascend Hill and Mountain. Clock. To dream that you see a clock, denotes danger from a foe. To hear one strike, you will receive unpleasant news. The death of some friend is implied. Cloister. To dream of a cloister, omens dissatisfaction with present surroundings, and you will soon seek new environments. For a young woman to dream of a cloister, foretells that her life will be made unselfish by the chastening of sorrow. Clothes. To dream of seeing clothes soiled and torn, denotes that deceit will be practised to your harm. Beware of friendly dealings with strangers. For a woman to dream that her clothing is soiled or torn, her virtue will be dragged in the mire if she is not careful of her associates. Clean new clothes, denotes prosperity. To dream that you have plenty, or an assortment of clothes, is a doubtful omen; you may want the necessaries of life. To a young person, this dream denotes unsatisfied hopes and disappointments. See Apparel. Clouds. To dream of seeing dark heavy clouds, portends misfortune and bad management. If rain is falling, it denotes troubles and sickness. To see bright transparent clouds with the sun shining through them, you will be successful after trouble has been your companion. To see them with the stars shining, denotes fleeting joys and small advancements. Clover. Walking through fields of fragrant clover is a propitious dream. It brings all objects desired into the reach of the dreamer. Fine crops is portended for the farmer and wealth for the young. Blasted fields of clover brings harrowing and regretful sighs. To dream of clover, foretells prosperity will soon enfold you. For a young woman to dream of seeing a snake crawling through blossoming clover, foretells she will be early disappointed in love, and her surroundings will be gloomy and discouraging, though to her friends she seems peculiarly fortunate. Cloven Foot. To dream of a cloven foot, portends some unusual ill luck is threatening you, and you will do well to avoid the friendship of strange persons. Club. To dream of being approached by a person bearing a club, denotes that you will be assailed by your adversaries, but you will overcome them and be unusually happy and prosperous; but if you club any one, you will undergo a rough and profitless journey. Coach. To dream of riding in a coach, denotes continued losses and depressions in business. Driving one implies removal or business changes. Coals. To see bright coals of fire, denotes pleasure and many pleasant changes. To dream you handle them yourself, denotes unmitigated joy. To see dead coals implies trouble and disappointments. Coal-hod. To dream of a coal-hod, denotes that grief will be likely to fill a vacancy made by reckless extravagance. To see your neighbor carrying in hods, foretells your surroundings will be decidedly distasteful and inharmonious. Coat. To dream of wearing anothers coat, signifies that you will ask some friend to go security for you. To see your coat torn, denotes the loss of a close friend and dreary business. To see a new coat, portends for you some literary honor. To lose your coat, you will have to rebuild your fortune lost through being over-confident in speculations. See Apparel and Clothes. Coat-of-Arms. To dream of seeing your coat-of-arms, is a dream of ill luck. You will never possess a title. Cocoa. To dream of cocoa, denotes you will cultivate distasteful friends for your own advancement and pleasure. Cocoanut. Cocoanuts in dreams, warns you of fatalities in your expectations, as sly enemies are encroaching upon your rights in the guise of ardent friends. Dead cocoanut trees are a sign of loss and sorrow. The death of some one near you may follow. Cock-Crowing. To dream of hearing a cock crowing in the morning, is significant of good. If you be single, it denotes an early marriage and a luxurious home. To hear one at night is despair, and cause for tears you will have. To dream of seeing cocks fight, you will leave your family because of quarrels and infidelity. This dream usually announces some unexpected and sorrowful events. The cock warned the Apostle Peter when he was about to perjure himself. It may also warn you in a dream when the meshes of the world are swaying you from the straight line of spiritual wisdom. Cockade. This dream denotes that foes will bring disastrous suits against you. Beware of titles. Cocktail. To drink a cocktail while dreaming, denotes that you will deceive your friends as to your inclinations and enjoy the companionship of fast men and women while posing as a serious student and staid home lover. For a woman, this dream portends fast living and an ignoring of moral and set rules. Coca-Cola. For a woman to dream that she is drinking coca-cola signifies that she will lose health and a chance for marrying a wealthy man by her abandonment to material delights. Coffin. This dream is unlucky. You will, if you are a farmer, see your crops blasted and your cattle lean and unhealthy. To business men it means debts whose accumulation they are powerless to avoid. To the young it denotes unhappy unions and death of loved ones. To see your own coffin in a dream, business defeat and domestic sorrow may be expected. To dream of a coffin moving of itself, denotes sickness and marriage in close conjunction. Sorrow and pleasure intermingled. Death may follow this dream, but there will also be good. To see your corpse in a coffin, signifies brave efforts will be crushed in defeat and ignominy, To dream that you find yourself sitting on a coffin in a moving hearse, denotes desperate if not fatal illness for you or some person closely allied to you. Quarrels with the opposite sex is also indicated. You will remorsefully consider your conduct toward a friend. Coffee. To dream of drinking coffee, denotes the disapproval of friends toward your marriage intentions. If married, disagreements and frequent quarrels are implied. To dream of dealing in coffee, portends business failures. If selling, sure loss. Buying it, you may with ease retain your credit. For a young woman to see or handle coffee she will be made a by-word if she is not discreet in her actions. To dream of roasting coffee, for a young woman it denotes escape from evil by luckily marrying a stranger. To see ground coffee, foretells successful struggles with adversity. Parched coffee, warns you of the evil attentions of strangers. Green coffee, denotes you have bold enemies who will show you no quarter, but will fight for your overthrow. Coffee Mill. To see a coffee mill in your dreams, denotes you are approaching a critical danger, and all your energy and alertness will have to stand up with obduracy to avert its disastrous consequences. To hear it grinding, signifies you will hardly overthrow some evil pitted against your interest. Coffee House. To see or visit a coffee house in your dreams, foretells that you will unwisely entertain friendly relations with persons known to be your enemies. Designing women may intrigue against your morality and possessions. Coins. To dream of gold, denotes great prosperity and much pleasure derived from sight-seeing and ocean voyages. Silver coin is unlucky to dream about. Dissensions will arise in the most orderly families. For a maiden to dream that her lover gives her a silver coin, signifies she will be jilted by him. Copper coins, denotes despair and physical burdens. Nickel coins, imply that work of the lowest nature will devolve upon you. If silver coins are your ideal of money, and they are bright and clean, or seen distinctly in your possession, the dream will be a propitious one. Coke. To dream of coke, denotes affliction and discord will enter your near future. Coke Oven. To see coke ovens burning, foretells some unexpected good fortune will result from failure in some enterprise. Cold. To dream of suffering from cold, you are warned to look well to your affairs. There are enemies at work to destroy you. Your health is also menaced. Colonel. To dream of seeing or being commanded by a colonel, denotes you will fail to reach any prominence in social or business circles. If you are a colonel, it denotes you will contrive to hold position above those of friends or acquaintances. Collar. To dream of wearing a collar, you will have high honors thrust upon you that you will hardly be worthy of. For a woman to dream of collars, she will have many admirers, but no sincere ones, She will be likely to remain single for a long while. College. To dream of a college, denotes you are soon to advance to a position long sought after. To dream that you are back in college, foretells you will receive distinction through some well favored work. Colliery or Coal-Mine. To dream of being in a coal-mine or colliery and seeing miners, denotes that some evil will assert its power for your downfall; but if you dream of holding a share in a coal-mine, it denotes your safe investment in some deal. For a young woman to dream of mining coal, foreshows she will become the wife of a real-estate dealer or dentist. Collision. To dream of a collision, you will meet with an accident of a serious type and disappointments in business. For a young woman to see a collision, denotes she will be unable to decide between lovers, and will be the cause of wrangles. Combat. To dream of engaging in combat, you will find yourself seeking to ingratiate your affections into the life and love of some one whom you know to be anothers, and you will run great risks of losing your good reputation in business. It denotes struggles to keep on firm ground. For a young woman to dream of seeing combatants, signifies that she will have choice between lovers, both of whom love her and would face death for her. Combing. To dream of combing ones hair, denotes the illness or death of a friend or relative. Decay of friendship and loss of property is also indicated by this dream{.} See Hair. Comedy. To dream of being at a light play, denotes that foolish and short-lived pleasures will be indulged in by the dreamer. To dream of seeing a comedy, is significant of light pleasures and pleasant tasks. Comet. To dream of this heavenly awe-inspiring object sailing through the skies, you will have trials of an unexpected nature to beset you, but by bravely combating these foes you will rise above the mediocre in life to heights of fame. For a young person, this dream portends bereavement and sorrow. Comic Songs. To hear comic songs in dreams, foretells you will disregard opportunity to advance your affairs and enjoy the companionship of the pleasure loving. To sing one, proves you will enjoy much pleasure for a time, but difficulties will overtake you. Command. To dream of being commanded, denotes that you will be humbled in some way by your associates for scorn shown your superiors. To dream of giving a command, you will have some honor conferred upon you. If this is done in a tyrannical or boastful way disappointments will follow. Commandment. To dream of receiving commands, foretells you will be unwisely influenced by persons of stronger will than your own. To read or hear the Ten Commandments read, denotes you will fall into errors from which you will hardly escape, even with the counsels of friends of wise and unerring judgment. Commerce. To dream that you are engaged in commerce, denotes you will handle your opportunities wisely and advantageously. To dream of failures and gloomy outlooks in commercial circles, denotes trouble and ominous threatening of failure in real business life. Committee. To dream of a committee, foretells that you will be surprised into doing some distasteful work. For one to wait on you, foretells some unfruitful labor will be assigned you. Companion. To dream of seeing a wife or husband, signifies small anxieties and probable sickness. To dream of social companions, denotes light and frivolous pastimes will engage your attention hindering you from performing your duties. Compass. To dream of a compass, denotes you will be forced to struggle in narrow limits, thus making elevation more toilsome but fuller of honor. To dream of the compass or mariners needle, foretells you will be surrounded by prosperous circumstances and honest people will favor you. To see one pointing awry, foretells threatened loss and deception. Completion. To dream of completing a task or piece of work, denotes that you will have acquired a competency early in life, and that you can spend your days as you like and wherever you please. For a young woman to dream that she has completed a garment, denotes that she will soon decide on a husband. To dream of completing a journey, you will have the means to make one whenever you like. Complexion. To dream that you have a beautiful complexion is lucky. You will pass through pleasing incidents. To dream that you have bad and dark complexion, denotes disappointment and sickness. Composing. To see in your dreams a composing stick, foretells that difficult problems will disclose themselves, and you will be at great trouble to meet them. Concert. To dream of a concert of a high musical order, denotes delightful seasons of pleasure, and literary work to the author. To the business man it portends successful trade, and to the young it signifies unalloyed bliss and faithful loves. Ordinary concerts such as engage ballet singers, denote that disagreeable companions and ungrateful friends will be met with. Business will show a falling off. Concubine. For a man to dream that he is in company with a concubine, forecasts he is in danger of public disgrace, striving to keep from the world his true character and state of business. For a woman to dream that she is a concubine, indicates that she will degrade herself by her own improprieties. For a man to dream that his mistress is untrue, denotes that he has old enemies to encounter. Expected reverses will arise. Confectionary. To dream of impure confectionary, denotes that an enemy in the guise of a friend will enter your privacy and discover secrets of moment to your opponents. Confetti. To dream of confetti obstructing your view in a crowd of merry-makers, denotes that you will lose much by first seeking enjoyment, and later fulfil tasks set by duty. Conjurer. To dream of a conjuror, denotes unpleasant experience will beset you in your search for wealth and happiness. Conjuring. To dream that you are in a hypnotic state or under the power of others, portends disastrous results, for your enemies will enthrall you; but if you hold others under a spell you will assert decided will power in governing your surroundings. For a young woman to dream that she is under strange influences, denotes her immediate exposure to danger, and she should beware. To dream of seeing hypnotic and slight-of-hand performances, signifies worries and perplexities in business and domestic circles, and unhealthy conditions of state. Conflagration. To dream of a conflagration, denotes, if no lives are lost, changes in the future which will be beneficial to your interests and happiness. See Fire. Conspiracy To dream that you are the object of a conspiracy, foretells you will make a wrong move in the directing of your affairs. Conscience. To dream that your conscience censures you for deceiving some one, denotes that you will be tempted to commit wrong and should be constantly on your guard. To dream of having a quiet conscience, denotes that you will stand in high repute. Consumption. To dream that you have consumption, denotes that you are exposing yourself to danger. Remain with your friends. Contempt. To dream of being in contempt of court, denotes that you have committed business or social indiscretion and that it is unmerited. To dream that you are held in contempt by others, you will succeed in winning their highest regard, and will find yourself prosperous and happy. But if the contempt is merited, your exile from business or social circles is intimated. Convent. To dream of seeking refuge in a convent, denotes that your future will be signally free from care and enemies, unless on entering the building you encounter a priest. If so, you will seek often and in vain for relief from worldly cares and mind worry. For a young girl to dream of seeing a convent, her virtue and honestly will be questioned. Convicts. To dream of seeing convicts, denotes disasters and sad news. To dream that you are a convict, indicates that you will worry over some affair; but you will clear up all mistakes. For a young woman to dream of seeing her lover in the garb of a convict, indicates she will have cause to question the character of his love. Convicted. See Accuse. Convention. To dream of a convention, denotes unusual activity in business affairs and final engagement in love. An inharmonious or displeasing convention brings you disappointment. Cooking. To cook a meal, denotes some pleasant duty will devolve on you. Many friends will visit you in the near future. If there is discord or a lack of cheerfulness you may expect harassing and disappointing events to happen. Cooking Stove. To see a cooking stove in a dream, denotes that much unpleasantness will be modified by your timely interference. For a young woman to dream of using a cooking stove, foretells she will be too hasty in showing her appreciation of the attention of some person and thereby lose a closer friendship. Cooling Board. For a young woman to see a cooling board in her dreams, foretells sickness and quarrels with her lover. To dream of some living person as dead and rising up from a cooling board, denotes she will be indirectly connected with that person in some trouble, but will find out that things will work out satisfactorily. To see her brother, who has long since been dead, rising from a cooling board, warns her of complications which may be averted if she puts forth the proper will and energy in struggling against them. Copper. To dream of copper, denotes oppression from those above you in station. Copperas. To dream of copperas, foretells unintentional wrong will be done you which will be distressing and will cause you loss. Copper Plate. Copper plate seen in a dream, is a warning of discordant views causing unhappiness between members of the same household. Coppersmith. To dream of a coppersmith, denotes small returns for labor, but withal contentment. Copying. To dream of copying, denotes unfavorable workings of well tried plans. For a young woman to dream that she is copying a letter, denotes she will be prejudiced into error by her love for a certain class of people. Coral. To dream of coral, is momentous of enduring friend ship which will know no weariness in alleviating your trouble. Colored coral is meant in this dream. White coral, foretells unfaithfulness and warning of love. Cornet. A cornet seen or heard in a dream, denotes kindly attentions from strangers. Coronation. To dream of a coronation, foretells you will enjoy acquaintances and friendships with prominent people. For a young woman to be participating in a coronation, foretells that she will come into some surprising favor with distinguished personages. But if the coronation presents disagreeable incoherence in her dreams, then she may expect unsatisfactory states growing out of anticipated pleasure. Cords. See Rope. Cork. To dream of drawing corks at a banquet, signifies that you will soon enter a state of prosperity, in which you will revel in happiness of the most select kind. To dream of medicine corks, denotes sickness and wasted energies. To dream of seeing a fishing cork resting on clear water, denotes success. If water is disturbed you will be annoyed by unprincipled persons. To dream that you are corking bottles, denotes a well organized business and system in your living. For a young woman to dream of drawing champagne corks, indicates she will have a gay and handsome lover who will lavish much attention and money on her. She should look well to her reputation and listen to the warning of parents after this dream. Corn. To dream of husking pied ears of corn, denotes you will enjoy varied success and pleasure. To see others gathering corn, foretells you will rejoice in the prosperity of friends or relatives. Corn and Corn-Field. To dream of passing through a green and luxurious corn-field, and seeing full ears hanging heavily, denotes great wealth for the farmer. It denotes fine crops and rich harvest and harmony in the home. To the young it promises much happiness and true friends, but to see the ears blasted, denotes disappointments and bereavements. To see young corn newly ploughed, denotes favor with the powerful and coming success. To see it ripe, denotes fame and wealth. To see it cribbed, signifies that your highest desires will be realized. To see shelled corn, denotes wealthy combines and unstinted favors. To dream of eating green corn, denotes harmony among friends and happy unions for the young. Corns. To dream that your corns hurt your feet, denotes that some enemies are undermining you, and you will have much distress; but if you succeed in clearing your feet of corns, you will inherit a large estate from some unknown source. For a young woman to dream of having corns on her feet, indicates she will have to bear many crosses and be coldly treated by her sex. Corkscrew. To dream of seeing a corkscrew, indicates an unsatisfied mind, and the dreamer should heed this as a warning to curb his desires, for it is likely they are on dangerous grounds. To dream of breaking a corkscrew while using it, indicates to the dreamer perilous surroundings, and he should use force of will to abandon unhealthful inclinations. Corpse. To dream of a corpse is fatal to happiness, as this dream indicates sorrowful tidings of the absent, and gloomy business prospects. The young will suffer many disappointments and pleasure will vanish. To see a corpse placed in its casket, denotes immediate troubles to the dreamer. To see a corpse in black, denotes the violent death of a friend or some desperate business entanglement. To see a battle-field strewn with corpses, indicates war and general dissatisfaction between countries and political factions. To see the corpse of an animal, denotes unhealthy situation, both as to business and health. To see the corpse of any one of your immediate family, indicates death to that person, or to some member of the family, or a serious rupture of domestic relations, also unusual business depression. For lovers it is a sure sign of failure to keep promises of a sacred nature. To put money on the eyes of a corpse in your dreams, denotes that you will see unscrupulous enemies robbing you while you are powerless to resent injury. If you only put it on one eye you will be able to recover lost property after an almost hopeless struggle. For a young woman this dream denotes distress and loss by unfortunately giving her confidence to designing persons. For a young woman to dream that the proprietor of the store in which she works is a corpse, and she sees while sitting up with him that his face is clean shaven, foretells that she will fall below the standard of perfection in which she was held by her lover. If she sees the head of the corpse falling from the body, she is warned of secret enemies who, in harming her, will also detract from the interest of her employer. Seeing the corpse in the store, foretells that loss and unpleasantness will offset all concerned. There are those who are not conscientiously doing the right thing. There will be a gloomy outlook for peace and prosperous work. Cornmeal. To see cornmeal, foretells the consummation of ardent wishes. To eat it made into bread, denotes that you will unwittingly throw obstructions in the way of your own advancement. Corner. This is an unfavorable dream if the dreamer is frightened and secretes himself in a corner for safety. To see persons talking in a corner, enemies are seeking to destroy you. The chances are that some one whom you consider a friend will prove a traitor to your interest. Corpulence. For a person to dream of being corpulent, indicates to the dreamer bountiful increase of wealth and pleasant abiding places. To see others corpulent, denotes unusual activity and prosperous times. If a man or woman sees himself or herself looking grossly corpulent, he or she should look well to their moral nature and impulses. Beware of either concave or convex telescopically or microscopically drawn pictures of yourself or others, as they forbode evil. Corset. To dream of a corset, denotes that you will be perplexed as to the meaning of attentions won by you. If a young woman is vexed over undoing or fastening her corset, she will be strongly inclined to quarrel with her friends under slight provocations. Cossack. To dream of a Cossack, denotes humiliation of a personal character, brought about by dissipation and wanton extravagance. Cot. To dream of a cot, foretells some affliction, either through sickness or accident. Cots in rows signify you will not be alone in trouble, as friends will be afflicted also. Cotton. To dream of young growing cotton-fields, denotes great business and prosperous times. To see cotton ready for gathering, denotes wealth and abundance for farmers. For manufacturers to dream of cotton, means that they will be benefited by the advancement of this article. For merchants, it denotes a change for the better in their line of business. To see cotton in bales, is a favorable indication for better times. To dream that cotton is advancing, denotes an immediate change from low to high prices, and all will be in better circumstances. Cotton Cap. It is a good dream, denoting many sincere friends. Cotton Cloth. To see cotton cloth in a dream, denotes easy circumstances. No great changes follow this dream. For a young woman to dream of weaving cotton cloth, denotes that she will have a thrifty and enterprising husband. To the married it denotes a pleasant yet a humble abode. Cotton Gin. To dream of a cotton gin, foretells you will make some advancement toward fortune which will be very pleasing and satisfactory. To see a broken or dilapidated gin, signifies misfortune and trouble will overthrow success. Couch. To dream of reclining on a couch, indicates that false hopes will be entertained. You should be alert to every change of your affairs, for only in this way will your hopes be realized. Cough. To dream that you are aggravated by a constant cough indicates a state of low health; but one from which you will recuperate if care is observed in your habits. To dream of hearing others cough, indicates unpleasant surroundings from which you will ultimately emerge. Counter. To dream of counters, foretells that active interest will debar idleness from infecting your life with unhealthful desires. To dream of empty and soiled counters, foretells unfortunate engagements which will bring great uneasiness of mind lest your interest will be wholly swept away. Counterfeit Money. To dream of counterfeit money, denotes you will have trouble with some unruly and worthless person. This dream always omens evil, whether you receive it or pass it. Counselor. To dream of a counselor, you are likely to be possessed of some ability yourself, and you will usually prefer your own judgment to that of others. Be guarded in executing your ideas of right. Countenance. To dream of a beautiful and ingenuous countenance, you may safely look for some pleasure to fall to your lot in the near future; but to behold an ugly and scowling visage, portends unfavorable transactions. Counterpane. A counterpane is very good to dream of, if clean and white, denoting pleasant occupations for women; but if it be soiled you may expect harassing situations. Sickness usually follows this dream. Counting. To dream of counting your children, and they are merry and sweet-looking, denotes that you will have no trouble in controlling them, and they will attain honorable places. To dream of counting money, you will be lucky and always able to pay your debts; but to count out money to another person, you will meet with loss of some kind. Such will be the case, also, in counting other things. If for yourself, good; if for others, usually bad luck will attend you. Country. To dream of being in a beautiful and fertile country, where abound rich fields of grain and running streams of pure water, denotes the very acme of good times is at hand. Wealth will pile in upon you, and you will be able to reign in state in any country. If the country be dry and bare, you will see and hear of troublous times. Famine and sickness will be in the land. Courtship. Bad, bad, will be the fate of the woman who dreams of being courted. She will often think that now he will propose, but often she will be disappointed. Disappointments will follow illusory hopes and fleeting pleasures. For a man to dream of courting, implies that he is not worthy of a companion. Cousin. Dreaming of ones cousin, denotes disappointments and afflictions. Saddened lives are predicted by this dream. To dream of an affectionate correspondence with ones cousin, denotes a fatal rupture between families. Cows. To dream of seeing cows waiting for the milking hour, promises abundant fulfilment of hopes and desires. See Cattle. Cowslip. To dream of gathering cowslips, portends unhappy ending of seemingly close and warm friendships; but seeing them growing, denotes a limited competency for lovers. This is a sinister dream. To see them in full bloom, denotes a crisis in your affairs. The breaking up of happy homes may follow this dream. Coxcomb. To dream of a coxcomb, denotes a low state of mind. The dreamer should endeavor to elevate his mind to nobler thoughts. Cradle. To dream of a cradle, with a beautiful infant occupying it, portends prosperity and the affections of beautiful children. To rock your own baby in a cradle, denotes the serious illness of one of the family. For a young woman to dream of rocking a cradle is portentous of her downfall. She should beware of gossiping. Crabs. To dream of crabs, indicates that you will have many complicated affairs, for the solving of which you will be forced to exert the soundest judgment. This dream portends to lovers a long and difficult courtship. Crane. To dream of seeing a flight of cranes tending northward, indicates gloomy prospects for business. To a woman, it is significant of disappointment; but to see them flying southward, prognosticates a joyful meeting of absent friends, and that lovers will remain faithful. To see them fly to the ground, events of unusual moment are at hand. Crape. To dream of seeing crape hanging from a door, denotes that you will hear of the sudden death of some relative or friend. To see a person dressed in crape, indicates that sorrow, other than death, will possess you. It is bad for business and trade. To the young, it implies lovers disputes and separations. Crawfish. Deceit is sure to assail you in your affairs of the heart, if you are young, after dreaming of this backward-going thing. Crawl. To dream that you are crawling on the ground, and hurt your hand, you may expect humiliating tasks to be placed on you. To crawl over rough places and stones, indicates that you have not taken proper advantage of your opportunities. A young woman, after dreaming of crawling, if not very careful of her conduct, will lose the respect of her lover. To crawl in mire with others, denotes depression in business and loss of credit. Your friends will have cause to censure you. Cream. To dream of seeing cream served, denotes that you will be associated with wealth if you are engaged in business other than farming. To the farmer, it indicates fine crops and pleasant family relations. To drink cream yourself, denotes immediate good fortune. To lovers, this is a happy omen, as they will soon be united. Credit. To dream of asking for credit, denotes that you will have cause to worry, although you may be inclined sometimes to think things look bright. To credit another, warns you to be careful of your affairs, as you are likely to trust those who will eventually work you harm. Creek. To dream of a creek, denotes new experiences and short journeys. If it is overflowing, you will have sharp trouble, but of brief period. If it is dry, disappointment will be felt by you, and you will see another obtain the things you intrigued to secure. Cremate. To dream of seeing bodies cremated, denotes enemies will reduce your influence in business circles. To think you are being cremated, portends distinct failure in enterprises, if you mind any but your own judgment in conducting them. Crew. To dream of seeing a crew getting ready to leave port, some unforseen{sic} circumstance will cause you to give up a journey from which you would have gained much. To see a crew working to save a ship in a storm, denotes disaster on land and sea. To the young, this dream bodes evil. Cricket. To hear a cricket in ones dream, indicates melancholy news, and perhaps the death of some distant friend. To see them, indicates hard struggles with poverty. Cries. To hear cries of distress, denotes that you will be engulfed in serious troubles, but by being alert you will finally emerge from these distressing straits and gain by this temporary gloom. To hear a cry of surprise, you will receive aid from unexpected sources. To hear the cries of wild beasts, denotes an accident of a serious nature. To hear a cry for help from relatives, or friends, denotes that they are sick or in distress. Criminal. To dream of associating with a person who has committed a crime, denotes that you will be harassed with unscrupulous persons, who will try to use your friendship for their own advancement. To see a criminal fleeing from justice, denotes that you will come into the possession of the secrets of others, and will therefore be in danger, for they will fear that you will betray them, and consequently will seek your removal. Crippled. To dream of the maimed and crippled, denotes famine and distress among the poor, and you should be willing to contribute to their store. It also indicates a temporary dulness in trade. Crochet Work. To dream of doing crochet work, foretells your entanglement in some silly affair growing out of a too great curiosity about other peoples business. Beware of talking too frankly with over-confidential women. Crockery. To dream of having an abundance of nice, clean crockery, denotes that you will be a tidy and economical housekeeper. To be in a crockery store, indicates, if you are a merchant or business man, that you will look well to the details of your business and thereby experience profit. To a young woman, this dream denotes that she will marry a sturdy and upright man. An untidy store, with empty shelves, implies loss. Crocodile. As sure as you dream of this creature, you will be deceived by your warmest friends. Enemies will assail you at every turn. To dream of stepping on a crocodiles back, you may expect to fall into trouble, from which you will have to struggle mightily to extricate yourself. Heed this warning when dreams of this nature visit you. Avoid giving your confidence even to friends. Cross. To dream of seeing a cross, indicates trouble ahead for you. Shape your affairs accordingly. To dream of seeing a person bearing a cross, you will be called on by missionaries to aid in charities. Cross-bones. To dream of cross-bones, foretells you will be troubled by the evil influence of others, and prosperity will assume other than promising aspects. To see cross-bones as a monogram on an invitation to a funeral, which was sent out by a secret order, denotes that unnecessary fears will be entertained for some person, and events will transpire seemingly harsh, but of good import to the dreamer. Cross Roads. To dream of cross roads, denotes you will be unable to hold some former favorable opportunity for reaching your desires. If you are undecided which one to take, you are likely to let unimportant matters irritate you in a distressing manner. You will be better favored by fortune if you decide on your route. It may be after this dream you will have some important matter of business or love to decide. Croup. To dream that your child has the croup, denotes slight illness, but useless fear for its safety. This is generally a good omen of health and domestic harmony. Crow. To dream of seeing a crow, betokens misfortune and grief. To hear crows cawing, you will be influenced by others to make a bad disposal of property. To a young man, it is indicative of his succumbing to the wiles of designing women. See Raven. Crowd. To dream of a large, handsomely dressed crowd of people at some entertainment, denotes pleasant association with friends; but anything occurring to mar the pleasure of the guests, denotes distress and loss of friendship, and unhappiness will be found where profit and congenial intercourse was expected. It also denotes dissatisfaction in government and family dissensions. To see a crowd in a church, denotes that a death will be likely to affect you, or some slight unpleasantness may develop. To see a crowd in the street, indicates unusual briskness in trade and a general air of prosperity will surround you. To try to be heard in a crowd, foretells that you will push your interests ahead of all others. To see a crowd is usually good, if too many are not wearing black or dull costumes. To dream of seeing a hypnotist trying to hypnotize others, and then turn his attention on you, and fail to do so, indicates that a trouble is hanging above you which friends will not succeed in warding off. Yourself alone can avert the impending danger. Crown. To dream of a crown, prognosticates change of mode in the habit of ones life. The dreamer will travel a long distance from home and form new relations. Fatal illness may also be the sad omen of this dream. To dream that you wear a crown, signifies loss of personal property. To dream of crowning a person, denotes your own worthiness. To dream of talking with the President of the United States, denotes that you are interested in affairs of state, and sometimes show a great longing to be a politician. Crucifixion. If you chance to dream of the crucifixion, you will see your opportunities slip away, tearing your hopes from your grasp, and leaving you wailing over the frustration of desires. Crucifix. To see a crucifix in a dream, is a warning of distress approaching, which will involve others beside yourself. To kiss one, foretells that trouble will be accepted by you with resignation. For a young woman to possess one, foretells she will observe modesty and kindness in her deportment, and thus win the love of others and better her fortune. Cruelty. To dream of cruelty being shown you, foretells you will have trouble and disappointment in some dealings. If it is shown to others, there will be a disagreeable task set for others by you, which will contribute to you own loss. Crust. To dream of a crust of bread, denotes incompetency, and threatened misery through carelessness in appointed duties. Crutches. To dream that you go on crutches, denotes that you will depend largely on others for your support and advancement. To see others on crutches, denotes unsatisfactory results from labors. Crying. To dream of crying, is a forerunner of illusory pleasures, which will subside into gloom, and distressing influences affecting for evil business engagements and domestic affairs. To see others crying, forbodes unexpected calls for aid from you. Crystal. To dream of crystal in any form, is a fatal sign of coming depression either in social relations or business transactions. Electrical storms often attend this dream, doing damage to town and country. For a woman to dream of seeing a dining-room furnished in crystal, even to the chairs, she will have cause to believe that those whom she holds in high regard no longer deserve this distinction, but she will find out that there were others in the crystal-furnished room, who were implicated also in this sinister dream. Cuckoo. To dream of a cuckoo, prognosticates a sudden ending of a happy life caused by the downfall of a dear friend. To dream that you hear a cuckoo, denotes the painful illness of the death of some absent loved one, or accident to some one in your family. Cucumber. This is a dream of plenty, denoting health and prosperity. For the sick to dream of serving cucumbers, denotes their speedy recovery. For the married, a pleasant change. Cunning. To dream of being cunning, denotes you will assume happy cheerfulness to retain the friendship of prosperous and gay people. If you are associating with cunning people, it warns you that deceit is being practised upon you in order to use your means for their own advancement. Cupboard. To see a cupboard in your dream, is significant of pleasure and comfort, or penury and distress, according as the cupboard is clean and full of shining ware, or empty and dirty. See Safe. Curbstone. To dream of stepping on a curbstone, denotes your rapid rise in business circles, and that you will be held in high esteem by your friends and the public. For lovers to dream of stepping together on a curb, denotes an early marriage and consequent fidelity; but if in your dream you step or fall from a curbstone your fortunes will be reversed. Currycomb. To dream of a currycomb foretells that great labors must be endured in order to obtain wealth and comfort. Currying a Horse. To dream of currying a horse, signifies that you will have a great many hard licks to make both with brain and hand before you attain to the heights of your ambition; but if you successfully curry him you will attain that height, whatever it may be. Curtains. To dream of curtains, foretells that unwelcome visitors will cause you worry and unhappiness. Soiled or torn curtains seen in a dream means disgraceful quarrels and reproaches. Cushion. To dream of reclining on silken cushions, foretells that your ease will be procured at the expense of others; but to see the cushions, denotes that you will prosper in business and love-making. For a young woman to dream of making silken cushions, implies that she will be a bride before many months. Cuspidor. To see a cuspidor in a dream, signifies that an unworthy attachment will be formed by you, and that your work will be neglected. To spit in one, foretells that reflections wil{sic} be cast upon your conduct. Custard. For a married woman to dream of making or eating custard, indicates she will be called upon to entertain an unexpected guest. A young woman will meet a stranger who will in time become a warm friend. If the custard has a sickening sweet taste, or is insipid, nothing but sorrow will intervene where you had expected a pleasant experience. See Baking. Custom-house. To dream of a custom-house, denotes you will have rivalries and competition in your labors. To enter a custom-house, foretells that you will strive for, or have offered you, a position which you have long desired. To leave one, signifies loss of position, trade or failure of securing some desired object. Cut. To dream of a cut, denotes sickness or the treachery of a friend will frustrate your cheerfulness. Cymbal. Hearing a cymbal in your dreams, foretells the death of a very aged person of your acquaintance. The sun will shine, but you will see it darkly because of gloom. D. God came to Laban, the Syrian, by night, in a dream, and said unto him, take heed that thou speak not to Jacob, either good or bad. Gen. xxxi., 24. Dagger. If seen in a dream, denotes threatening enemies. If you wrench the dagger from the hand of another, it denotes that you will be able to counteract the influence of your enemies and overcome misfortune. Dahlia. To see dahlias in a dream, if they are fresh and bright, signifies good fortune to the dreamer. See Bouquet Dairy. Dairy is a good dream both to the married and unmarried. See Churning Butter. Daisy. To dream of a bunch of daisys, implies sadness, but if you dream of being in a field where these lovely flowers are in bloom, with the sun shining and birds singing, happiness, health and prosperity will vie each with the other to lead you through the pleasantest avenues of life. To dream of seeing them out of season, you will be assailed by evil in some guise. Damask Rose. To dream of seeing a damask rosebush in full foliage and bloom, denotes that a wedding will soon take place in your family, and great hopes will be fulfilled. For a lover to place this rose in your hair, foretells that you will be deceived. If a woman receives a bouquet of damask roses in springtime, she will have a faithful lover; but if she received them in winter, she will cherish blasted hopes. Damson. This is a peculiarly good dream if one is so fortunate as to see these trees lifting their branches loaded with rich purple fruit and dainty foliage; one may expect riches compared with his present estate. To dream of eating them at any time, forebodes grief. Dance. To dream of seeing a crowd of merry children dancing, signifies to the married, loving, obedient and intelligent children and a cheerful and comfortable home. To young people, it denotes easy tasks and many pleasures. To see older people dancing, denotes a brighter outlook for business. To dream of dancing yourself, some unexpected good fortune will come to you. See Ball. Dancing Master. To dream of a dancing master, foretells you will neglect important affairs to pursue frivolities. For a young woman to dream that her lover is a dancing master, portends that she will have a friend in accordance with her views of pleasure and life. Dandelion. Dandelions blossoming in green foliage, foretells happy unions and prosperous surroundings. Danger. To dream of being in a perilous situation, and death seems iminent,{sic} denotes that you will emerge from obscurity into places of distinction and honor; but if you should not escape the impending danger, and suffer death or a wound, you will lose in business and be annoyed in your home, and by others. If you are in love, your prospects will grow discouraging. Dark. To dream of darkness overtaking you on a journey, augurs ill for any work you may attempt, unless the sun breaks through before the journey ends, then faults will be overcome. To lose your friend, or child, in the darkness, portends many provocations to wrath. Try to remain under control after dreaming of darkness, for trials in business and love will beset you. Dates. To dream of seeing them on their parent trees, signifies prosperity and happy union; but to eat them as prepared for commerce, they are omens of want and distress. Daughter. To dream of your daughter, signifies that many displeasing incidents will give way to pleasure and harmony. If in the dream, she fails to meet your wishes, through any cause, you will suffer vexation and discontent. Daughter-in-law. To dream of your daughter-in-law, indicates some unusual occurence{sic} will add to happiness, or disquiet, according as she is pleasant or unreasonable. David. To dream of David, of Bible fame, denotes divisions in domestic circles, and unsettled affairs, will tax heavily your nerve force. Day. To dream of the day, denotes improvement in your situation, and pleasant associations. A gloomy or cloudy day, foretells loss and ill success in new enterprises. Daybreak. To watch the day break in a dream, omens successful undertakings, unless the scene is indistinct and weird; then it may imply disappointment when success in business or love seems assured. Dead. To dream of the dead, is usually a dream of warning. If you see and talk with your father, some unlucky transaction is about to be made by you. Be careful how you enter into contracts, enemies are around you. Men and women are warned to look to their reputations after this dream. To see your mother, warns you to control your inclination to cultivate morbidness and ill will towards your fellow creatures. A brother, or other relatives or friends, denotes that you may be called on for charity or aid within a short time. To dream of seeing the dead, living and happy, signifies you are letting wrong influences into your life, which will bring material loss if not corrected by the assumption of your own will force. To dream that you are conversing with a dead relative, and that relative endeavors to extract a promise from you, warns you of coming distress, unless you follow the advice given you. Disastrous consequences could often be averted if minds could grasp the inner workings and sight of the higher or spiritual self. The voice of relatives is only that higher self taking form to approach more distinctly the mind that lives near the material plane. There is so little congeniality between common or material natures that persons should depend upon their own subjectivity for true contentment and pleasure. Paracelsus says on this subject: It may happen that the soul of persons who have died perhaps fifty years ago may appear to us in a dream, and if it speaks to us we should pay special attention to what it says, for such a vision is not an illusion or delusion, and it is possible that a man is as much able to use his reason during the sleep of his body as when the latter is awake; and if in such a case such a soul appears to him and he asks questions, he will then hear that which is true. Through these solicitous souls we may obtain a great deal of knowledge to good or to evil things if we ask them to reveal them to us. Many persons have had such prayers granted to them. Some people that were sick have been informed during their sleep what remedies they should use, and after using the remedies, they became cured, and such things have happened not only to Christians, but also to Jews, Persians, and heathens, to good and to bad persons. The writer does not hold that such knowledge is obtained from external or excarnate spirits, but rather through the personal Spirit Glimpses that is in man.AUTHOR. Death. To dream of seeing any of your people dead, warns you of coming dissolution or sorrow. Disappointments always follow dreams of this nature. To hear of any friend or relative being dead, you will soon have bad news from some of them. Dreams relating to death or dying, unless they are due to spiritual causes, are misleading and very confusing to the novice in dream lore when he attempts to interpret them. A man who thinks intensely fills his aura with thought or subjective images active with the passions that gave them birth; by thinking and acting on other lines, he may supplant these images with others possessed of a different form and nature. In his dreams he may see these images dying, dead or their burial, and mistake them for friends or enemies. In this way he may, while asleep, see himself or a relative die, when in reality he has been warned that some good thought or deed is to be supplanted by an evil one. To illustrate: If it is a dear friend or relative whom he sees in the agony of death, he is warned against immoral or other improper thought and action, but if it is an enemy or some repulsive object dismantled in death, he may overcome his evil ways and thus give himself or friends cause for joy. Often the end or beginning of suspense or trials are foretold by dreams of this nature. They also frequently occur when the dreamer is controlled by imaginary states of evil or good. A man in that state is not himself, but is what the dominating influences make him. He may be warned of approaching conditions or his extrication from the same. In our dreams we are closer to our real self than in waking life. The hideous or pleasing incidents seen and heard about us in our dreams are all of our own making, they reflect the true state of our soul and body, and we cannot flee from them unless we drive them out of our being by the use of good thoughts and deeds, by the power of the spirit within us. See Corpse. Debt. Debt is rather a bad dream, foretelling worries in business and love, and struggles for a competency; but if you have plenty to meet all your obligations, your affairs will assume a favorable turn. December. To dream of December, foretells accumulation of wealth, but loss of friendship. Strangers will occupy the position in the affections of some friend which was formerly held by you. Deck. To dream of being on a ship and that a storm is raging, great disasters and unfortunate alliances will overtake you; but if the sea is calm and the light distinct, your way is clear to success. For lovers, this dream augurs happiness. See Boat. Decorate. To dream of decorating a place with bright-hued flowers for some festive occasion, is significant of favorable turns in business, and, to the young, of continued rounds of social pleasures and fruitful study. To see the graves or caskets of the dead decorated with white flowers, is unfavorable to pleasure and worldly pursuits. To be decorating, or see others decorate for some heroic action, foretells that you will be worthy, but that few will recognize your ability. Deed. To dream of seeing or signing deeds, portends a law suit, to gain which you should be careful in selecting your counsel, as you are likely to be the loser. To dream of signing any kind of a paper, is a bad omen for the dreamer. See Mortgage. Deer. This is a favorable dream, denoting pure and deep friendships for the young and a quiet and even life for the married. To kill a deer, denotes that you will be hounded by enemies. For farmers, or business people, to dream of hunting deer, denotes failure in their respective pursuits. Delay. To be delayed in a dream, warns you of the scheming of enemies to prevent your progress. Delight. To dream of experiencing delight over any event, signifies a favorable turn in affairs. For lovers to be delighted with the conduct of their sweethearts, denotes pleasant greetings. To feel delight when looking on beautiful landscapes, prognosticates to the dreamer very great success and congenial associations. Demand. To dream that a demand for charity comes in upon you, denotes that you will be placed in embarrassing situations, but by your persistency you will fully restore your good standing. If the demand is unjust, you will become a leader in your profession. For a lover to command you adversely, implies his, or her, leniency. Dentist. To dream of a dentist working on your teeth, denotes that you will have occasion to doubt the sincerity and honor of some person with whom you have dealings. To see him at work on a young womans teeth, denotes that you will soon be shocked by a scandal in circles near you. Derrick. Derricks seen in a dream, indicate strife and obstruction in your way to success. Desert. To dream of wandering through a gloomy and barren desert, denotes famine and uprisal of races and great loss of life and property. For a young woman to find herself alone in a desert, her health and reputation is being jeopardized by her indiscretion. She should be more cautious. Desk. To be using a desk in a dream, denotes unforeseen ill luck will rise before you. To see money on your desk, brings you unexpected extrication from private difficulties. Despair. To be in despair in dreams, denotes that you will have many and cruel vexations in the working world. To see others in despair, foretells the distress and unhappy position of some relative or friend. Detective. To dream of a detective keeping in your wake when you are innocent of charges preferred, denotes that fortune and honor are drawing nearer to you each day; but if you feel yourself guilty, you are likely to find your reputation at stake, and friends will turn from you. For a young woman, this is not a fortunate dream. Devotion. For a farmer to dream of showing his devotion to God, or to his family, denotes plenteous crops and peaceful neighbors. To business people, this is a warning that nothing is to be gained by deceit. For a young woman to dream of being devout, implies her chastity and an adoring husband. Devil. For farmers to dream of the devil, denotes blasted crops and death among stock, also family sickness. Sporting people should heed this dream as a warning to be careful of their affairs, as they are likely to venture beyond the laws of their State. For a preacher, this dream is undeniable proof that he is over-zealous, and should forebear worshiping God by tongue-lashing his neighbor. To dream of the devil as being a large, imposingly dressed person, wearing many sparkling jewels on his body and hands, trying to persuade you to enter his abode, warns you that unscrupulous persons are seeking your ruin by the most ingenious flattery. Young and innocent women, should seek the stronghold of friends after this dream, and avoid strange attentions, especially from married men. Women of low character, are likely to be robbed of jewels and money by seeming strangers. Beware of associating with the devil, even in dreams. He is always the forerunner of despair. If you dream of being pursued by his majesty, you will fall into snares set for you by enemies in the guise of friends. To a lover, this denotes that he will be won away from his allegiance by a wanton. Dew. To feel the dew falling on you in your dreams, portends that you will be attacked by fever or some malignant disease; but to see the dew sparkling through the grass in the sunlight, great honors and wealth are about to be heaped upon you. If you are single, a wealthy marriage will soon be your portion. Diadem. To dream of a diadem, denotes that some honor will be tendered you for acceptance. Diamonds. To dream of owning diamonds is a very propitious dream, signifying great honor and recognition from high places. For a young woman to dream of her lover presenting her with diamonds, foreshows that she will make a great and honorable marriage, which will fill her people with honest pride; but to lose diamonds, and not find them again, is the most unlucky of dreams, foretelling disgrace, want and death. For a sporting woman to dream of diamonds, foretells for her many prosperous days and magnificent presents. For a speculator, it denotes prosperous transactions. To dream of owning diamonds, portends the same for sporting men or women. Diamonds are omens of good luck, unless stolen from the bodies of dead persons, when they foretell that your own unfaithfulness will be discovered by your friends. Dice. To dream of dice, is indicative of unfortunate speculations, and consequent misery and despair. It also foretells contagious sickness. For a girl to dream that she sees her lover throwing dice, indicates his unworthiness. Dictionary. To dream that you are referring to a dictionary, signifies you will depend too much upon the opinion and suggestions of others for the clear management of your own affairs, which could be done with proper dispatch if your own will was given play. Difficulty. This dream signifies temporary embarrassment for business men of all classes, including soldiers and writers. But to extricate yourself from difficulties, foretells your prosperity. For a woman to dream of being in difficulties, denotes that she is threatened with ill health or enemies. For lovers, this is a dream of contrariety, denoting pleasant courtship. Digging. To dream of digging, denotes that you will never be in want, but life will be an uphill affair. To dig a hole and find any glittering substance, denotes a favorable turn in fortune; but to dig and open up a vast area of hollow mist, you will be harrassed with real misfortunes and be filled with gloomy forebodings. Water filling the hole that you dig, denotes that in spite of your most strenuous efforts things will not bend to your will. Dinner. To dream that you eat your dinner alone, denotes that you will often have cause to think seriously of the necessaries of life. For a young woman to dream of taking dinner with her lover, is indicative of a lovers quarrel or a rupture, unless the affair is one of harmonious pleasure, when the reverse may be expected. To be one of many invited guests at a dinner, denotes that you will enjoy the hospitalities of those who are able to extend to you many pleasant courtesies. Dirt. To dream of seeing freshly stirred dirt around flowers or trees, denotes thrift and healthful conditions abound for the dreamer. To see your clothes soiled with unclean dirt, you will be forced to save yourself from contagious diseases by leaving your home or submitting to the strictures of the law. To dream that some one throws dirt upon you, denotes that enemies will try to injure your character. Disaster. To dream of being in any disaster from public conveyance, you are in danger of losing property or of being maimed from some malarious disease. For a young woman to dream of a disaster in which she is a participant, foretells that she will mourn the loss of her lover by death or desertion. To dream of a disaster at sea, denotes unhappiness to sailors and loss of their gains. To others, it signifies loss by death; but if you dream that you are rescued, you will be placed in trying situations, but will come out unscathed. To dream of a railway wreck in which you are not a participant, you will eventually be interested in some accident because of some relative or friend being hurt, or you will have trouble of a business character. Disease. To dream that you are diseased, denotes a slight attack of illness, or of unpleasant dealings with a relative. For a young woman to dream that she is incurably diseased, denotes that she will be likely to lead a life of single blessedness. Disgrace. To be worried in your dream over the disgraceful conduct of children or friends, will bring you unsatisfying hopes, and worries will harass you. To be in disgrace yourself, denotes that you will hold morality at a low rate, and you are in danger of lowering your reputation for uprightness. Enemies are also shadowing you. Dish. To dream of handling dishes, denotes good fortune; but if from any cause they should be broken, this signifies that fortune will be short-lived for you. To see shelves of polished dishes, denotes success in marriage. To dream of dishes, is prognostic of coming success and gain, and you will be able to fully appreciate your good luck. Soiled dishes, represent dissatisfaction and an unpromising future. See Crockery Disinherited. To dream that you are disinherited, warns you to look well to your business and social standing. For a young man to dream of losing his inheritance by disobedience, warns him that he will find favor in the eyes of his parents by contracting a suitable marriage. For a woman, this dream is a warning to be careful of her conduct, lest she meet with unfavorable fortune. Dispute. To dream of holding disputes over trifles, indicates bad health and unfairness in judging others. To dream of disputing with learned people, shows that you have some latent ability, but are a little sluggish in developing it. Distaff. To dream of a distaff, denotes frugality, with pleasant surroundings. It also signifies that a devotional spirit will be cultivated by you. Distance. To dream of being a long way from your residence, denotes that you will make a journey soon in which you may meet many strangers who will be instrumental in changing life from good to bad. To dream of friends at a distance, denotes slight disappointments. To dream of distance, signifies travel and a long journey. To see men plowing with oxen at a distance, across broad fields, denotes advancing prosperity and honor. For a man to see strange women in the twilight, at a distance, and throwing kisses to him, foretells that he will enter into an engagement with a new acquaintance, which will result in unhappy exposures. Ditch. To dream of falling in a ditch, denotes degradation and personal loss; but if you jump over it, you will live down any suspicion of wrong-doing. Diving. To dream of diving in clear water, denotes a favorable termination of some embarrassment. If the water is muddy, you will suffer anxiety at the turn your affairs seem to be taking. To see others diving, indicates pleasant companions. For lovers to dream of diving, denotes the consummation of happy dreams and passionate love. Dividend. To dream of dividends, augments successful speculations or prosperous harvests. To fail in securing hoped-for dividends, proclaims failure in management or love affairs. Divining Rods. To see a divining rod in your dreams, foretells ill luck will dissatisfy you with present surroundings. Divorce. To dream of being divorced, denotes that you are not satisfied with your companion, and should cultivate a more congenial atmosphere in the home life. It is a dream of warning. For women to dream of divorce, denotes that a single life may be theirs through the infidelity of lovers. Docks. To dream of being on docks, denotes that you are about to make an unpropitious journey. Accidents will threaten you. If you are there, wandering alone, and darkness overtakes you, you will meet with deadly enemies, but if the sun be shining, you will escape threatening dangers. Doctor. This is a most auspicious dream, denoting good health and general prosperity, if you meet him socially, for you will not then spend your money for his services. If you be young and engaged to marry him, then this dream warns you of deceit. To dream of a doctor professionally, signifies discouraging illness and disagreeable differences between members of a family. To dream that a doctor makes an incision in your flesh, trying to discover blood, but failing in his efforts, denotes that you will be tormented and injured by some evil person, who may try to make you pay out money for his debts. If he finds blood, you will be the loser in some transaction. Dogs. To dream of a vicious dog, denotes enemies and unalterable misfortune. To dream that a dog fondles you, indicates great gain and constant friends. To dream of owning a dog with fine qualities, denotes that you will be possessed of solid wealth. To dream that a blood-hound is tracking you, you are likely to fall into some temptation, in which there is much danger of your downfall. To dream of small dogs, indicates that your thoughts and chief pleasures are of a frivolous order. To dream of dogs biting you, foretells for you a quarrelsome companion either in marriage or business. Lean, filthy dogs, indicate failure in business, also sickness among children. To dream of a dog-show, is indicative of many and varied favors from fortune. To hear the barking of dogs, foretells news of a depressing nature. Difficulties are more than likely to follow. To see dogs on the chase of foxes, and other large game, denotes an unusual briskness in all affairs. To see fancy pet dogs, signifies a love of show, and that the owner is selfish and narrow. For a young woman, this dream foretells a fop for a sweetheart. To feel much fright upon seeing a large mastiff, denotes that you will experience inconvenience because of efforts to rise above mediocrity. If a woman dreams this, she will marry a wise and humane man. To hear the growling and snarling of dogs, indicates that you are at the mercy of designing people, and you will be afflicted with unpleasant home surroundings. To hear the lonely baying of a dog, foretells a death or a long separation from friends. To hear dogs growling and fighting, portends that you will be overcome by your enemies, and your life will be filled with depression. To see dogs and cats seemingly on friendly terms, and suddenly turning on each other, showing their teeth and a general fight ensuing, you will meet with disaster in love and worldly pursuits, unless you succeed in quelling the row. If you dream of a friendly white dog approaching you, it portends for you a victorious engagement whether in business or love. For a woman, this is an omen of an early marriage. To dream of a many-headed dog, you are trying to maintain too many branches of business at one time. Success always comes with concentration of energies. A man who wishes to succeed in anything should be warned by this dream. To dream of a mad dog, your most strenuous efforts will not bring desired results, and fatal disease may be clutching at your vitals. If a mad dog succeeds in biting you, it is a sign that you or some loved one is on the verge of insanity, and a deplorable tragedy may occur. To dream of traveling alone, with a dog following you, foretells stanch friends and successful undertakings. To dream of dogs swimming, indicates for you an easy stretch to happiness and fortune. To dream that a dog kills a cat in your presence, is significant of profitable dealings and some unexpected pleasure. For a dog to kill a snake in your presence, is an omen of good luck Dolphin. To dream of a dolphin, indicates your liability to come under a new government. It is not a very good dream. Dome. To dream that you are in the dome of a building, viewing a strange landscape, signifies a favorable change in your life. You will occupy honorable places among strangers. To behold a dome from a distance, portends that you will never reach the height of your ambition, and if you are in love, the object of your desires will scorn your attention. Dominoes. To dream of playing at dominoes, and lose, you will be affronted by a friend, and much uneasiness for your safety will be entertained by your people, as you will not be discreet in your affairs with women or other matters that engage your attention. If you are the winner of the game, it foretells that you will be much courted and admired by certain dissolute characters, bringing you selfish pleasures, but much distress to your relatives. Donkey. To dream of a donkey braying in your face, denotes that you are about to be publicly insulted by a lewd and unscrupulous person. To hear the distant braying filling space with melancholy, you will receive wealth and release from unpleasant bonds by the death of some person close to you. If you see yourself riding on a donkey, you will visit foreign lands and make many explorations into places difficult of passage. To see others riding donkeys, denotes a meagre inheritance for them and a toiling life. To dream of seeing many of the old patriarchs traveling on donkeys, shows that the influence of Christians will be thrown against you in your selfish wantonness, causing you to ponder over the rights and duties of man to man. To drive a donkey, signifies that all your energies and pluck will be brought into play against a desperate effort on the part of enemies to overthrow you. If you are in love, evil women will cause you trouble. If you are kicked by this little animal, it shows that you are carrying on illicit connections, from which you will suffer much anxiety from fear of betrayal. If you lead one by a halter, you will be master of every situation, and lead women into your way of seeing things by flattery. To see children riding and driving donkeys, signifies health and obedience for them. To fall or be thrown from one, denotes ill luck and disappointment in secular affairs. Lovers will quarrel and separate. To see one dead, denotes satiated appetites, resulting from licentious excesses. To dream of drinking the milk of a donkey, denotes that whimsical desires will be gratified, even to the displacement of important duties. If you see in your dreams a strange donkey among your stock, or on your premises, you will inherit some valuable effects. To dream of coming into the possession of a donkey by present, or buying, you will attain to enviable heights in the business or social world, and if single, will contract a congenial marriage. To dream of a white donkey, denotes an assured and lasting fortune, which will enable you to pursue the pleasures or studies that lie nearest your heart. For a woman, it signals entrance into that society for which she has long entertained the most ardent desire. Woman has in her composition those qualities, docility and stubbornness, which tallies with the same qualities in the donkey; both being supplied from the same storehouse, mother Nature; and consequently, they would naturally maintain an affinity, and the ugliest phase of the donkey in her dreams are nothing but womans nature being sounded for her warning, or vice versa when pleasure is just before her. Doomsday. To dream that you are living on, and looking forward to seeing doomsday, is a warning for you to give substantial and material affairs close attention, or you will find that the artful and scheming friends you are entertaining will have possession of what they desire from you, which is your wealth, and not your sentimentality. To a young woman, this dream encourages her to throw aside the attention of men above her in station and accept the love of an honest and deserving man near her. Door. To dream of entering a door, denotes slander, and enemies from whom you are trying in vain to escape. This is the same of any door, except the door of your childhood home. If it is this door you dream of entering, your days will be filled with plenty and congeniality. To dream of entering a door at night through the rain, denotes, to women, unpardonable escapades; to a man, it is significant of a drawing on his resources by unwarranted vice, and also foretells assignations. To see others go through a doorway, denotes unsuccessful attempts to get your affairs into a paying condition. It also means changes to farmers and the political world. To an author, it foretells that the reading public will reprove his way of stating facts by refusing to read his later works. To dream that you attempt to close a door, and it falls from its hinges, injuring some one, denotes that malignant evil threatens your friend through your unintentionally wrong advice. If you see another attempt to lock a door, and it falls from its hinges, you will have knowledge of some friends misfortune and be powerless to aid him. Door Bell. To dream you hear or ring a door bell, foretells unexpected tidings, or a hasty summons to business, or the bedtide of a sick relative. Doves. Dreaming of doves mating and building their nests, indicates peacefulness of the world and joyous homes where children render obedience, and mercy is extended to all. To hear the lonely, mournful voice of a dove, portends sorrow and disappointment through the death of one to whom you looked for aid. Often it portends the death of a father. To see a dead dove, is ominous of a separation of husband and wife, either through death or infidelity. To see white doves, denotes bountiful harvests and the utmost confidence in the loyalty of friends. To dream of seeing a flock of white doves, denotes peaceful, innocent pleasures, and fortunate developments in the future. If one brings you a letter, tidings of a pleasant nature from absent friends is intimated, also a lovers reconciliation is denoted. If the dove seems exhausted, a note of sadness will pervade the reconciliation, or a sad touch may be given the pleasant tidings by mention of an invalid friend; if of business, a slight drop may follow. If the letter bears the message that you are doomed, it foretells that a desperate illness, either your own or of a relative, may cause you financial misfortune. Dowry. To dream that you fail to receive a dowry, signifies penury and a cold world to depend on for a living. If you receive it, your expectations for the day will be fulfilled. The opposite may be expected if the dream is superinduced by the previous action of the waking mind. Dragon. To dream of a dragon, denotes that you allow yourself to be governed by your passions, and that you are likely to place yourself in the power of your enemies through those outbursts of sardonic tendencies. You should be warned by this dream to cultivate self-control. See Devil. Drama. To see a drama, signifies pleasant reunions with distant friends. To be bored with the performance of a drama, you will be forced to accept an uncongenial companion at some entertainment or secret affair. To write one, portends that you will be plunged into distress and debt, to be extricated as if by a miracle. Dram-drinking. To be given to dram-drinking in your dreams, omens ill-natured rivalry and contention for small possession. To think you have quit dram-drinking, or find that others have done so, shows that you will rise above present estate and rejoice in prosperity. Draw-knife. To see or use a draw-knife, portends unfulfiled hopes or desires. Some fair prospect will loom before you, only to go down in mistake and disappointment. Dressing. To think you are having trouble in dressing, while dreaming, means some evil persons will worry and detain you from places of amusement. If you cant get dressed in time for a train, you will have many annoyances through the carelessness of others. You should depend on your own efforts as far as possible, after these dreams, if you would secure contentment and full success. Drinking. For a woman to dream of hilarious drinking, denotes that she is engaging in affairs which may work to her discredit, though she may now find much pleasure in the same. If she dreams that she fails to drink clear water, though she uses her best efforts to do so, she will fail to enjoy some pleasure that is insinuatingly offered her. See Water. Driving. To dream of driving a carriage, signifies unjust criticism of your seeming extravagance. You will be compelled to do things which appear undignified. To dream of driving a public cab, denotes menial labor, with little chance for advancement. If it is a wagon, you will remain in poverty and unfortunate circumstances for some time. If you are driven in these conveyances by others, you will profit by superior knowledge of the world, and will always find some path through difficulties. If you are a man, you will, in affairs with women, drive your wishes to a speedy consummation. If a woman, you will hold mens hearts at low value after succeeding in getting a hold on them. See Cab or Carriage. Dromedary. To dream of a dromedary, denotes that you will be the recipient of unexpected beneficence, and will wear your new honors with dignity; you will dispense charity with a gracious hands. To lovers, this dream foretells congenial dispositions. Dropsy. To dream of being afflicted with the dropsy, denotes illness for a time, but from which you will recover with renewed vigor. To see others thus afflicted, denotes that you will hear from the absent shortly, and have tidings of their good health. Drouth. This is-an evil dream, denoting warring disputes between nations, and much bloodshed therefrom. Shipwrecks and land disasters will occur, and families will quarrel and separate; sickness will work damage also. Your affairs will go awry, as well. Drowning. To dream of drowning, denotes loss of property and life; but if you are rescued, you will rise from your present position to one of wealth and honor. To see others drowning, and you go to their relief, signifies that you will aid your friend to high places, and will bring deserved happiness to yourself. For a young woman to see her sweetheart drowned, denotes her bereavement by death. Drum. To hear the muffled beating of a drum, denotes that some absent friend is in distress and calls on you for aid. To see a drum, foretells amiability of character and a great aversion to quarrels and dissensions. It is an omen of prosperity to the sailor, the farmer and the tradesman alike. Drunk. This is an unfavorable dream if you are drunk on heavy liquors, indicating profligacy and loss of employment. You will be disgraced by stooping to forgery or theft. If drunk on wine, you will be fortunate in trade and love-making, and will scale exalted heights in literary pursuits. This dream is always the bearer of aesthetic experiences. To see others in a drunken condition, foretells for you, and probably others, unhappy states. Drunkenness in all forms is unreliable as a good dream. All classes are warned by this dream to shift their thoughts into more healthful channels. Ducks. To dream of seeing wild ducks on a clear stream of water, signifies fortunate journeys, perhaps across the sea. White ducks around a farm, indicate thrift and a fine harvest. To hunt ducks, denotes displacement in employment in the carrying out of plans. To see them shot, signifies that enemies are meddling with your private affairs. To see them flying, foretells a brighter future for you. It also denotes marriage, and children in the new home. Duet. To dream of hearing a duet played, denotes a peaceful and even existence for lovers. No quarrels, as is customary in this sort of thing. Business people carry on a mild rivalry. To musical people, this denotes competition and wrangling for superiority. To hear a duet sung, is unpleasant tidings from the absent; but this will not last, as some new pleasure will displace the unpleasantness. Dulcimer. To dream of a dulcimer, denotes that the highest wishes in life will be attained by exalted qualities of mind. To women, this is significant of a life free from those petty jealousies which usually make women unhappy. Dumb. To dream of being dumb, indicates your inability to persuade others into your mode of thinking, and using them for your profit by your glibness of tongue. To the dumb, it denotes false friends. Dun. To dream that you receive a dun, warns you to look after your affairs and correct all tendency towards neglect of business and love. Dungeon. To dream of being in a dungeon, foretells for you struggles with the vital affairs of life but by wise dealing you will disenthrall yourself of obstacles and the designs of enemies. For a woman this is a dark foreboding; by her wilful indiscretion she will lose her position among honorable people. To see a dungeon lighted up, portends that you are threatened with entanglements of which your better judgment warns you. Dunghill. To dream of a dunghill, you will see profits coming in through the most unexpected sources. To the farmer this is a lucky dream, indicating fine seasons and abundant products from soil and stock. For a young woman, it denotes that she will unknowingly marry a man of great wealth. Dusk. This is a dream of sadness; it portends an early decline and unrequited hopes. Dark outlook for trade and pursuits of any nature is prolonged by this dream. Dust. To dream of dust covering you, denotes that you will be slightly injured in business by the failure of others. For a young woman, this denotes that she will be set aside by her lover for a newer flame. If you free yourself of the dust by using judicious measures, you will clear up the loss. Dwarf. This is a very favorable dream. If the dwarf is well formed and pleasing in appearance, it omens you will never be dwarfed in mind or stature. Health and good constitution will admit of your engaging in many profitable pursuits both of mind and body. To see your friends dwarfed, denotes their health, and you will have many pleasures through them. Ugly and hideous dwarfs, always forebodes distressing states. Dye. To see the dyeing of cloth or garments in process, your bad or good luck depends on the color. Blues, reds and gold, indicate prosperity; black and white, indicate sorrow in all forms. Dying. To dream of dying, foretells that you are threatened with evil from a source that has contributed to your former advancement and enjoyment. To see others dying, forebodes general ill luck to you and to your friends. To dream that you are going to die, denotes that unfortunate inattention to your affairs will depreciate their value. Illness threatens to damage you also. To see animals in the throes of death, denotes escape from evil influences if the animal be wild or savage. It is an unlucky dream to see domestic animals dying or in agony. [As these events of good or ill approach you they naturally assume these forms of agonizing death, to impress you more fully with the joyfulness or the gravity of the situation you are about to enter on awakening to material responsibilities, to aid you in the mastery of self which is essential to meeting all conditions with calmness and determination.] See Death. Dynamite. To see dynamite in a dream, is a sign of approaching change and the expanding of ones affairs. To be frightened by it, indicates that a secret enemy is at work against you, and if you are not careful of your conduct he will disclose himself at an unexpected and helpless moment. Dynamo. To dream of a dynamo, omens successful enterprises if attention is shown to details of business. One out of repair, shows you are nearing enemies who will involve you in trouble. E. And he said, hear now my words, if there be a Prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream.Numbers xii., 6. Eagles. To see one soaring above you, denotes lofty ambitions which you will struggle fiercely to realize, nevertheless you will gain your desires. To see one perched on distant heights, denotes that you will possess fame, wealth and the highest position attainable in your country. To see young eagles in their eyrie, signifies your association with people of high standing, and that you will profit from wise counsel from them. You will in time come into a rich legacy. To dream that you kill an eagle, portends that no obstacles whatever would be allowed to stand before you and the utmost heights of your ambition. You will overcome your enemies and be possessed of untold wealth. Eating the flesh of one, denotes the possession of a powerful will that would not turn aside in ambitious struggles even for death. You will come immediately into rich possessions. To see a dead eagle killed by others than yourself, signifies high rank and fortune will be wrested from you ruthlessly. To ride on an eagles back, denotes that you will make a long voyage into almost unexplored countries in your search for knowledge and wealth which you will eventually gain. Ears. To dream of seeing ears, an evil and designing person is keeping watch over your conversation to work you harm. Earrings. To see earrings in dreams, omens good news and interesting work is before you. To see them broken, indicates that gossip of a low order will be directed against you. Earthquake. To see or feel the earthquake in your dream, denotes business failure and much distress caused from turmoils and wars between nations. Earwig. To dream that you see an earwig or have one in your ear, denotes that you will have unpleasant news affecting your business or family relations. Eating. To dream of eating alone, signifies loss and melancholy spirits. To eat with others, denotes personal gain, cheerful environments and prosperous undertakings. If your daughter carries away the platter of meat before you are done eating, it foretells that you will have trouble and vexation from those beneath you or dependent upon you. The same would apply to a waiter or waitress. See other subjects similar. Ebony. If you dream of ebony furniture or other articles of ebony, you will have many distressing disputes and quarrels in your home. Echo. To dream of an echo, portends that distressful times are upon you. Your sickness may lose you your employment, and friends will desert you in time of need. Eclipse. To dream of the eclipse of the sun, denotes temporary failure in business and other secular affairs, also disturbances in families. The eclipse of the moon, portends contagious disease or death. Ecstasy. To dream of feeling ecstasy, denotes you will enjoy a visit from a long-absent friend. If you experience ecstasy in disturbing dreams you will be subjected to sorrow and disappointment. Education. To dream that you are anxious to obtain an education, shows that whatever your circumstances in life may be there will be a keen desire for knowledge on your part, which will place you on a higher plane than your associates. Fortune will also be more lenient to you. To dream that you are in places of learning, foretells for you many influential friends. Eel. To dream of an eel is good if you can maintain your grip on him. Otherwise fortune will be fleeting. To see an eel in clear water, denotes, for a woman, new but evanescent pleasures. To see a dead eel, signifies that you will overcome your most maliciously inclined enemies. To lovers, the dream denotes an end to long and hazardous courtship by marriage. Eggs. To dream of finding a nest of eggs, denotes wealth of a substantial character, happiness among the married and many children. This dream signifies many and varied love affairs to women. To eat eggs, denotes that unusual disturbances threaten you in your home. To see broken eggs and they are fresh, fortune is ready to shower upon you her richest gifts. A lofty spirit and high regard for justice will make you beloved by the world. To dream of rotten eggs, denotes loss of property and degradation. To see a crate of eggs, denotes that you will engage in profitable speculations. To dream of being spattered with eggs, denotes that you will sport riches of doubtful origin. To see bird eggs, signifies legacies from distant relations, or gain from an unexpected rise in staple products. Elbows. To see elbows in a dream, signifies that arduous labors will devolve upon you, and for which you will receive small reimbursements. For a young woman, this is a prognostic of favorable opportunities to make a reasonably wealthy marriage. If the elbows are soiled, she will lose a good chance of securing a home by marriage. Elderberries. To dream of seeing elderberries on bushes with their foliage, denotes domestic bliss and an agreeable county home with resources for travel and other pleasures. Elderberries is generally a good dream. Election. To dream that you are at an election, foretells you will engage in some controversy which will prove detrimental to your social or financial standing. Electricity. To dream of electricity, denotes there will be sudden changes about you, which will not afford you either advancement or pleasure. If you are shocked by it you will face a deplorable danger. To see live electrical wire, foretells that enemies will disturb your plans, which have given you much anxiety in forming. To dream that you can send a package or yourself out over a wire with the same rapidity that a message can be sent, denotes you will finally overcome obstacles and be able to use your enemies plans to advance yourself. Elephant. To dream of riding an elephant, denotes that you will possess wealth of the most solid character, and honors which you will wear with dignity. You will rule absolutely in all lines of your business affairs and your word will be law in the home. To see many elephants, denotes tremendous prosperity. One lone elephant, signifies you will live in a small but solid way. To dream of feeding one, denotes that you will elevate yourself in your community by your kindness to those occupying places below you. Elevator. To dream of ascending in an elevator, denotes you will swiftly rise to position and wealth, but if you descend in one your misfortunes will crush and discourage you. If you see one go down and think you are left, you will narrowly escape disappointment in some undertaking. To see one standing, foretells threatened danger. Elixir of Life. To dream of the elixir of life, denotes that there will come into your environments new pleasures and new possibilities. Elopement. To dream of eloping is unfavorable. To the married, it denotes that you hold places which you are unworthy to fill, and if your ways are not rectified your reputation will be at stake. To the unmarried, it foretells disappointments in love and the unfaithfulness of men. To dream that your lover has eloped with some one else, denotes his or her unfaithfulness. To dream of your friend eloping with one whom you do not approve, denotes that you will soon hear of them contracting a disagreeable marriage. Eloquent. If you think you are eloquent of speech in your dreams, there will be pleasant news for you concerning one in whose interest you are working. To fail in impressing others with your eloquence, there will be much disorder in your affairs. Embalming. To see embalming in process, foretells altered positions in social life and threatened poverty. To dream that you are looking at yourself embalmed, omens unfortunate friendships for you, which will force you into lower classes than you are accustomed to move in. Embankment. To dream that you drive along an embankment, foretells you will be threatened with trouble and unhappiness. If you continue your drive without unpleasant incidents arising, you will succeed in turning these forebodings to useful account in your advancement. To ride on horseback along one, denotes you will fearlessly meet and overcome all obstacles in your way to wealth and happiness. To walk along one, you will have a weary struggle for elevation, but will &ally reap a successful reward. Embarrassment. See Difficulty. Embrace. To dream of embracing your husband or wife, as the case may be, in a sorrowing or indifferent way, denotes that you will have dissensions and accusations in your family, also that sickness is threatened. To embrace relatives, signifies their sickness and unhappiness. For lovers to dream of embracing, foretells quarrels and disagreements arising from infidelity. If these dreams take place under auspicious conditions, the reverse may be expected. If you embrace a stranger, it signifies that you will have an unwelcome guest. Embroidery. If a woman dreams of embroidering, she will be admired for her tact and ability to make the best of everything that comes her way. For a married man to see embroidery, signifies a new member in his household, For a lover, this denotes a wise and economical wife. Emerald. To dream of an emerald, you will inherit property concerning which there will be some trouble with others. For a lover to see an emerald or emeralds on the person of his affianced, warns him that he is about to be discarded for some wealthier suitor. To dream that you buy an emerald, signifies unfortunate dealings. Emperor. To dream of going abroad and meeting the emperor of a nation in your travels, denotes that you will make a long journey, which will bring neither pleasure nor much knowledge. Employee. To see one of your employees denotes crosses and disturbances if he assumes a disagreeable or offensive attitude. If he is pleasant and has communications of interest, you will find no cause for evil or embarrassing conditions upon waking. Employment. This is not an auspicious dream. It implies depression in business circles and loss of employment to wage earners. It also denotes bodily illness. To dream of being out of work, denotes that you will have no fear, as you are always sought out for your conscientious fulfilment of contracts, which make you a desired help. Giving employment to others, indicates loss for yourself. All dreams of this nature may be interpreted as the above. Empress. To dream of an empress, denotes that you will be exalted to high honors, but you will let pride make you very unpopular. To dream of an empress and an emperor is not particularly bad, but brings one no substantial good. Enchantment. To dream of being under the spell of enchantment, denotes that if you are not careful you will be exposed to some evil in the form of pleasure. The young should heed the benevolent advice of their elders. To resist enchantment, foretells that you will be much sought after for your wise counsels and your liberality. To dream of trying to enchant others, portends that you will fall into evil. Encyclopedia. To dream of seeing or searching through encyclopedias, portends that you will secure literary ability to the losing of prosperity and comfort. Enemy. To dream that you overcome enemies, denotes that you will surmount all difficulties in business, and enjoy the greatest prosperity. If you are defamed by your enemies, it denotes that you will be threatened with failures in your work. You will be wise to use the utmost caution in proceeding in affairs of any moment. To overcome your enemies in any form, signifies your gain. For them to get the better of you is ominous of adverse fortunes. This dream may be literal. Engagement. To dream of a business engagement, denotes dulness and worries in trade. For young people to dream that they are engaged, denotes that they will not be much admired. To dream of breaking an engagement, denotes a hasty, and an unwise action in some important matter or disappointments may follow. Engine. To dream of an engine, denotes you will encounter grave difficulties and journeys, but you will have substantial friends to uphold you. Disabled engines stand for misfortune and loss of relatives. Engineer. To see an engineer, forebodes weary journeys but joyful reunions. English. To dream, if you are a foreigner, of meeting English people, denotes that you will have to suffer through the selfish designs of others. Entertainment. To dream of an entertainment where there is music and dancing, you will have pleasant tidings of the absent, and enjoy health and prosperity. To the young, this is a dream of many and varied pleasures and the high regard of friends. Entrails. To dream of the human entrails, denotes horrible misery and despair, shutting out all hope of happiness. To dream of the entrails of a wild beast, signifies the overthrow of your mortal enemy. To tear the entrails of another, signifies cruel persecutions to further your own interests. To dream of your own entrails, the deepest despair will overwhelm you. To dream of the entrails of your own child, denotes that the childs, or your own, dissolution is at hand. See Intestines. Envelope. Envelopes seen in a dream, omens news of a sorrowful cast. Envy. To dream that you entertain envy for others, denotes that you will make warm friends by your unselfish deference to the wishes of others. If you dream of being envied by others, it denotes that you will suffer some inconvenience from friends overanxious to please you. Epaulet. For a man to dream of wearing epaulets, if he is a soldier, denotes his disfavor for a time, but he will finally wear honors. For a woman to dream that she is introduced to a person wearing epaulets, denotes that she will form unwise attachments, very likely to result in scandal. Epicure. To dream of sitting at the table with an epicure, denotes that you will enjoy some fine distinction, but you will be surrounded by people of selfish principles. To dream that you an epicure yourself, you will cultivate your mind, body and taste to the highest polish. For a woman to dream of trying to satisfy an epicure, signifies that she will have a distinguished husband, but to her he will be a tyrant. Epidemic. To dream of an epidemic, signifies prostration of mental faculties and worry from distasteful tasks. Contagion among relatives or friends is foretold by dreams of this nature. Ermine. To dream that you wear this beautiful and costly raiment, denotes exaltation, lofty character and wealth forming a barrier to want and misery. To see others thus clothed, you will be associated with wealthy people, polished in literature and art. For a lover to see his sweetheart clothed in ermine, is an omen of purity and faithfulness. If the ermine is soiled, the reverse is indicated. Errands. To go on errands in your dreams, means congenial associations and mutual agreement in the home circle. For a young woman to send some person on an errand, denotes she will lose her lover by her indifference to meet his wishes. Escape. To dream of escape from injury or accidents, is usually favorable. If you escape from some place of confinement, it signifies your rise in the world from close application to business. To escape from any contagion, denotes your good health and prosperity. If you try to escape and fail, you will suffer from the design of enemies, who will slander and defraud you. Estate. To dream that you come into the ownership of a vast estate, denotes that you will receive a legacy at some distant day, but quite different to your expectations. For a young woman, this dream portends that her inheritance will be of a disappointing nature. She will have to live quite frugally, as her inheritance will be a poor man and a house full of children. Europe. To dream of traveling in Europe, foretells that you will soon go on a long journey, which will avail you in the knowledge you gain of the manners and customs of foreign people. You will also be enabled to forward your financial standing. For a young woman to feel that she is disappointed with the sights of Europe, omens her inability to appreciate chances for her elevation. She will be likely to disappoint her friends or lover. Eve. To dream of this ancient character, denotes your hesitancy to accept this ancient story as authentic, and you may encounter opposition in business and social circles because of this doubt. For a young woman to dream that she impersonates Eve, warns her to be careful. She may be wiser than her ancient relative, but the Evil One still has powerful agents in the disguise of a handsome man. Keep your eye on innocent Eve, young man. That apple tree still bears fruit, and you may be persuaded, unwittingly, to share the wealth of its products. Evening. To dream that evening is about you, denotes unrealized hopes, and you will make unfortunate ventures. To see stars shining out clear, denotes present distress, but brighter fortune is behind your trouble. For lovers to walk in the evening, denotes separation by the death of one. Evergreen. This dream denotes boundless resources of wealth, happiness and learning. It is a free presentiment of prosperity to all classes. Exchange. Exchange, denotes profitable dealings in all classes of business. For a young woman to dream that she is exchanging sweethearts with her friend, indicates that she will do well to heed this as advice, as she would be happier with another. Execution. To dream of seeing an execution, signifies that you will suffer some misfortune from the carelessness of others. To dream that you are about to be executed, and some miraculous intervention occurs, denotes that you will overthrow enemies and succeed in gaining wealth. Exile. For a woman to dream that she is exiled, denotes that she will have to make a journey which will interfere with some engagement or pleasure. See Banishment. Explosion. To dream of explosions, portends that disapproving actions of those connected with you will cause you transient displeasure and loss, and that business will also displease you. To think your face, or the face of others, is blackened or mutilated, signifies you will be accused of indiscretion which will be unjust, though circumstances may convict you. To see the air filled with smoke and debris, denotes unusual dissatisfaction in business circles and much social antagonism. To think you are enveloped in the flames, or are up in the air where you have been blown by an explosion, foretells that unworthy friends will infringe on your rights and will abuse your confidence. Young women should be careful of associates of the opposite sex after a dream of this character. Eye. To dream of seeing an eye, warns you that watchful enemies are seeking the slightest chance to work injury to your business. This dream indicates to a lover, that a rival will usurp him if he is not careful. To dream of brown eyes, denotes deceit and perfidy. To see blue eyes, denotes weakness in carrying out any intention. To see gray eyes, denotes a love of flattery for the owner. To dream of losing an eye, or that the eyes are sore, denotes trouble. To see a one-eyed man, denotes that you will be threatened with loss and trouble, beside which all others will appear insignificant. Eyebrows. Eyebrows, denotes that you will encounter sinister obstacles in your immediate future. Eyeglass. To dream of seeing or wearing an eyeglass, denotes you will be afflicted with disagreeable friendships, from which you will strive vainly to disengage yourself. For a young woman to see her lover with an eyeglass on, omens disruption of love affairs. F. In Gideon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night. 1st Kings iii, 5. Fables. To dream of reading or telling fables, denotes pleasant tasks and a literary turn of mind. To the young, it signifies romantic attachments. To hear, or tell, religious fables, denotes that the dreamer will become very devotional. Face. This dream is favorable if you see happy and bright faces, but significant of trouble if they are disfigured, ugly, or frowning on you. To a young person, an ugly face foretells lovers quarrels; or for a lover to see the face of his sweetheart looking old, denotes separation and the breaking up of happy associations. To see a strange and weird-looking face, denotes that enemies and misfortunes surround you. To dream of seeing your own face, denotes unhappiness; and to the married, threats of divorce will be made. To see your face in a mirror, denotes displeasure with yourself for not being able to carry out plans for self-advancement. You will also lose the esteem of friends. Fagot. If you dream of seeing a dense smoke ascending from a pile of fagots, it denotes that enemies are bearing down upon you, but if the fagots are burning brightly, you will escape from all unpleasant complications and enjoy great prosperity. If you walk on burning fagots, you will be injured by the unwise actions of friends. If you succeed in walking on them without being burned, you will have a miraculous rise in prospects. To dream of seeing fagots piled up to burn you at the stake, signifies that you are threatened with loss, but if you escape, you will enjoy a long and prosperous life. Failure. For a lover, this is sometimes of contrary significance. To dream that he fails in his suit, signifies that he only needs more masterfulness and energy in his daring, as he has already the love and esteem of his sweetheart. Contrary dreams are those in which the dreamer suffers fear, and not injury. For a young woman to dream that her life is going to be a failure, denotes that she is not applying her opportunities to good advantage. For a business man to dream that he has made a failure, forebodes loss and bad management, which should be corrected, or failure threatens to materialize in earnest. Fainting. To dream of fainting, signifies illness in your family and unpleasant news of the absent. If a young woman dreams of fainting, it denotes that she will fall into ill health and experience disappointment from her careless way of living. Fair. To dream of being at a fair, denotes that you will have a pleasant and profitable business and a congenial companion. For a young woman, this dream signifies a jovial and even-tempered man for a life partner. Fairy. To dream of a fairy, is a favorable omen to all classes, as it is always a scene with a beautiful face portrayed as a happy child, or woman. Faithless. To dream that your friends are faithless, denotes that they will hold you in worthy esteem. For a lover to dream that his sweetheart is faithless, signifies a happy marriage. Fakir. To dream of an Indian fakir, denotes uncommon activity and phenomenal changes in your life. Such dreams may sometimes be of gloomy import. Falcon. To dream of a falcon, denotes that your prosperity will make you an object of envy and malice. For a young woman, this dream denotes that she will be calumniated by a rival. Fall. To dream that you sustain a fall, and are much frightened, denotes that you will undergo some great struggle, but will eventually rise to honor and wealth; but if you are injured in the fall, you will encounter hardships and loss of friends. Fame. To dream of being famous, denotes disappointed aspirations. To dream of famous people, portends your rise from obscurity to places of honor. Famine. To dream of a famine, foretells that your business will be unremunerative and sickness will prove a scourge. This dream is generally bad. If you see your enemies perishing by famine, you will be successful in competition. If dreams of famine should break in wild confusion over slumbers, tearing up all heads in anguish, filling every soul with care, hauling down Hopes banners, somber with omens of misfortune and despair, your waking grief more poignant still must grow ere you quench ambition and en{??}y{envy??} overthrow. Famish. To dream that you are famishing, foretells that you are meeting disheartening failure in some enterprise which you considered a promising success. To see others famishing, brings sorrow to others as well as to yourself. Family. To dream of ones family as harmonious and happy, is significant of health and easy circumstances; but if there is sickness or contentions, it forebodes gloom and disappointment. Fan. To see a fan in your dreams, denotes pleasant news and surprises are awaiting you in the near future. For a young woman to dream of fanning herself, or that some one is fanning her, gives promise of a new and pleasing acquaintances; if she loses an old fan, she will find that a warm friend is becoming interested in other women. Farewell. To dream of bidding farewell, is not very favorable, as you are likely to hear unpleasant news of absent friends. For a young woman to bid her lover farewell, portends his indifference to her. If she feels no sadness in this farewell, she will soon find others to comfort her. Farm. To dream that you are living on a farm, denotes that you will be fortunate in all undertakings. To dream that you are buying a farm, denotes abundant crops to the farmer, a profitable deal of some kind to the business man, and a safe voyage to travelers and sailors. If you are visiting a farm, it signifies pleasant associations. See Estate. Fat. To dream that you are getting fat, denotes that you are about to make a fortunate change in your life. To see others fat, signifies prosperity. See Corpulent. Fates. To dream of the fates, unnecessary disagreements and unhappiness is foretold. For a young woman to dream of juggling with fate, denotes she will daringly interpose herself between devoted friends or lovers. Father. To dream of your father, signifies that you are about to be involved in a difficulty, and you will need wise counsel if you extricate yourself therefrom. If he is dead, it denotes that your business is pulling heavily, and you will have to use caution in conducting it. For a young woman to dream of her dead father, portends that her lover will, or is, playing her false. Father-in-law. To dream of your father-in-law, denotes contentions with friends or relatives. To see him well and cheerful, foretells pleasant family relations. Fatigue. To feel fatigued in a dream, foretells ill health or oppression in business. For a young woman to see others fatigued, indicates discouraging progress in health. Favor. To dream that you ask favors of anyone, denotes that you will enjoy abundance, and that you will not especially need anything. To grant favors, means a loss. Fawn. To dream of seeing a fawn, denotes that you will have true and upright friends. To the young, it indicates faithfulness in love. To dream that a person fawns on you, or cajoles you, is a warning that enemies are about you in the guise of interested friends. See Deer. Fears. To dream that you feel fear from any cause, denotes that your future engagements will not prove so successful as was expected. For a young woman, this dream forebodes disappointment and unfortunate love. Feast. To dream of a feast, foretells that pleasant surprises are being planned for you. To see disorder or misconduct at a feast, foretells quarrels or unhappiness through the negligence or sickness of some person. To arrive late at a feast, denotes that vexing affairs will occupy you. Feather. To dream of seeing feathers falling around you, denotes that your burdens in life will be light and easily borne. To see eagle feathers, denotes that your aspirations will be realized. To see chicken feathers, denotes small annoyances. To dream of buying or selling geese or duck feathers, denotes thrift and fortune. To dream of black feathers, denotes disappointments and unhappy amours. For a woman to dream of seeing ostrich and other ornamental feathers, denotes that she will advance in society, but her ways of gaining favor will not bear imitating. February. To dream of February, denotes continued ill health and gloom, generally. If you happen to see a bright sunshiny day in this month, you will be unexpectedly and happily surprised with some good fortune. Feeble. To dream of being feeble, denotes unhealthy occupation and mental worry. Seek to make a change for yourself after this dream. Feet. To dream of seeing your own feet, is omnious{sic} of despair. You will be overcome by the will and temper of another. To see others feet, denotes that you will maintain your rights in a pleasant, but determined way, and win for yourself a place above the common walks of life. To dream that you wash your feet, denotes that you will let others take advantage of you. To dream that your feet are hurting you, portends troubles of a humiliating character, as they usually are family quarrels. To see your feet swollen and red, you will make a sudden change in your business by separating from your family. This is an evil dream, as it usually foretells scandal and sensation. Fence. To dream of climbing to the top of a fence, denotes that success will crown your efforts. To fall from a fence, signifies that you will undertake a project for which you are incapable, and you will see your efforts come to naught. To be seated on a fence with others, and have it fall under you, denotes an accident in which some person will be badly injured. To dream that you climb through a fence, signifies that you will use means not altogether legitimate to reach your desires. To throw the fence down and walk into the other side, indicates that you will, by enterprise and energy, overcome the stubbornest barriers between you and success. To see stock jumping a fence, if into your enclosure, you will receive aid from unexpected sources; if out of your lot, loss in trade and other affairs may follow. To dream of building a fence, denotes that you are, by economy and industry, laying a foundation for future wealth. For a young woman, this dream denotes success in love affairs; or the reverse, if she dreams of the fence falling, or that she falls from it. Ferns. To see ferns in dreams, foretells that pleasant hours will break up gloomy forebodings. To see them withered, indicates that much and varied illness in your family connections will cause you grave unrest. Ferry. To wait at a ferry for a boat and see the waters swift and muddy, you will be baffled in your highest wishes and designs by unforeseen circumstances. To cross a ferry while the water is calm and clear, you will be very lucky in carrying out your plans, and fortune will crown you. Festival. To dream of being at a festival, denotes indifference to the cold realities of life, and a love for those pleasures that make one old before his time. You will never want, but will be largely dependent on others. Fever. To dream that you are stricken with this malady, signifies that you are worrying over trifling affairs while the best of life is slipping past you, and you should pull yourself into shape and engage in profitable work. To dream of seeing some of your family sick with fever, denotes temporary illness for some of them. See Illness. Fiddle. To dream of a fiddle, foretells harmony in the home and many joyful occasions abroad. See Violin. Field. To dream of dead corn or stubble fields, indicates to the dreamer dreary prospects for the future. To see green fields, or ripe with corn or grain, denotes great abundance and happiness to all classes. To see newly plowed fields, denotes early rise in wealth and fortunate advancement to places of honor. To see fields freshly harrowed and ready for planting, denotes that you are soon to benefit by your endeavor and long struggles for success. See Cornfields and Wheat. Fiend. To dream that you encounter a fiend, forbodes reckless living and loose morals. For a woman, this dream signifies a blackened reputation. To dream of a fiend, warns you of attacks to be made on you by false friends. If you overcome one, you will be able to intercept the evil designs of enemies. Fife. To dream of hearing a fife, denotes that there will be an unexpected call on you to defend your honor, or that of some person near to you. To dream that you play one yourself, indicates that whatever else may be said of you, your reputation will remain intact. If a woman has this dream, she will have a soldier husband. Fight. To dream that you engage in a fight, denotes that you will have unpleasant encounters with your business opponents, and law suits threaten you. To see fighting, denotes that you are squandering your time and money. For women, this dream is a warning against slander and gossip. For a young woman to see her lover fighting, is a sign of his unworthiness. To dream that you are defeated in a fight, signifies that you will lose your right to property. To whip your assailant, denotes that you will, by courage and perseverance, win honor and wealth in spite of opposition. To dream that you see two men fighting with pistols, denotes many worries and perplexities, while no real loss is involved in the dream, yet but small profit is predicted and some unpleasantness is denoted. To dream that you are on your way home and negroes attack you with razors, you will be disappointed in your business, you will be much vexed with servants, and home associations will be unpleasant. To dream that you are fighting negroes, you will be annoyed by them or by some one of low character. Figs. Figs, signifies a malarious condition of the system, if you are eating them, but usually favorable to health and profit if you see them growing. For a young woman to see figs growing, signifies that she will soon wed a wealthy and prominent man. Figure. To dream of figures, indicates great mental distress and wrong. You will be the loser in a big deal if not careful of your actions and conversation. Filbert. This is a favorable dream, denoting a peaceful and harmonious domestic life and profitable business ventures. To dream of eating them, signifies to the young, delightful associations and many true friends. File. To dream that you see a file, signifies that you will transact some business which will prove unsatisfactory in the extreme. To see files, to store away bills and other important papers, foretells animated discussions over subjects which bear relation to significant affairs, and which will cause you much unrest and disquiet. Unfavorable predictions for the future are also implied in this dream. Fingers. To dream of seeing your fingers soiled or scratched, with the blood exuding, denotes much trouble and suffering. You will despair of making your way through life. To see beautiful hands, with white fingers, denotes that your love will be requited and that you will become renowned for your benevolence. To dream that your fingers are cut clean off, you will lose wealth and a legacy by the intervention of enemies. Finger-nails. To dream of soiled finger-nails, forbodes disgrace in your family by the wild escapades of the young. To see well-kept nails, indicates scholarly tastes and some literary attainments; also, thrift. Fire. Fire is favorable to the dreamer if he does not get burned. It brings continued prosperity to seamen and voyagers, as well as to those on land. To dream of seeing your home burning, denotes a loving companion, obedient children, and careful servants. For a business man to dream that his store is burning, and he is looking on, foretells a great rush in business and profitable results. To dream that he is fighting fire and does not get burned, denotes that he will be much worked and worried as to the conduct of his business. To see the ruins of his store after a fire, forebodes ill luck. He will be almost ready to give up the effort of amassing a handsome fortune and a brilliant business record as useless, but some unforeseen good fortune will bear him up again. If you dream of kindling a fire, you may expect many pleasant surprises. You will have distant friends to visit. To see a large conflagration, denotes to sailors a profitable and safe voyage. To men of literary affairs, advancement and honors; to business people, unlimited success. Firebrand. To dream of a firebrand, denotes favorable fortune, if you are not burned or distressed by it. Fire Budget. To dream of a fire budget, denotes disagreement over small matters. Fire-engine. To see a fire-engine, denotes worry under extraordinary circumstances, but which will result in good fortune. To see one broken down, foretells accident or serious loss For a young woman to ride on one, denotes she will engage in some unladylike and obnoxious affair. Fireman. To see a fireman in your dreams, signifies the constancy of your friends. For a young woman to see a fireman crippled, or meet with an accident otherwise, implies grave danger is threatening a close friend. Fireworks. To see fireworks, indicates enjoyment and good health. For a young woman, this dream signifies entertainments and pleasant visiting to distant places. Firmament. To dream of the firmament filled with stars, denotes many crosses and almost superhuman efforts ere you reach the pinnacle of your ambition. Beware of the snare of enemies in your work. To see the firmament illuminated and filled with the heavenly hosts, denotes great spiritual research, but a final pulling back on Nature for sustenance and consolation. You will often be disappointed in fortune also. To see people you know in the firmament, signifies that they are about to commit some unwise act through you, and others must be the innocent sufferers. Great disasters usually follow this dream. See Illumination. Fish. To dream that you see fish in clear-water streams, denotes that you will be favored by the rich and powerful. Dead fish, signifies the loss of wealth and power through some dire calamity. For a young woman to dream of seeing fish, portends that she will have a handsome and talented lover. To dream of catching a catfish, denotes that you will be embarrassed by evil designs of enemies, but your luck and presence of mind will tide you safely over the trouble. To wade in water, catching fish, denotes that you will possess wealth acquired by your own ability and enterprise. To dream of fishing, denotes energy and economy; but if you do not succeed in catching any, your efforts to obtain honors and wealth will be futile. Eating fish, denotes warm and lasting attachments. Fisherman. To dream of a fisherman, denotes you are nearing times of greater prosperity than you have yet known. Fishhooks. To dream of fishhooks, denotes that you have opportunities to make for yourself a fortune and an honorable name if you rightly apply them. Fish Market. To visit a fish market in your dream, brings competence and pleasure. To see decayed fish, foretells distress will come in the guise of happiness. Fish-net. To dream of a fish-net, portends numerous small pleasures and gains. A torn one, represents vexatious disappointments. Fish-pond. To dream of a fish-pond, denotes illness through dissipation, if muddy. To see one clear and well stocked with fish, portends profitable enterprises and extensive pleasures. To see one empty, proclaims the near approach of deadly enemies. For a young woman to fall into a clear pond, omens decided good fortune and reciprocal love. If muddy, the opposite is foretold. Fits. To dream of having fits, denotes that you will fall a prey to ill health and will lose employment. To see others in this plight, denotes that you will have much unpleasantness in your circle, caused by quarrels from those under you. Flag. To dream of your national flag, portends victory if at war, and if at peace, prosperity. For a woman to dream of a flag, denotes that she will be ensnared by a soldier. To dream of foreign flags, denotes ruptures and breach of confidence between nations and friends. To dream of being signaled by a flag, denotes that you should be careful of your health and name, as both are threatened. Flame. To dream of fighting flames, foretells that you will have to put forth your best efforts and energy if you are successful in amassing wealth. See Fire. Flax. To see flax in a dream, prosperous enterprises are denoted. Flax Spinning. Flax spinning, foretells you will be given to industrious and thrifty habits. Fleas. To dream of fleas, indicates that you will be provoked to anger and retaliation by the evil machinations of those close to you. For a woman to dream that fleas bite her, foretells that she will be slandered by pretended friends. To see fleas on her lover, denotes inconstancy. Fleet. To see a large fleet moving rapidly in your dreams, denotes a hasty change in the business world. Where dulness oppressed, brisk workings of commercial wheels will go forward and some rumors of foreign wars will be heard. Flies. To dream of flies, denotes sickness and contagious maladies. Also that enemies surround you. To a young woman this dream is significant of unhappiness. If she kills or exterminates flies, she will reinstate herself in the love of her intended by her ingenuity. Flight. To dream of flight, signifies disgrace and unpleasant news of the absent. For a young woman to dream of flight, indicates that she has not kept her character above reproach, and her lover will throw her aside. To see anything fleeing from you, denotes that you will be victorious in any contention. Floating. To dream of floating, denotes that you will victoriously overcome obstacles which are seemingly overwhelming you. If the water is muddy your victories will not be gratifying. Floods. To dream of floods destroying vast areas of country and bearing you on with its muddy debris, denotes sickness, loss in business, and the most unhappy and unsettled situation in the marriage state. See Water. Flour. To dream of flour, denotes a frugal but happy life. For a young woman to dream that she sees flour on herself, denotes that she will be ruled by her husband, and that her life will be full of pleasant cares. To dream of dealing in flour, denotes hazardous speculations. Flower. To dream of seeing flowers blooming in gardens, signifies pleasure and gain, if bright-hued and fresh; white denotes sadness. Withered and dead flowers, signify disappointments and gloomy situations. For a young woman to receive a bouquet of mixed flowers, foretells that she will have many admirers. To see flowers blooming in barren soil without vestage of foliage, foretells you will have some grievous experience, but your energy and cheerfulness will enable you to climb through these to prominence and happiness. Held in slumbers soft embrace, She enters realms of flowery grace, Where tender love and fond caress, Bids her awake to happiness. See Bouquet. Flute. To dream of hearing notes from a flute, signifies a pleasant meeting with friends from a distance, and profitable engagements. For a young woman to dream of playing a flute, denotes that she will fall in love because of her lovers engaging manners. Flux. To dream of having flux, or thinking that you are thus afflicted, denotes desperate or fatal illness will overtake you or some member of your family. To see others thus afflicted, implies disappointment in carrying out some enterprise through the neglect of others. Inharmonious states will vex you. Flying. To dream of flying high through a space, denotes marital calamities. To fly low, almost to the ground, indicates sickness and uneasy states from which the dreamer will recover. To fly over muddy water, warns you to keep close with your private affairs, as enemies are watching to enthrall you. To fly over broken places, signifies ill luck and gloomy surroundings. If you notice green trees and vegetation below you in flying, you will suffer temporary embarrassment, but will have a flood of prosperity upon you. To dream of seeing the sun while flying, signifies useless worries, as your affairs will succeed despite your fears of evil. To dream of flying through the firmament passing the moon and other planets; foretells famine, wars, and troubles of all kinds. To dream that you fly with black wings, portends bitter disappointments. To fall while flying, signifies your downfall. If you wake while falling, you will succeed in reinstating yourself. For a young man to dream that he is flying with white wings above green foliage, foretells advancement in business, and he will also be successful in love. If he dreams this often it is a sign of increasing prosperity and the fulfilment of desires. If the trees appear barren or dead, there will be obstacles to combat in obtaining desires. He will get along, but his work will bring small results. For a woman to dream of flying from one city to another, and alighting on church spires, foretells she will have much to contend against in the way of false persuasions and declarations of love. She will be threatened with a disastrous season of ill health, and the death of some one near to her may follow. For a young woman to dream that she is shot at while flying, denotes enemies will endeavor to restrain her advancement into higher spheres of usefulness and prosperity. Flying Machine. To dream of seeing a flying machine, foretells that you will make satisfactory progress in your future speculations. To see one failing to work, foretells gloomy returns for much disturbing and worrisome planning. Fly-paper. To dream of fly-paper, signifies ill health and disrupted friendships. Fly-trap. To see a fly-trap in a dream, is signal of malicious designing against you. To see one full of flies, denotes that small embarrassments will ward off greater ones. Foal. To dream of a foal, indicates new undertakings in which you will be rather fortunate. Fog. To dream of traveling through a dense fog, denotes much trouble and business worries. To emerge from it, foretells a weary journey, but profitable. For a young woman to dream of being in a fog, denotes that she will be mixed up in a salacious scandal, but if she gets out of the fog she will prove her innocence and regain her social standing. Foot-log. To dream of crossing a clear stream of water on a foot-log, denotes pleasant employment and profit. If the water is thick and muddy, it indicates loss and temporary disturbance. For a woman this dream indicates either a quarrelsome husband, or one of mild temper and regular habits, as the water is muddy or clear. To fall from a foot-log into clear water, signifies short widowhood terminating in an agreeable marriage. If the water is not clear, gloomy prospects. See Bridge. Forest. To dream that you find yourself in a dense forest, denotes loss in trade, unhappy home influences and quarrels among families. If you are cold and feel hungry, you will be forced to make a long journey to settle some unpleasant affair. To see a forest of stately trees in foliage, denotes prosperity and pleasures. To literary people, this dream foretells fame and much appreciation from the public. A young lady relates the following dream and its fulfilment: I was in a strange forest of what appeared to be cocoanut trees, with red and yellow berries growing on them. The ground was covered with blasted leaves, and I could hear them crackle under my feet as I wandered about lost. The next afternoon I received a telegram announcing the death of a dear cousin. Forehead. To dream of a fine and smooth forehead, denotes that you will be thought well of for your judgment and fair dealings. An ugly forehead, denotes displeasure in your private affairs. To pass your hand over the forehead of your child, indicates sincere praises from friends, because of some talent and goodness displayed by your children. For a young woman to dream of kissing the forehead of her lover, signifies that he will be displeased with her for gaining notice by indiscreet conduct. Fork. To dream of a fork, denotes that enemies are working for your displacement. For a woman, this dream denotes unhappy domestic relations, and separation for lovers. Form. To see anything ill formed, denotes disappointment. To have a beautiful form, denotes favorable conditions to health and business. Forsaking. For a young woman to dream of forsaking her home or friend, denotes that she will have troubles in love, as her estimate of her lover will decrease with acquaintance and association. See Abandoned and Lover. Fort. To dream of defending a fort, signifies your honor and possessions will be attacked, and you will have great worry over the matter. To dream that you attack a fort and take it, denotes victory over your worst enemy, and fortunate engagements. Fortress. To dream that you are confined in a fortress, denotes that enemies will succeed in placing you in an undesirable situation. To put others in a fortress, denotes your ability to rule in business or over women. Fortune-telling. To dream of telling, or having your fortune told, it dicates that you are deliberating over some vexed affair, and you should use much caution in giving consent to its consummation. For a young woman, this portends a choice between two rivals. She will be worried to find out the standing of one in business and social circles. To dream that she is engaged to a fortune-teller, denotes that she has gone through the forest and picked the proverbial stick. She should be self-reliant, or poverty will attend her marriage. Fountain. To dream that you see a clear fountain sparkling in the sunlight, denotes vast possessions, ecstatic delights and many pleasant journeys. A clouded fountain, denotes the insincerity of associates and unhappy engagements and love affairs. A dry and broken fountain, indicates death and cessation of pleasures. For a young woman to see a sparkling fountain in the moonlight, signifies ill-advised pleasure which may result in a desertion. Fowl. To dream of seeing fowls, denotes temporary worry or illness. For a woman to dream of fowls, indicates a short illness or disagreement with her friends. See Chickens. Fox. To dream of chasing a fox, denotes that you are en gaging in doubtful speculations and risky love affairs. If you see a fox slyly coming into your yard, beware of envious friendships; your reputation is being slyly assailed. To kill a fox, denotes that you will win in every engagement. Fraud. To dream that you are defrauding a person, denotes that you will deceive your employer for gain, indulge in degrading pleasures, and fall into disrepute. If you are defrauded, it signifies the useless attempt of enemies to defame you and cause you loss. To accuse some one of defrauding you, you will be offered a place of high honor. Freckles. For a woman to dream that her face is freckled, denotes that many displeasing incidents will insinuate themselves into her happiness. If she sees them in a mirror, she will be in danger of losing her lover to a rival. Friend. To dream of friends being well and happy, denotes pleasant tidings of them, or you will soon see them or some of their relatives. To see your friend troubled and haggard, sickness or distress is upon them. To see your friends dark-colored, denotes unusual sickness or trouble to you or to them. To see them take the form of animals, signifies that enemies will separate you from your closest relations. To see your friend who dresses in somber colors in flaming red, foretells that unpleasant things will transpire, causing you anxiety if not loss, and that friends will be implicated. To dream you see a friend standing like a statue on a hill, denotes you will advance beyond present pursuits, but will retain former impressions of justice and knowledge, seeking these through every change. If the figure below be low, you will ignore your friends of former days in your future advancement. If it is on a plane or level with you, you will fail in your ambition to reach other spheres. If you seem to be going from it, you will force yourself to seek a change in spite of friendly ties or self-admonition. To dream you see a friend with a white cloth tied over his face, denotes that you will be injured by some person who will endeavor to keep up friendly relations with you. To dream that you are shaking hands with a person who has wronged you, and he is taking his departure and looks sad, foretells you will have differences with a close friend and alienation will perhaps follow. You are most assuredly nearing loss of some character. Frightened. To dream that you are frightened at anything, denotes temporary and fleeting worries. See Affrighted. Frogs. To dream of catching frogs, denotes carelessness in watching after your health, which may cause no little distress among those of your family. To see frogs in the grass, denotes that you will have a pleasant and even-tempered friend as your confidant and counselor. To see a bullfrog, denotes, for a woman, marriage with a wealthy widower, but there will be children with him to be cared for. To see frogs in low marshy places, foretells trouble, but you will overcome it by the kindness of others. To dream of eating frogs, signifies fleeting joys and very little gain from associating with some people. To hear frogs, portends that you will go on a visit to friends, but it will in the end prove fruitless of good. Frost. To dream of seeing frost on a dark gloomy morning, signifies exile to a strange country, but your wanderings will end in peace. To see frost on a small sunlit landscape, signifies gilded pleasures from which you will be glad to turn later in life, and by your exemplary conduct will succeed in making your circle forget past escapades. To dream that you see a friend in a frost, denotes a love affair in which your rival will be worsted. For a young woman, this dream signifies the absence of her lover and danger of his affections waning. This dream is bad for all classes in business and love. Fruit. To dream of seeing fruit ripening among its foliage, usually foretells to the dreamer a prosperous future. Green fruit signifies disappointed efforts or hasty action. For a young woman to dream of eating green fruit, indicates her degradation and loss of inheritance. Eating fruit is unfavorable usually. To buy or sell fruit, denotes much business, but not very remunerative. To see or eat ripe fruit, signifies uncertain fortune and pleasure. Fruit Seller. To dream of a fruit seller, denotes you will endeavor to recover your loss too rapidly and will engage in unfortunate speculations. Funeral. To see a funeral, denotes an unhappy marriage and sickly offspring. To dream of the funeral of a stranger, denotes unexpected worries. To see the funeral of your child, may denote the health of your family, but very grave disappointments may follow from a friendly source. To attend a funeral in black, foretells an early widowhood. To dream of the funeral of any relative, denotes nervous troubles and family worries. Furnace. To dream of a furnace, foretells good luck if it is running. If out of repair, you will have trouble with children or hired help. To fall into one, portends some enemy will overpower you in a business struggle. Furs. To dream of dealing in furs, denotes prosperity and an interest in many concerns. To be dressed in fur, signifies your safety from want and poverty. To see fine fur, denotes honor and riches. For a young woman to dream that she is wearing costly furs, denotes that she will marry a wise man. Future. To dream of the future, is a prognostic of careful reckoning and avoiding of detrimental extravagance. G. They answered again and said, Let the King tell his servants the dream and we will show the interpretation of it. Dan. ii, 7. Gaiter. To dream of gaiters, foretells pleasant amusements and rivalries. Gale. To dream of being caught in a gale, signifies business losses and troubles for working people. Gallows. To dream of seeing a friend on the gallows of execution, foretells that desperate emergencies must be met with decision, or a great calamity will befall you. To dream that you are on a gallows, denotes that you will suffer from the maliciousness of false friends. For a young woman to dream that she sees her lover executed by this means, denotes that she will marry an unscrupulous and designing man. If you rescue any one from the gallows, it portends desirable acquisitions. To dream that you hang an enemy, denotes victory in all spheres. Gambling-house. To dream that you are gambling and win, signifies low associations and pleasure at the expense of others. If you lose, it foretells that your disgraceful conduct will be the undoing of one near to you. Game. To dream of game, either shooting or killing or by other means, denotes fortunate undertakings; but selfish motions; if you fail to take game on a hunt, it denotes bad management and loss. Gangrene. To dream that you see any one afflicted with gangrene, foretells the death of a parent or near relative. Gaol. If you dream of being confined in a gaol, you will be prevented from carrying forward some profitable work by the intervention of envious people; but if you escape from the gaol, you will enjoy a season of favorable business. See Jail. Garbage. To see heaps of garbage in your dreams, indicates thoughts of social scandal and unfavorable business of every character. For females this dream is ominous of disparagement and desertion by lovers. Garden. To see a garden in your dreams, filled with evergreen and flowers, denotes great peace of mind and comfort. To see vegetables, denotes misery or loss of fortune and calumny. To females, this dream foretells that they will be famous, or exceedingly happy in domestic circles. To dream of walking with ones lover through a garden where flowering shrubs and plants abound, indicates unalloyed happiness and independent means. Garlic. To dream of passing through a garlic patch, denotes a rise from penury to prominence and wealth. To a young woman, this denotes that she will marry from a sense of business, and love will not be considered. To eat garlic in your dreams, denotes that you will take a sensible view of life and leave its ideals to take care of themselves. Garret. To dream of climbing to a garret, denotes your inclination to run after theories while leaving the cold realities of life to others less able to bear them than yourself. To the poor, this dream is an omen of easier circumstances. To a woman, it denotes that her vanity and sefishness{sic} should be curbed. Garter. For a lover to find his ladys garter, foretells that he will lose caste with her. He will find rivals. For a woman to dream that she loses her garter, signifies that her lover will be jealous and suspicious of a handsomer person. For a married man to dream of a garter, foretells that his wife will hear of his clandestine attachments, and he will have a stormy scene. For a woman to dream that she is admiring beautiful jeweled garters on her limbs, denotes that she will be betrayed in her private movements, and her reputation will hang in the balance of public opinion. If she dreams that her lover fastens them on her, she will hold his affections and faith through all adverse criticisms. Gas. To dream of gas, denotes you will entertain harmful opinions of others, which will cause you to deal with them unjustly, and you will suffer consequent remorse. To think you are asphyxiated, denotes you will have trouble which you will needlessly incur through your own wastefulness and negligence. To try to blow gas out, signifies you will entertain enemies unconsciously, who will destroy you if you are not wary. To extinguish gas, denotes you will ruthlessly destroy your own happiness. To light it, you will easily find a way out of oppressive ill fortune. Gas Lamps. To see a gas lamp, denotes progress and pleasant surroundings. To see one explode, or out of order other wise, foretells you are threatened with unseasonable distress. Gasoline. To dream of gasoline, denotes you have a competency coming to you through a struggling source. Gate. To dream of seeing or passing through a gate, foretells that alarming tidings will reach you soon of the absent. Business affairs will not be encouraging. To see a closed gate, inability to overcome present difficulties is predicted. To lock one, denotes successful enterprises and well chosen friends. A broken one, signifies failure and discordant surroundings. To be troubled to get through one, or open it, denotes your most engrossing labors will fail to be remunerative or satisfactory. To swing on one, foretells you will engage in idle and dissolute pleasures. Gauze. To dream of being dressed in gauze, denotes uncertain fortune. For a lover to see his sweetheart clothed in filmy material, suggests his ability to influence her for good. Gavel. To dream of a gavel, denotes you will be burdened with some unprofitable yet not unpleasant pursuit. To use one, denotes that officiousness will be shown by you toward your friends. Geese. To dream that you are annoyed by the quacking of geese, denotes a death in your family. To see them swimming, denotes that your fortune is gradually increasing. To see them in grassy places, denotes assured success. If you see them dead, you will suffer loss and displeasure. For a lover, geese denotes the worthiness of his affianced. If you are picking them, you will come into an estate. To eat them, denotes that your possessions are disputed. Gems. To dream of gems, foretells a happy fate both in love and business affairs. See Jewelry. Genealogical Tree. To dream of your genealogical tree, denotes you will be much burdened with family cares, or will find pleasure in other domains than your own. To see others studying it, foretells that you will be forced to yield your rights to others. If any of the branches are missing, you will ignore some of your friends because of their straightened circumstances. Geography. To dream of studying geography, denotes that you will travel much and visit places of renown. See Atlas. Ghost. To dream of the ghost of either one of your parents, denotes that you are exposed to danger, and you should be careful in forming partnerships with strangers. To see the ghost of a dead friend, foretells that you will make a long journey with an unpleasant companion, and suffer disappointments. For a ghost to speak to you, you will be decoyed into the hands of enemies. For a woman, this is a prognostication of widowhood and deception. To see an angel or a ghost appear in the sky, denotes the loss of kindred and misfortunes. To see a female ghost on your right in the sky and a male on your left, both of pleasing countenance, signifies a quick rise from obscurity to fame, but the honor and position will be filled only for a short space, as death will be a visitor and will bear you off. To see a female ghost in long, clinging robes floating calmly through the sky, indicates that you will make progression in scientific studies and acquire wealth almost miraculously, but there will be an under note of sadness in your life. To dream that you see the ghost of a living relative or friend, denotes that you are in danger of some friends malice, and you are warned to carefully keep your affairs under personal supervision. If the ghost appears to be haggard, it may be the intimation of the early death of that friend. See Death, Dead. Giant. To dream of a giant appearing suddenly before you, denotes that there will be a great struggle between you and your opponents. If the giant succeeds in stopping your journey, you will be overcome by your enemy. If he runs from you, prosperity and good health will be yours. Gift. To dream that you receive gifts from any one, denotes that you will not be behind in your payments, and be unusually fortunate in speculations or love matters. To send a gift, signifies displeasure will be shown you, and ill luck will surround your efforts. For a young woman to dream that her lover sends her rich and beautiful gifts, denotes that she will make a wealthy and congenial marriage. Gig. To run a gig in your dream, you will have to forego a pleasant journey to entertain unwelcome visitors. Sickness also threatens you. See Cart. Girdle. To dream of wearing a girdle, and it presses you, denotes that you will be influenced by designing people. To see others wearing velvet, or jeweled girdles, foretells that you will strive for wealth more than honor. For a woman to receive one, signifies that honors will be conferred upon her. Girls. To dream of seeing a well, bright-looking girl, foretells pleasing prospects and domestic joys. If she is thin and pale, it denotes that you will have an invalid in your family, and much unpleasantness. For a man to dream that he is a girl, he will be weak-minded, or become an actor and play female parts. Glass. To dream that you are looking through glass, denotes that bitter disappointments will cloud your brightest hopes. To see your image in a mirror, foretells unfaithfulness and neglect in marriage, and fruitless speculations. To see another face with your own in a mirror indicates that you are leading a double life. You will deceive your friends. To break a mirror, portends an early and accidental death. To break glass dishes, or windows, foretells the unfavorable termination to enterprises. To receive cut glass, denotes that you will be admired for your brilliancy and talent. To make presents of cut glass ornaments, signifies that you will fail in your undertakings. For a woman to see her lover in a mirror, denotes that she will have cause to institute a breach of promise suit. For a married woman to see her husband in a mirror, is a warning that she will have cause to feel anxiety for her happiness and honor. To look clearly through a glass window, you will have employment, but will have to work subordinately. If the glass is clouded, you will be unfortunately situated. If a woman sees men, other than husband or lover, in a looking glass, she will be discovered in some indiscreet affair which will be humiliating to her and a source of worry to her relations. For a man to dream of seeing strange women in a mirror, he will ruin his health and business by foolish attachments. Glass-blower. To dream that you see glass-blowers at their work, denotes you will contemplate change in your business, which will appear for the better, but you will make it at a loss to yourself. Glass House. To see a glass house, foretells you are likely to be injured by listening to flattery. For a young woman to dream that she is living in a glass house, her coming trouble and threatened loss of reputation is emphasized. Gleaning. To see gleaners at work at harvest time, denotes prosperous business, and, to the farmer, a bountiful yield of crops. If you are working with the gleaners, you will come into an estate, after some trouble in establishing rights. For a woman, this dream foretells marriage with a stranger. Gloomy. To be surrounded by many gloomy situations in your dream, warns you of rapidly approaching unpleasantness and loss. See Despair. Gloves. To dream of wearing new gloves, denotes that you will be cautious and economical in your dealings with others, but not mercenary. You will have law suits, or business troubles, but will settle them satisfactorily to yourself. If you wear old or ragged gloves, you will be betrayed and suffer loss. If you dream that you lose your gloves, you will be deserted and earn your own means of livelihood. To find a pair of gloves, denotes a marriage or new love affair. For a man to fasten a ladys glove, he has, or will have, a woman on his hands who threatens him with exposure. If you pull your glove off, you will meet with poor success in business or love. Goat. To dream of goats wandering around a farm, is significant of seasonable weather and a fine yield of crops To see them otherwise, denotes cautious dealings and a steady increase of wealth. If a billy goat butts you, beware that enemies do not get possession of your secrets or business plans. For a woman to dream of riding a billy goat, denotes that she will be held in disrepute because of her coarse and ill-bred conduct. If a woman dreams that she drinks goats milk, she will marry for money and will not be disappointed. Goblet. If you dream that you drink water from a silver goblet, you will meet unfavorable business results in the near future. To see goblets of ancient design, you will receive favors and benefits from strangers. For a woman to give a man a glass goblet full of water, denotes illicit pleasures. God. If you dream of seeing God, you will be domineered over by a tyrannical woman masquerading under the cloak of Christianity. No good accrues from this dream. If God speaks to you, beware that you do not fall into condemnation. Business of all sorts will take an unfavorable turn. It is the forerunner of the weakening of health and may mean early dissolution. If you dream of worshiping God, you will have cause to repent of an error of your own making. Look well to observing the ten commandments after this dream. To dream that God confers distinct favors upon you, you will become the favorite of a cautious and prominent person who will use his position to advance yours. To dream that God sends his spirit upon you, great changes in your beliefs will take place. Views concerning dogmatic Christianity should broaden after this dream, or you may be severely chastised for some indiscreet action which has brought shame upon you. God speaks oftener to those who transgress than those who do not. It is the genius of spiritual law or economy to reinstate the prodigal child by signs and visions. Elijah, Jonah, David, and Paul were brought to the altar of repentence through the vigilant energy of the hidden forces within. Goggles. To dream of goggles, is a warning of disreputable companions who will wheedle you into lending your money foolishly. For a young woman to dream of goggles, means that she will listen to persuasion which will mar her fortune. Gold. If you handle gold in your dream, you will be unusually successful in all enterprises. For a woman to dream that she receives presents of gold, either money or ornaments, she will marry a wealthy but mercenary man. To find gold, indicates that your superior abilities will place you easily ahead in the race for honors and wealth. If you lose gold, you will miss the grandest opportunity of your life through negligence. To dream of finding a gold vein, denotes that some uneasy honor will be thrust upon you. If you dream that you contemplate working a gold mine, you will endeavor to usurp the rights of others, and should beware of domestic scandals. Goldfish. To dream of goldfish, is a prognostic of many successful and pleasant adventures. For a young woman, this dream is indicative of a wealthy union with a pleasing man. If the fish are sick or dead, heavy disappointments will fall upon her. Gold Leaves. To dream of gold leaves, signifies a flattering future is before you. Golf. To be playing golf or watching the game, denotes that pleasant and successive wishing will be indulged in by you. To see any unpleasantness connected with golf, you will be humiliated by some thoughtless person. Gong. To hear the sound of a gong while dreaming, denotes false alarm of illness, or loss will vex you excessively. Gooseberries. To dream of gathering gooseberries, is a sign of happiness after trouble, and a favorable indication of brighter prospects in ones business affairs. If you are eating green gooseberries, you will make a mistake in your course to pleasure, and be precipitated into the vertex of sensationalism. Bad results are sure to follow the tasting of green gooseberries. To see gooseberries in a dream, foretells you will escape some dreaded work. For a young woman to eat them, foretells she will be slightly disappointed in her expectations. Gossip. To dream of being interested in common gossip, you will undergo some humiliating trouble caused by overconfidence in transient friendships. If you are the object of gossip, you may expect some pleasurable surprise. Gout. If you dream of having the gout, you will be sure to be exasperated beyond endurance by the silly conduct of some relative, and suffer small financial loss through the same person. Gown. If you dream that you are in your nightgown, you will be afflicted with a slight illness. If you see others thus clad, you will have unpleasant news of absent friends. Business will receive a back set. If a lover sees his sweetheart in her night gown, he will be superseded. See Cloths. Grain. Grain is a most fortunate dream, betokening wealth and happiness. For a young woman, it is a dream of fortune. She will meet wealthy and adoring companions. Grammar. To dream that you are studying grammar, denotes you are soon to make a wise choice in momentous opportunities. Gramophone. To dream of hearing the gramophone, foretells the advent of some new and pleasing comrade who will lend himself willingly to advance your enjoyment. If it is broken, some fateful occurrence will thwart and defeat delights that you hold in anticipation. Grandparents. To dreaam{sic} of meeting your grandparents and conversing with them, you will meet with difficulties that will be hard to surmount, but by following good advice you will overcome many barriers. Grapes. To eat grapes in your dream, you will be hardened with many cares; but if you only see them hanging in profuseness among the leaves, you will soon attain to eminent positions and will be able to impart happiness to others. For a young woman, this dream is one of bright promise. She will have her most ardent wish gratified. To dream of riding on horseback and passing musca-dine bushes and gathering and eating some of its fruit, denotes profitable employment and the realization of great desires. If there arises in your mind a question of the poisonous quality of the fruit you are eating, there will come doubts and fears of success, but they will gradually cease to worry you. Grass. This is a very propitious dream indeed. It gives promise of a happy and well advanced life to the tradesman, rapid accumulation of wealth, fame to literary and artistic people, and a safe voyage through the turbulent sea of love is promised to all lovers. To see a rugged mountain beyond the green expanse of grass, is momentous of remote trouble. If in passing through green grass, you pass withered places, it denotes your sickness or embarrassments in business. To be a perfect dream, the grass must be clear of obstruction or blemishes. If you dream of withered grass, the reverse is predicted. Grasshopper. To dream of seeing grasshoppers on green vegetables, denotes that enemies threaten your best interests. If on withered grasses, ill health. Disappointing business will be experienced. If you see grasshoppers between you and the sun, it denotes that you will have a vexatious problem in your immediate business life to settle, but using caution it will adjust itself in your favor. To call peoples attention to the grasshoppers, shows that you are not discreet in dispatching your private business. Grave. To dream that you see a newly made grave, you will have to suffer for the wrongdoings of others. If you visit a newly made grave, dangers of a serious nature is hanging over you. Grave is an unfortunate dream. Ill luck in business transactions will follow, also sickness is threatened. To dream of walking on graves, predicts an early death or an unfortunate marriage. If you look into an empty grave, it denotes disappointment and loss of friends. If you see a person in a grave with the earth covering him, except the head, some distressing situation will take hold of that person and loss of property is indicated to the dreamer. To see your own grave, foretells that enemies are warily seeking to engulf you in disaster, and if you fail to be watchful they will succeed. To dream of digging a grave, denotes some uneasiness over some undertaking, as enemies will seek to thwart you, but if you finish the grave you will overcome opposition. If the sun is shining, good will come out of seeming embarrassments. If you return for a corpse, to bury it, and it has disappeared, trouble will come to you from obscure quarters. For a woman to dream that night overtakes her in a graveyard, and she can find no place to sleep but in an open grave, foreshows she will have much sorrow and disappointment through death or false friends. She may lose in love, and many things seek to work her harm. To see a graveyard barren, except on top of the graves, signifies much sorrow and despondency for a time, but greater benefits and pleasure await you if you properly shoulder your burden. To see your own corpse in a grave, foreshadows hopeless and despairing oppression. Gravel. To dream of gravel, denotes unfruitful schemes and enterprises. If you see gravel mixed with dirt, it foretells you will unfortunately speculate and lose good property. Gravy. To dream of eating gravy, portends failing health and disappointing business. Grease. To dream you are in grease, is significant of travels being enjoyed with disagreeable but polished strangers. Greek. To dream of reading Greek, denotes that your ideas will be discussed and finally accepted and put in practical use. To fail to read it, denotes that technical difficulties are in your way. Greyhound. A greyhound is a fortunate object to see in your dream. If it is following a young girl, you will be surprised with a legacy from unknown people. If a greyhound is owned by you, it signifies friends where enemies were expected. Grindstone. For a person to dream of turning a grindstone, his dream is prophetic of a life of energy and well directed efforts bringing handsome competency. If you are sharpening tools, you will be blessed with a worthy helpmate. To deal in grindstones, is significant of small but honest gain. Groans. If you hear groans in your dream, decide quickly on your course, for enemies are undermining your business. If you are groaning with fear, you will be pleasantly surprised at the turn for better in your affairs, and you may look for pleasant visiting among friends. Groceries. To dream of general groceries, if they are fresh and clean, is a sign of ease and comfort. Grotto. To see a grotto in your dreams, is a sign of incomplete and inconstant friendships. Change from comfortable and simple plenty will make showy poverty unbearable. Guardian. To dream of a guardian, denotes you will be treated with consideration by your friends. For a young woman to dream that she is being unkindly dealt with by her guardian, foretells that she will have loss and trouble in the future. Guitar. To dream that you have a guitar, or is playing one in a dream, signifies a merry gathering and serious love making. For a young woman to think it is unstrung or broken, foretells that disappointments in love are sure to overtake her. Upon hearing the weird music of a guitar, the dreamer should fortify herself against flattery and soft persuasion, for she is in danger of being tempted by a fascinating evil. If the dreamer be a man, he will be courted, and will be likely to lose his judgment under the wiles of seductive women. If you play on a guitar, your family affairs will be harmonious. Gulls. To dream of gulls, is a prophecy of peaceful dealings with ungenerous persons. Seeing dead gulls, means wide separation for friends. Gun. This is a dream of distress. Hearing the sound of a gun, denotes loss of employment, and bad management to proprietors of establishments. If you shoot a person with a gun, you will fall into dishonor. If you are shot, you will be annoyed by evil persons, and perhaps suffer an acute illness. For a woman to dream of shooting, forecasts for her a quarreling and disagreeable reputation connected with sensations. For a married woman, unhappiness through other women. Gutter. To dream of a gutter, is a sign of degradation. You will be the cause of unhappiness to others. To find articles of value in a gutter, your right to certain property will be questioned. Gymnast. To dream of a gymnast, denotes you will have misfortune in speculation or trade. Gypsy. If you dream of visiting a gypsy camp, you will have an offer of importance and will investigate the standing of the parties to your disadvantage. For a woman to have a gypsy tell her fortune, is an omen of a speedy and unwise marriage. If she is already married, she will be unduly jealous of her husband. For a man to hold any conversation with a gypsy, he will be likely to lose valuable property. To dream of trading with a gypsy, you will lose money in speculation. This dream denotes that material pleasures are the biggest items in your life. H. And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way. Matthew ii, 12. Haggard. To see a haggard face in your dreams, denotes misfortune and defeat in love matters. To see your own face haggard and distressed, denotes trouble over female affairs, which may render you unable to meet business engagements in a healthy manner. Hail. If you dream of being in a hail storm, you will meet poor success in any undertaking. If you watch hail-stones fall through sunshine and rain, you will be harassed by cares for a time, but fortune will soon smile upon you. For a young woman, this dream indicates love after many slights. To hear hail beating the house, indicates distressing situations. Hair. If a woman dreams that she has beautiful hair and combs it, she will be careless in her personal affairs, and will lose advancement by neglecting mental application. For a man to dream that he is thinning his hair, foreshadows that he will become poor by his generosity, and suffer illness through mental worry. To see your hair turning gray, foretells death and contagion in the family of some relative or some friend. To see yourself covered with hair, omens indulgence in vices to such an extent as will debar you from the society of refined people. If a woman, she will resolve herself into a world of her own, claiming the right to act for her own pleasure regardless of moral codes If a man dreams that he has black, curling hair, he will deceive people through his pleasing address. He will very likely deceive the women who trust him. If a womans hair seems black and curly, she will be threatened with seduction. If you dream of seeing a woman with golden hair, you will prove a fearless lover and be womans true friend. To dream that your sweetheart has red hair, you will be denounced by the woman you love for unfaithfulness. Red hair usually suggests changes If you see brown hair, you will be unfortunate in choosing a career. If you see well kept and neatly combed hair, your fortune will improve. To dream you cut your hair close to the scalp, denotes that you will be generous to lavishness towards a friend. Frugality will be the fruits growing out therefrom. To see the hair growing out soft and luxuriant, signifies happiness and luxury. For a woman to compare a white hair with a black one, which she takes from her head, foretells that she will be likely to hesitate between two offers of seeming fortune, and unless she uses great care, will choose the one that will afford her loss or distress instead of pleasant fortune. To see tangled and unkempt hair, life will be a veritable burden, business will fall off, and the marriage yoke will be troublesome to carry. If a woman is unsuccessful in combing her hair, she will lose a worthy mans name by needless show of temper and disdain. For a young woman to dream of women with gray hair, denotes that they will come into her life as rivals in the affection of a male relative, or displace the love of her affianced. To dream of having your hair cut, denotes serious disappointments. For a woman to dream that her hair is falling out, and baldness is apparent, she will have to earn her own livelihood, as fortune has passed her by. For man or woman to dream that they have hair of snowy whiteness, denotes that they will enjoy a pleasing and fortunate journey through life. For a man to caress the hair of a woman, shows he will enjoy the love and confidence of some worthy woman who will trust him despite the worlds condemnation. To see flowers in your hair, foretells troubles approaching which, when they come, will give you less fear than when viewed from a distance. For a woman to dream that her hair turns to white flowers, augurs that troubles of a various nature will confront her, and she does well if she strengthens her soul with patience, and endeavors to bear her trials with fortitude. To dream that a lock of your hair turns gray and falls out, is a sign of trouble and disappointment in your affairs. Sickness will cast gloom over bright expectations. To see ones hair turn perfectly white in one night, and the face seemingly young, foretells sudden calamity and deep grief. For a young woman to have this dream, signifies that she will lose her lover by a sudden sickness or accident. She will likely come to grief from some indiscretion on her part. She should be careful of her associates. Hair-dresser. Should you visit a hair-dresser in your dreams, you will be connected with a sensation caused by the indiscretion of a good looking woman. To a woman, this dream means a family disturbance and well merited censures. For a woman to dream of having her hair colored, she will narrowly escape the scorn of society, as enemies will seek to blight her reputation. To have her hair dressed, denotes that she will run after frivolous things, and use any means to bend people to her wishes, Hairy Hands. To dream that your hands are covered with hair like that of a beast, signifies you will intrigue against innocent people, and will find that you have alert enemies who are working to forestall your designs. Halter. To dream that you put a halter on a young horse, shows that you will manage a very prosperous and clean business. Love matters will shape themselves to suit you. To see other things haltered, denotes that fortune will be withheld from you for a while. You will win it, but with much toil. Ham. To dream of seeing hams, signifies you are in danger of being treacherously used. To cut large slices of ham, denotes that all opposition will be successfully met by you. To dress a ham, signifies you will be leniently treated by others. To dream of dealing in hams, prosperity will come to you. Also good health is foreboded. To eat ham, you will lose something of great value. To smell ham cooking, you will be benefited by the enterprises of others. Hammer. To dream of seeing a hammer, denotes you will have some discouraging obstacles to overcome in order to establish firmly your fortune. Hand. If you see beautiful hands in your dream, you will enjoy great distinction, and rise rapidly in your calling; but ugly and malformed hands point to disappointments and poverty. To see blood on them, denotes estrangement and unjust censure from members of your family. If you have an injured hand, some person will succeed to what you are striving most to obtain. To see a detached hand, indicates a solitary life, that is, people will fail to understand your views and feelings. To burn your hands, you will overreach the bounds of reason in your struggles for wealth and fame, and lose thereby. To see your hands covered with hair, denotes that you will not become a solid and leading factor in your circle. To see your hands enlarged, denotes a quick advancement in your affairs. To see them smaller, the reverse is predicted. To see your hands soiled, denotes that you will be envious and unjust to others. To wash your hands, you will participate in some joyous festivity. For a woman to admire her own hands, is proof that she will win and hold the sincere regard of the man she prizes above all others. To admire the hands of others, she will be subjected to the whims of a jealous man. To have a man hold her hands, she will be enticed into illicit engagements. If she lets others kiss her hands, she will have gossips busy with her reputation. To handle fire without burning her hands, she will rise to high rank and commanding positions. To dream that your hands are tied, denotes that you will be involved in difficulties. In loosening them, you will force others to submit to your dictations. See Fingers. Handbills. To dream of distributing handbills over the country, is a sign of contentions and possible lawsuits. If you dream of printing handbills, you will hear unfavorable news. Handcuffs. To find yourself handcuffed, you will be annoyed and vexed by enemies. To see others thus, you will subdue those oppressing you and rise above your associates. To see handcuffs, you will be menaced with sickness and danger. To dream of handcuffs, denotes formidable enemies are surrounding you with objectionable conditions. To break them, is a sign that you will escape toils planned by enemies. Handkerchiefs. To dream of handkerchiefs, denotes flirtations and contingent affairs. To lose one, omens a broken engagement through no fault of yours. To see torn ones, foretells that lovers quarrels will reach such straits that reconciliation will be improbable if not impossible. To see them soiled, foretells that you will be corrupted by indiscriminate associations. To see pure white ones in large lots, foretells that you will resist the insistent flattery of unscrupulous and evil-minded persons, and thus gain entrance into high relations with love and matrimony. To see them colored, denotes that while your engagements may not be strictly moral, you will manage them with such ingenuity that they will elude opprobrium. If you see silk handkerchiefs, it denotes that your pleasing and magnetic personality will shed its radiating cheerfulness upon others, making for yourself a fortunate existence. For a young woman to wave adieu or a recognition with her handkerchief, or see others doing this, denotes that she will soon make a questionable pleasure trip, or she may knowingly run the gauntlet of disgrace to secure some fancied pleasure. Handsome. To see yourself handsome-looking in your dreams, you will prove yourself an ingenious flatterer. To see others appearing handsome, denotes that you will enjoy the confidence of fast people. Handwriting. To dream that you see and recognize your own handwriting, foretells that malicious enemies will use your expressed opinion to foil you in advancing to some competed position. Hanging. To see a large concourse of people gathering at a hanging, denotes that many enemies will club together to try to demolish your position in their midst. See Execution. Hare. If you see a hare escaping from you in a dream, you will lose something valuable in a mysterious way. If you capture one, you will be the victor in a contest. If you make pets of them, you will have an orderly but unintelligent companion. A dead hare, betokens death to some friend. Existence will be a prosy affair. To see hares chased by dogs, denotes trouble and contentions among your friends, and you will concern yourself to bring about friendly relations. If you dream that you shoot a hare, you will be forced to use violent measures to maintain your rightful possessions. See Rabbit. Harem. To dream that you maintain a harem, denotes that you are wasting your best energies on low pleasures. Life holds fair promises, if your desires are rightly directed. If a woman dreams that she is an inmate of a harem, she will seek pleasure where pleasure is unlawful, as her desires will be toward married men as a rule. If she dreams that she is a favorite of a harem, she will be preferred before others in material pleasures, but the distinction will be fleeting. Harlequin. To dream of a harlequin cheating you, you will find uphill work to identify certain claims that promise profit to you. If you dream of a harlequin, trouble will beset you. To be dressed as a harlequin, denotes passionate error and unwise attacks on strength and purse. Designing women will lure you to paths of sin. Harlot. To dream of being in the company of a harlot, denotes ill-chosen pleasures and trouble in your social circles, and business will suffer depression. If you marry one, life will be threatened by an enemy. Harness. To dream of possessing bright new harness, you will soon prepare for a pleasant journey. Harp. To hear the sad sweet strains of a harp, denotes the sad ending to what seems a pleasing and profitable enterprise. To see a broken harp, betokens illness, or broken troth between lovers. To play a harp yourself, signifies that your nature is too trusting, and you should be more careful in placing your confidence as well as love matters. Harvest. To dream of harvest time, is a forerunner of prosperity and pleasure. If the harvest yields are abundant, the indications are good for country and state, as political machinery will grind to advance all conditions. A poor harvest is a sign of small profits. Hash. To dream you are eating hash, many sorrows and vexations are foretold. You will probably be troubled with various little jealousies and contentions over mere trifles, and your health will be menaced through worry. For a woman to dream that she cooks hash, denotes that she will be jealous of her husband, and children will be a stumbling block to her wantonness. Hassock. To dream of a hassock, forebodes the yielding of your power and fortune to another. If a woman dreams of a hassock, she should cultivate spirit and independence. Hat. To dream of losing your hat, you may expect unsatisfactory business and failure of persons to keep important engagements. For a man to dream that he wears a new hat, predicts change of place and business, which will be very much to his advantage. For a woman to dream that she wears a fine new hat, denotes the attainment of wealth, and she will be the object of much admiration. For the wind to blow your hat off, denotes sudden changes in affairs, and somewhat for the worse. Hatchet. A hatchet seen in a dream, denotes that wanton wastefulness will expose you to the evil designs of envious persons. If it is rusty or broken, you will have grief over wayward people. Hate. To dream that you hate a person, denotes that if you are not careful you will do the party an inadvertent injury or a spiteful action will bring business loss and worry. If you are hated for unjust causes, you will find sincere and obliging friends, and your associations will be most pleasant. Otherwise, the dream forebodes ill. Hawk. To dream of a hawk, foretells you will be cheated in some way by intriguing persons. To shoot one, foretells you will surmount obstacles after many struggles. For a young woman to frighten hawks away from her chickens, signifies she will obtain her most extravagant desires through diligent attention to her affairs. It also denotes that enemies are near you, and they are ready to take advantage of your slightest mistakes. If you succeed in scaring it away before your fowls are injured, you will be lucky in your business. To see a dead hawk, signifies that your enemies will be vanquished. To dream of shooting at a hawk, you will have a contest with enemies, and will probably win. Hay. If you dream of mowing hay, you will find much good in life, and if a farmer your crops will yield abundantly. To see fields of newly cut hay, is a sign of unusual prosperity. If you are hauling and putting hay into barns, your fortune is assured, and you will realize great profit from some enterprise. To see loads of hay passing through the street, you will meet influential strangers who will add much to your pleasure. To feed hay to stock, indicates that you will offer aid to some one who will return the favor with love and advancement to higher states. Head. To see a persons head in your dream, and it is well-shaped and prominent, you will meet persons of power and vast influence who will lend you aid in enterprises of importance. If you dream of your own head, you are threatened with nervous or brain trouble. To see a head severed from its trunk, and bloody, you will meet sickening disappointments, and the overthrow of your dearest hopes and anticipations. To see yourself with two or more heads, foretells phenomenal and rapid rise in life, but the probabilities are that the rise will not be stable. To dream that your head aches, denotes that you will be oppressed with worry. To dream of a swollen head, you will have more good than bad in your life. To dream of a childs head, there will be much pleasure ill store for you and signal financial success. To dream of the head of a beast, denotes that the nature of your desires will run on a low plane, and only material pleasures will concern you. To wash your head, you will be sought after by prominent people for your judgment and good counsel. Headgear. To dream of seeing rich headgear, you will become famous and successful. To see old and worn headgear, you will have to yield up your possessions to others. Hearse. To dream of a hearse, denotes uncongenial relations in the home, and failure to carry on business in a satisfactory manner. It also betokens the death of one near to you, or sickness and sorrow. If a hearse crosses your path, you will have a bitter enemy to overcome. Heart. To dream of your heart paining and suffocating you, there will be trouble in your business. Some mistake of your own will bring loss if not corrected. Seeing your heart, foretells sickness and failure of energy. To see the heart of an animal, you will overcome enemies and merit the respect of all. To eat the heart of a chicken, denotes strange desires will cause you to carry out very difficult projects for your advancement. Heat. To dream that you are oppressed by heat, denotes failure to carry out designs on account of some friend betraying you. Heat is not a very favorable dream. Heather Bells. To dream of heather bells, foretells that joyous occasions will pass you in happy succession. Heaven. If you ascend to heaven in a dream, you will fail to enjoy the distinction you have labored to gain,, and joy will end in sadness. If young persons dream of climbing to heaven on a ladder, they will rise from a low estate to one of unusual prominence, but will fail to find contentment or much pleasure. To dream of being in heaven and meeting Christ and friends, you will meet with many losses, but will reconcile yourself to them through your true understanding of human nature. To dream of the Heavenly City, denotes a contented and spiritual nature, and trouble will do you small harm. Hedges. To dream of hedges of evergreens, denotes joy and profit. Bare hedges, foretells distress and unwise dealings. If a young woman dreams of walking beside a green hedge with her lover, it foretells that her marriage will soon be consummated. If you dream of being entangled in a thorny hedge, you will be hampered in your business by unruly partners or persons working under you. To lovers, this dream is significant of quarrels and jealousies. Heir. To dream that you fall heir to property or valuables, denotes that you are in danger of losing what you already possess. and warns you of coming responsibilities. Pleasant surprises may also follow this dream. Hell. If you dream of being in hell, you will fall into temptations, which will almost wreck you financially and morally. To see your friends in hell, denotes distress and burdensome cares. You will hear of the misfortune of some friend. To dream of crying in hell, denotes the powerlessness of friends to extricate you from the snares of enemies. Helmet. To dream of seeing a helmet, denotes threatened misery and loss will be avoided by wise action. Hemp. To dream of hemp, denotes you will be successful in all undertakings, especially large engagements. For a young woman to dream that some accident befalls her through cultivating hemp, foretells the fatal quarrel and separation from her friend. Hemp Seed. To see hemp seed in dreams, denotes the near approach of a deep and continued friendship. To the business man, is shown favorable opportunity for money-making. Hen. To dream of hens, denotes pleasant family reunions with added members. See Chickens. Herbs. To dream of herbs, denotes that you will have vexatious cares, though some pleasures will ensue. To dream of poisonous herbs, warns you of enemies. Balm and other useful herbs, denotes satisfaction in business and warm friendships. Hermit. To dream of a hermit, denotes sadness and loneliness caused by the unfaithfulness of friends. If you are a hermit yourself, you will pursue researches into intricate subjects, and will take great interest in the discussions of the hour. To find yourself in the abode of a hermit, denotes unselfishness toward enemies and friends alike. Herring. To dream of seeing herring, indicates a tight squeeze to escape financial embarrassment, but you will have success later. Hide. To dream of the hide of an animal, denotes profit and permanent employment. Hidden. To dream that you have hidden away any object, denotes embarrassment in your circumstances. To find hidden things, you will enjoy unexpected pleasures. For a young woman to dream of hiding objects, she will be the object of much adverse gossip, but will finally prove her conduct orderly. Hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs seen in a dream, foretells that wavering judgment in some vital matter may cause you great distress and money loss. To be able to read them, your success in overcoming some evil is foretold. High School. To dream of a high school, foretells ascension to more elevated positions in love, as well as social and business affairs. For a young woman to be suspended from a high school, foretells she will have troubles in social circles. High Tide. To dream of high tide is indicative of favorable progression in your affairs. Hills. To dream of climbing hills is good if the top is reached, but if you fall back, you will have much envy and contrariness to fight against. See Ascend and Descend. Hips. To dream that you admire well-formed hips, denotes that you will be upbraided by your wife. For a woman to admire her hips, shows she will be disappointed in love matters. To notice fat hips on animals, foretells ease and pleasure. For a woman to dream that her hips are too narrow, omens sickness and disappointments. If too fat, she is in danger of losing her reputation. Hissing. To dream of hissing persons, is an omen that you will be displeased beyond endurance at the discourteous treatment shown you while among newly made acquaintances. If they hiss you, you will be threatened with the loss of a friend. History. To dream that you are reading history, indicates a long and pleasant recreation. Hives. To dream that your child is affected with hives, denotes that it will enjoy good health and be docile. To see strange children thus affected, you will be unduly frightened over the condition of some favorite. Hoe. To dream of seeing a hoe, denotes that you will have no time for idle pleasures, as there will be others depending upon your work for subsistence. To dream of using a hoe, you will enjoy freedom from poverty by directing your energy into safe channels. For a woman to dream of hoeing, she will be independent of others, as she will be self-supporting. For lovers, this dream is a sign of faithfulness. To dream of a foe striking at you with a hoe, your interests will be threatened by enemies, but with caution you will keep aloof from real danger. Hogs. To dream of seeing fat, strong-looking hogs, foretells brisk changes in business and safe dealings. Lean hogs predict vexatious affairs and trouble with servants and children. To see a sow and litter of pigs, denotes abundant crops to the farmer, and advance in the affairs of others. To hear hogs squealing, denotes unpleasant news from absent friends, and foretells disappointment by death, or failure to realize the amounts you expected in deals of importance. To dream of feeding your own hogs, denotes an increase in your personal belongings. To dream that you are dealing in hogs, you will accumulate considerable property, but you will have much rough work to perform. Holiday. To dream of a holiday, foretells interesting strangers will soon partake of your hospitality. For a young woman to dream that she is displeased with a holiday, denotes she will be fearful of her own attractions in winning a friend back from a rival. Holy Communion. To dream that you are taking part in the Holy Communion, warns you that you will resign your independent opinions to gain some frivolous desire. If you dream that there is neither bread nor wine for the supper, you will find that you have suffered your ideas to be proselytized in vain, as you are no nearer your goal. If you are refused the right of communion and feel worthy, there is hope for your obtaining some prominent position which has appeared extremely doubtful, as your opponents are popular and powerful. If you feel unworthy, you will meet with much discomfort. To dream that you are in a body of Baptists who are taking communion, denotes that you will find that your friends are growing uncongenial, and you will look to strangers for harmony. Home. To dream of visiting your old home, you will have good news to rejoice over. To see your old home in a dilapidated state, warns you of the sickness or death of a relative. For a young woman this is a dream of sorrow. She will lose a dear friend. To go home and find everything cheery and comfortable, denotes harmony in the present home life and satisfactory results in business. See Abode. Hominy. To dream of hominy, denotes pleasant love-making will furnish you interesting recreation from absorbing study and planning for future progression. Homesick. To dream of being homesick, foretells you will lose fortunate opportunities to enjoy travels of interest and pleasant visits. Homicide. To dream that you commit homicide, foretells that you will suffer great anguish and humiliation through the indifference of others, and your gloomy surroundings will cause perplexing worry to those close to you. To dream that a friend commits suicide, you will have trouble in deciding a very important question. See Kill. Honey. To dream that you see honey, you will be possessed of considerable wealth. To see strained honey, denotes wealth and ease, but there will be an undercurrent in your life of unlawful gratification of material desires. To dream of eating honey, foretells that you will attain wealth and love. To lovers, this indicates a swift rush into marital joys. Honeysuckle. To see or gather, honeysuckles, denotes that you will be contentedly prosperous and your marriage will be a singularly happy one. Hood. For a young woman to dream that she is wearing a hood, is a sign she will attempt to allure some man from rectitude and bounden duty. Hook. To dream of a hook, foretells unhappy obligations will be assumed by you. Hoop. To dream of a hoop, foretells you will form influential friendships. Many will seek counsel of you. To jump through, or see others jumping through hoops, denotes you will have discouraging outlooks, but you will overcome them with decisive victory. Hops. To dream of hops, denotes thrift, energy and the power to grasp and master almost any business proposition. Hops is a favorable dream to all classes, lovers and tradesmen. Horn. To dream that you hear the sound of a horn, foretells hasty news of a joyful character. To see a broken horn, denotes death or accident. To see children playing with horns, denotes congeniality in the home. For a woman to dream of blowing a horn, foretells that she is more anxious for marriage than her lover. Hornet. To dream of a hornet, signals disruption to lifelong friendship, and loss of money. For a young woman to dream that one stings her, or she is in a nest of them, foretells that many envious women will seek to disparage her before her admirers. Horoscope. To dream of having your horoscope drawn by an astrologist, foretells unexpected changes in affairs and a long journey; associations with a stranger will probably happen. If the dreamer has the stars pointed out to him, as his fate is being read, he will find disappointments where fortune and pleasure seem to await him. Horse. If you dream of seeing or riding a white horse, the indications are favorable for prosperity and pleasurable commingling with congenial friends and fair women. If the white horse is soiled and lean, your confidence will be betrayed by a jealous friend or a woman. If the horse is black, you will be successful in your fortune, but you will practice deception, and will be guilty of assignations. To a woman, this dream denotes that her husband is unfaithful. To dream of dark horses, signifies prosperous conditions, but a large amount of discontent. Fleeting pleasures usually follow this dream. To see yourself riding a fine bay horse, denotes a rise in fortune and gratification of passion. For a woman, it foretells a yielding to importunate advances. She will enjoy material things. To ride or see passing horses, denotes ease and comfort. To ride a runaway horse, your interests will be injured by the folly of a friend or employer. To see a horse running away with others, denotes that you will hear of the illness of friends. To see fine stallions, is a sign of success and high living, and undue passion will master you. To see brood mares, denotes congeniality and absence of jealousy between the married and sweethearts. To ride a horse to ford a stream, you will soon experience some good fortune and will enjoy rich pleasures. If the stream is unsettled or murky, anticipated joys will be somewhat disappointing. To swim on a horses back through a clear and beautiful stream of water, your conception of passionate bliss will be swiftly realized. To a business man, this dream portends great gain. To see a wounded horse, foretells the trouble of friends. To dream of a dead horse, signifies disappointments of various kinds. To dream of riding a horse that bucks, denotes that your desires will be difficult of consummation. To dream that he throws you, you will have a strong rival, and your business will suffer slightly through competition. To dream that a horse kicks you, you will be repulsed by one you love. Your fortune will be embarrassed by ill health. To dream of catching a horse to bridle and saddle, or harness it, you will see a great improvement in business of all kinds, and people of all callings will prosper. If you fail to catch it, fortune will play you false. To see spotted horses, foretells that various enterprises will bring you profit. To dream of having a horse shod, your success is assured. For a woman, this dream omens a good and faithful husband. To dream that you shoe a horse, denotes that you will endeavor to and perhaps make doubtful property your own. To dream of race horses, denotes that you will be surfeited with fast living, but to the farmer this dream denotes prosperity. To dream that you ride a horse in a race, you will be prosperous and enjoy life. To dream of killing a horse, you will injure your friends through selfishness. To mount a horse bareback, you will gain wealth and ease by hard struggles. To ride bareback in company with men, you will have honest people to aid you, and your success will be merited. If in company with women, your desires will be loose, and your prosperity will not be so abundant as might be if women did not fill your heart. To curry a horse, your business interests will not be neglected for frivolous pleasures. To dream of trimming a horses mane, or tail, denotes that you will be a good financier or farmer. Literary people will be painstaking in their work and others will look after their interest with solicitude. To dream of horses, you will amass wealth and enjoy life to its fullest extent. To see horses pulling vehicles, denotes wealth with some incumbrance, and love will find obstacles. If you are riding up a hill and the horse falls but you gain the top, you will win fortune, though you will have to struggle against enemies and jealousy. If both the horse and you get to the top, your rise will be phenomenal, but substantial. For a young girl to dream that she rides a black horse, denotes that she should be dealt with by wise authority. Some wishes will be gratified at an unexpected time. Black in horses, signifies postponements in anticipations. To see a horse with a tender foot, denotes that some unexpected unpleasantness will insinuate itself into your otherwise propitious state. If you attempt to fit a broken shoe which is too small for the horses foot, you will be charged with making fraudulent deals with unsuspecting parties. To ride a horse down hill, your affairs will undoubtedly disappoint you. For a young woman to dream that a friend rides behind her on a horse, denotes that she will be foremost in the favors of many prominent and successful men. If she was frightened, she is likely to stir up jealous sensations. If after she alights from the horse it turns into a pig, she will carelessly pass by honorable offers of marriage, preferring freedom until her chances of a desirable marriage are lost. If afterward she sees the pig sliding gracefully along the telegraph wire, she will by intriguing advance her position, For a young woman to dream that she is riding a white horse up and down hill, often looking back and seeing some one on a black horse, pursuing her, denotes she will have a mixed season of success and sorow,{sic} but through it all a relentless enemy is working to overshadow her with gloom and disappointment. To see a horse in human flesh, descending on a hammock through the air, and as it nears your house is metamorphosed into a man, and he approaches your door and throws something at you which seems to be rubber but turns into great bees, denotes miscarriage of hopes and useless endeavors to regain lost valuables. To see animals in human flesh, signifies great advancement to the dreamer, and new friends will be made by modest wearing of well-earned honors. If the human flesh appears diseased or freckled, the miscarriage of well-laid plans is denoted. Horseshoe. To dream of a horseshoe, indicates advance in business and lucky engagements for women. To see them broken, ill fortune and sickness is portrayed. To find a horseshoe hanging on the fence, denotes that your interests will advance beyond your most sanguine expectations. To pick one up in the road, you will receive profit from a source you know not of. Horseradish. To dream of horseradish, foretells pleasant associations with intellectual and congenial people. Fortune is also expressed in this dream. For a woman, it indicates a rise above her present station. To eat horseradish, you will be the object of pleasant raillery. Horse-trader. To dream of a horse-trader, signifies great profit from perilous ventures. To dream that you are trading horses, and the trader cheats you, you will lose in trade or love. If you get a better horse than the one you traded, you will better yourself in fortune. Hospital. If you dream that you are a patient in a hospital. you will have a contagious disease in your community, and will narrowly escape affliction. If you visit patients there, you will hear distressing news of the absent. Hotel. To dream of living in a hotel, denotes ease and profit. To visit women in a hotel, your life will be rather on a dissolute order. To dream of seeing a fine hotel, indicates wealth and travel. If you dream that you are the proprietor of a hotel, you will earn all the fortune you will ever possess. To work in a hotel, you could find a more remunerative employment than what you have. To dream of hunting a hotel, you will be baffled in your search for wealth and happiness. Hounds. To dream of hounds on a hunt, denotes coming delights and pleasant changes. For a woman to dream of hounds, she will love a man below her in station. To dream that hounds are following her, she will have many admirers, but there will be no real love felt for her. See Dogs. House. To dream of building a house, you will make wise changes in your present affairs. To dream that you own an elegant house, denotes that you will soon leave your home for a better, and fortune will be kind to you. Old and dilapidated houses, denote failure in business or any effort, and declining health. See Building. Housekeeper. To dream that you are a housekeeper, denotes you will have labors which will occupy your time, and make pleasure an ennobling thing. To employ one, signifies comparative comfort will be possible for your obtaining. Hugging. If you dream of hugging, you will be disappointed in love affairs and in business. For a woman to dream of hugging a man, she will accept advances of a doubtful character from men. For a married woman to hug others than her husband, she will endanger her honor in accepting attentions from others in her husbands absence. Humidity. To dream that you are overcome with humidity, foretells that you will combat enemies fiercely, but their superior force will submerge you in overwhelming defeat. See Air. Hunchback. To dream of a hunchback, denotes unexpected reverses in your prospects. Hunger. To dream that you are hungry, is an unfortunate omen. You will not find comfort and satisfaction in your home, and to lovers it means an unhappy marriage. Hunting. If you dream of hunting, you will struggle for the unattainable. If you dream that you hunt game and find it, you will overcome obstacles and gain your desires. See Gain. Hurt. If you hurt a person in your dreams, you will do ugly work, revenging and injuring. If you are hurt, you will have enemies who will overcome you. Hurricane. To hear the roar and see a hurricane heading towards you with its frightful force, you will undergo torture and suspense, striving to avert failure and ruin in your affairs. If you are in a house which is being blown to pieces by a hurricane, and you struggle in the awful gloom to extricate some one from the falling timbers, your life will suffer a change. You will move and remove to distant places, and still find no improvement in domestic or business affairs. If you dream of looking on debris and havoc wrought by a hurricane, you will come close to trouble, which will be averted by the turn in the affairs of others. To see dead and wounded caused by a hurricane, you will be much distressed over the troubles of others. Husband. To dream that your husband is leaving you, and you do not understand why, there will be bitterness between you, but an unexpected reconciliation will ensue. If he mistreats and upbraids you for unfaithfulness, you will hold his regard and confidence, but other worries will ensue and you are warned to be more discreet in receiving attention from men. If you see him dead, disappointment and sorrow will envelop you. To see him pale and careworn, sickness will tax you heavily, as some of the family will linger in bed for a time. To see him gay and handsome, your home will be filled with happiness and bright prospects will be yours. If he is sick, you will be mistreated by him and he will be unfaithful. To dream that he is in love with another woman, he will soon tire of his present surroundings and seek pleasure elsewhere. To be in love with another womans husband in your dreams, denotes that you are not happily married, or that you are not happy unmarried, but the chances for happiness are doubtful. For an unmarried woman to dream that she has a husband, denotes that she is wanting in the graces which men most admire. To see your husband depart from you, and as he recedes from you he grows larger, inharmonious surroundings will prevent immediate congeniality. If disagreeable conclusions are avoided, harmony will be reinstated. For a woman to dream she sees her husband in a compromising position with an unsuspected party, denotes she will have trouble through the indiscretion of friends. If she dreams that he is killed while with another woman, and a scandal ensues, she will be in danger of separating from her husband or losing property. Unfavorable conditions follow this dream, though the evil is often exaggerated. Hut. To dream of a hut, denotes indifferent success. To dream that you are sleeping in a hut, denotes ill health and dissatisfaction. To see a hut in a green pasture, denotes prosperity, but fluctuating happiness. Hyacinth. To dream that you see, or gather, hyacinths, you are about to undergo a painful separation from a friend, which will ultimately result in good for you. Hydrophobia. To dream that you are afflicted with hydrophobia, denotes enemies and change of business. To see others thus afflicted, your work will be interrupted by death or ungrateful dependence. To dream that an animal with the rabies bites you, you will be betrayed by your dearest friend, and much scandal will be brought to light. Hyena. If you see a hyena in your dreams, you will meet much disappointment and much ill luck in your undertakings, and your companions will be very uncongenial. If lovers have this dream, they will often be involved in quarrels. If one attacks you, your reputation will be set upon by busybodies. Hymns. To dream of hearing hymns sung, denotes contentment in the home and average prospects in business affairs. See Singing. Hypocrite. To dream that anyone has acted the hypocrite with you, you will be turned over to your enemies by false friends. To dream that you are a hypocrite, denotes that you will prove yourself a deceiver and be false to friends. Hyssop. To dream of hyssop, denotes you will have grave charges preferred against you; and, if a woman, your reputation will be endangered. I. And it shall come to pass in the last days, sayeth God, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams.Acts ii, 17. Ice. To dream of ice, betokens much distress, and evil-minded persons will seek to injure you in your best work. To see ice floating in a stream of clear water, denotes that your happiness will be interrupted by ill-tempered and jealous friends. To dream that you walk on ice, you risk much solid comfort and respect for evanescent joys. For a young woman to walk on ice, is a warning that only a thin veil hides her from shame. To see icicles on the eaves of houses, denotes misery and want of comfort. Ill health is foreboded. To see icicles on the fence, denotes suffering bodily and mentally. To see them on trees, despondent hopes will grow gloomier. To see them on evergreens, a bright future will be overcast with the shadow of doubtful honors. To dream that you make ice, you will make a failure of your life through egotism and selfishness. Eating ice, foretells sickness. If you drink ice-water, you will bring ill health from dissipation. Bathing in ice-water, anticipated pleasures will be interrupted with an unforeseen event. Ice Cream. To dream that you are eating ice cream, foretells you will have happy success in affairs already undertaken. To see children eating it, denotes prosperity and happiness will attend you most favorably. For a young woman to upset her ice cream in the presence of her lover or friend, denotes she will be flirted with because of her unkindness to others. To see sour ice cream, denotes some unexpected trouble will interfere with your pleasures. If it is melted, your anticipated pleasure will reach stagnation before it is realized. Icicles. To see icicles falling from trees, denotes that some distinctive misfortune, or trouble, will soon vanish. See Ice. Ideal. For a young woman to dream of meeting her ideal, foretells a season of uninterrupted pleasure and contentment. For a bachelor to dream of meeting his ideal, denotes he will soon experience a favorable change in his affairs. Idiot. Idiots in a dream, foretells disagreements and losses. To dream that you are an idiot, you will feel humiliated and downcast over the miscarriage of plans. To see idiotic children, denotes affliction and unhappy changes in life. Idle. If you dream of being idle, you will fail to accomplish your designs. To see your friends in idleness, you will hear of some trouble affecting them. For a young woman to dream that she is leading an idle existence, she will fall into bad habits, and is likely to marry a shiftless man. Idols. Should you dream of worshiping idols, you will make slow progress to wealth or fame, as you will let petty things tyrannize over you. To break idols, signifies a strong mastery over self, and no work will deter you in your upward rise to positions of honor. To see others worshiping idols, great differences will rise up between you and warm friends. To dream that you are denouncing idolatry, great distinction is in store for you through your understanding of the natural inclinations of the human mind. Illness. For a woman to dream of her own illness, foretells that some unforeseen event will throw her into a frenzy of despair by causing her to miss some anticipated visit or entertainment. See Sickness. Illumination. If you see strange and weird illuminations in your dreams, you will meet with disappointments and failures on every hand. Illuminated faces, indicate unsettled business, both private and official. To see the heavens illuminated, with the moon in all her weirdness, unnatural stars and a red sun, or a golden one, you may look for distress in its worst form. Death, family troubles, and national upheavals will occur. To see children in the lighted heavens, warns you to control your feelings, as irrevocable wrong may be done in a frenzy of feeling arising over seeming neglect by your dear ones. To see illuminated human figures or animals in the heavens, denotes failure and trouble; dark clouds overshadow fortune. To see them fall to the earth and men shoot them with guns, many troubles and obstacles will go to nought before your energy and determination to rise. To see illuminated snakes, or any other creeping thing, enemies will surround you, and use hellish means to overthrow you. Image. If you dream that you see images, you will have poor success in business or love. To set up an image in your home, portends that you will be weak minded and easily led astray. Women should be careful of their reputation after a dream of this kind. If the images are ugly, you will have trouble in your home. Imitation. To dream of imitations, means that persons are working to deceive you. For a young woman to dream some one is imitating her lover or herself, foretells she will be imposed upon, and will suffer for the faults of others. Implements. To dream of implements, denotes unsatisfactory means of accomplishing some work. If the implements are broken, you will be threatened with death or serious illness of relatives or friends, or failure n business. Imps. To see imps in your dream, signifies trouble from what seems a passing pleasure. To dream that you are an imp, denotes that folly and vice will bring you to poverty. Inauguration. To dream of inauguration, denotes you will rise to higher position than you have yet enjoyed. For a young woman to be disappointed in attending an inauguration, predicts she will fail to obtain her wishes. Incantation. To dream you are using incantations, signifies unpleasantness between husband and wife, or sweethearts. To hear others repeating them, implies dissembling among your friends. Incest. To dream of incestuous practices, denotes you will fall from honorable places, and will also suffer loss in business. Incoherent. To dream of incoherency, usually denotes extreme nervousness and excitement through the oppression of changing events. Income. To dream of coming into the possession of your income, denotes that you may deceive some one and cause trouble to your family and friends. To dream that some of your family inherits an income, predicts success for you. For a woman to dream of losing her income, signifies disappointments in life. To dream that your income is insufficient to support you, denotes trouble to relatives or friends. To dream of a portion of your income remaining, signifies that you will be very successful for a short time, but you may expect more than you receive. Increase. To dream of an increase in your family, may denote failure in some of your plans, and success to another. To dream of an increase in your business, signifies that you will overcome existing troubles. Independent. To dream that you are very independent, denotes that you have a rival who may do you an injustice. To dream that you gain an independence of wealth, you may not be so succcessful{sic} at that time as you expect, but good results are promised. India Rubber. To dream of India rubber, denotes unfavorable changes in your affairs. If you stretch it, you will try to establish a greater business than you can support. Indifference. To dream of indifference, signifies pleasant companions for a very short time. For a young woman to dream that her sweetheart is indifferent to her, signifies that he may not prove his affections in the most appropriate way. To dream that she is indifferent to him, means that she will prove untrue to him. Indigo. To see indigo in a dream, denotes you will deceive friendly persons in order to cheat them out of their be longings. To see indigo water, foretells you will be involved in an ugly love affair. Indigestion. To dream of indigestion, indicates unhealthy and gloomy surroundings. Indistinct. If in your dreams you see objects indistinctly, it portends unfaithfulness in friendships, and uncertain dealings. Indulgence. For a woman to dream of indulgence, denotes that she will not escape unfavorable comment on her conduct. Industry. To dream that you are industrious, denotes that you will be unusually active in planning and working out ideas to further your interests, and that you will be successful in your undertakings. For a lover to dream of being industriously at work, shows he will succeed in business, and that his companion will advance his position. To see others busy, is favorable to the dreamer. Infants. To dream of seeing a newly born infant, denotes pleasant surprises are nearing you. For a young woman to dream she has an infant, foretells she will be accused of indulgence in immoral pastime. To see an infant swimming, portends a fortunate escape from some entanglement. Infirmary. To dream that you leave an infirmary, denotes your escape from wily enemies who will cause you much worry. See Hospital. Infirmities. To dream of infirmities, denotes misfortune in love and business; enemies are not to be misunderstood, and sickness may follow. To dream that you see others infirm, denotes that you may have various troubles and disappointments in business. Influence. If you dream of seeking rank or advancement through the influence of others, your desires will fail to materialize; but if you are in an influential position, your prospects will assume a bright form. To see friends in high positions, your companions will be congenial, and you will be free from vexations. Inheritance. To dream that you receive an inheritance, foretells that you will be successful in easily obtaining your desires. See Estate. Injury. To dream of an injury being done you, signifies that an unfortunate occurrence will soon grieve and vex you. See Hurt. Ink. To see ink spilled over ones clothing, many small and spiteful meannesses will be wrought you through envy. If a young woman sees ink, she will be slandered by a rival. To dream that you have ink on your fingers, you will be jealous and seek to injure some one unless you exercise your better nature. If it is red ink, you will be involved in a serious trouble. To dream that you make ink, you will engage in a low and debasing business, and you will fall into disreputable associations. To see bottles of ink in your dreams, indicates enemies and unsuccessful interests. Ink-stand. Empty ink-stands denote that you will narrowly escape public denunciation for some supposed injustice. To see them filled with ink, if you are not cautious, enemies will succeed in calumniation. Inn. To dream of an inn, denotes prosperity and pleasures, if the inn is commodious and well furnished. To be at a dilapidated and ill kept inn, denotes poor success, or mournful tasks, or unhappy journeys. Inquest. To dream of an inquest, foretells you will be unfortunate in your friendships. Inquisition. To dream of an inquisition, bespeaks for you an endless round of trouble and great disappointment. If you are brought before an inquisition on a charge of wilfulness, you will be unable to defend yourself from malicious slander. Insane. To dream of being insane, forebodes disastrous results to some newly undertaken work, or ill health may work sad changes in your prospects. To see others insane, denotes disagreeable contact with suffering and appeals from the poverty-stricken. The utmost care should be taken of the health after this dream. Inscription. To dream you see an inscription, foretells you will shortly receive unpleasant communications. If you are reading them on tombs, you will be distressed by sickness of a grave nature. To write one, you will lose a valued friend. Insolvent. If you dream that you are insolvent, you will not have to resort to this means to square yourself with the world, as your energy and pride will enable you to transact business in a fair way. But other worries may sorely afflict you. To dream that others are insolvent, you will meet with honest men in your dealings, but by their frankness they may harm you. For a young woman, it means her sweetheart will be honest and thrifty, but vexatious discords may arise in her affairs. Intemperance. To dream of being intemperate in the use of your intellectual forces, you will seek after foolish knowledge fail to benefit yourself, and give pain and displeasure to your friends. If you are intemperate in love, or other passions, you will reap disease or loss of fortune and esteem. For a young woman to thus dream, she will lose a lover and incur the displeasure of close friends. Intercede. To intercede for some one in your dreams, shows you will secure aid when you desire it most. Intermarry. To dream of intermarrying, denotes quarrels and contentions which will precipitate you into trouble and loss. Interpreter. To dream of an interpreter, denotes you will undertake affairs which will fail in profit. Intestine. To dream of seeing intestines, signifies you are about to be visited by a grave calamity, which will remove some friend. To see your own intestines, denotes grave situations are closing around you; sickness of a nature to affect you in your daily communications with others threatens you. Probable loss, with much displeasure, is also denoted. If you think you lay them upon something, which turns out to be a radiator, and they begin to grow hot and make you very uncomfortable, and you ask others to assist you, and they refuse, it foretells unexpected calamity, which will probably come in the form of a desperate illness or a misfortune for which you will be censured by those formerly your friends. You may have trouble in extricating yourself from an unpromising predicament. Intoxication. To dream of intoxication, denotes that you are cultivating your desires for illicit pleasures. See Drunk. Inundation. To dream of seeing cities or country submerged in dark, seething waters, denotes great misfortune and loss of life through some dreadful calamity. To see human beings swept away in an inundation, portends bereavements and despair, making life gloomy and unprofitable. To see a large area inundated with clear water, denotes profit and ease after seemingly hopeless struggles with fortune. See Food. Invalid. To dream of invalids, is a sign of displeasing companions interfering with your interest. To think you are one, portends you are threatened with displeasing circumstances. Invective. To dream of using invectives, warns you of passionate outbursts of anger, which may estrange you from close companions. To hear others using them, enemies are closing you in to apparent wrong and deceits. Inventor. To dream of an inventor, foretells you will soon achieve some unique work which will add honor to your name. To dream that you are inventing something, or feel interested in some invention, denotes you will aspire to fortune and will be successful in your designs. Invite. To dream that you invite persons to visit you, denotes that some unpleasant event is near, and will cause worry and excitement in your otherwise pleasant surroundings. If you are invited to make a visit, you will receive sad news. For a woman to dream that she is invited to attend a party, she will have pleasant anticipations, but ill luck will mar them. Iron. To dream of iron, is a harsh omen of distress. To feel an iron weight bearing you down, signifies mental perplexities and material losses. To strike with iron, denotes selfishness and cruelty to those dependent upon you. To dream that you manufacture iron, denotes that you will use unjust means to accumulate wealth. To sell iron, you will have doubtful success, and your friends will not be of noble character. To see old, rusty iron, signifies poverty and disappointment. To dream that the price of iron goes down, you will realize that fortune is a very unsafe factor in your life. If iron advances, you will see a gleam of hope in a dark prospectus. To see red-hot iron in your dreams, denotes failure for you by misapplied energy. Ironing. To dream of ironing, denotes domestic comforts and orderly business. If a woman dreams that she burns her hands while ironing, it foretells she will have illness or jealousy to disturb her peace. If she scorches the clothes, she will have a rival who will cause her much displeasure and suspicions. If the irons seem too cold, she will lack affection in her home. Island. To dream that you are on an island in a clear stream, signifies pleasant journeys and fortunate enterprises. To a woman, this omens a happy marriage. A barren island, indicates forfeiture of happiness and money through intemperance. To see an island, denotes comfort and easy circumstances after much striving and worrying to meet honorable obligations. To see people on an island, denotes a struggle to raise yourself higher in prominent circles. Itch. To see persons with the itch, and you endeavor to escape contact, you will stand in fear of distressing results when your endeavors will bring pleasant success. If you dream you have the itch yourself, you will be harshly used, and will defend yourself by incriminating others. For a young woman to have this dream, omens she will fall into dissolute companionship. To dream that you itch, denotes unpleasant avocations. Ivory. To dream of ivory, is favorable to the fortune of the dreamer. To see huge pieces of ivory being carried, denotes financial success and pleasures unalloyed. Ivy. To dream of seeing ivy growing on trees or houses, predicts excellent health and increase of fortune. Innumerable joys will succeed this dream. To a young woman, it augurs many prized distinctions. If she sees ivy clinging to the wall in the moonlight, she will have clandestine meetings with young men. Withered ivy, denotes broken engagements and sadness. J. Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions. Job vii, 14 Jackdaw. To see a jackdaw, denotes ill health and quarrels. To catch one, you will outwit enemies. To kill one, you will come into possession of disputed property. Jail. To see others in jail, you will be urged to grant privileges to persons whom you believe to be unworthy To see negroes in jail, denotes worries and loss through negligence of underlings. For a young woman to dream that her lover is in jail, she will be disappointed in his character, as he will prove a deceiver. See Gaol. Jailer. To see a jailer, denotes that treachery will embarrass your interests and evil women will enthrall you. To see a mob attempting to break open a jail, is a forerunner of evil, and desperate measures will be used to extort money and bounties from you. Jam. To dream of eating jam, if pure, denotes pleasant surprises and journeys. To dream of making jam, foretells to a woman a happy home and appreciative friends. Janitor. To dream of a janitor, denotes bad management and disobedient children. Unworthy servants will annoy you. To look for a janitor and fail to find him, petty annoyances will disturb your otherwise placid existence. If you find him, you will have pleasant associations with strangers, and your affairs will have no hindrances. January. To dream of this month, denotes you will be afflicted with unloved companions or children. Jar. To dream of empty jars, denotes impoverishment and distress. To see them full, you will be successful. If you buy jars, your success will be precarious and your burden will be heavy. To see broken jars, distressing sickness or deep disappointment awaits you. Jasper. To dream of seeing jasper, is a happy omen, bringing success and love. For a young woman to lose a jasper, is a sign of disagreement with her lover. Jaundice. To dream that you have the jaundice, denotes prosperity after temporary embarrassments. To see others with jaundice, you will be worried with unpleasant companions and discouraging prospects. Javelin. To dream of defending yourself with a javelin, your most private affairs will be searched into to establish claims of dishonesty, and you will prove your innocence after much wrangling. If you are pierced by a javelin, enemies will succeed in giving you trouble. To see others carrying javelins, your interests are threatened. Jaws. To dream of seeing heavy, misshapen jaws, denotes disagreements, and ill feeling will be shown between friends. If you dream that you are in the jaws of a wild beast, enemies will work injury to your affairs and happiness. This is a vexatious and perplexing dream. If your own jaws ache with pain, you will be exposed to climatic changes, and malaria may cause you loss in health and finances. Jay-bird. To dream of a jay-bird, foretells pleasant visits from friends and interesting gossips. To catch a jay-bird, denotes pleasant, though unfruitful, tasks. To see a dead jay-bird, denotes domestic unhappiness and many vicissitudes. Jealousy. To dream that you are jealous of your wife, denotes the influence of enemies and narrow-minded persons. If jealous of your sweetheart, you will seek to displace a rival. If a woman dreams that she is jealous of her husband, she will find many shocking incidents to vex and make her happiness a travesty. If a young woman is jealous of her lover, she will find that he is more favorably impressed with the charms of some other woman than herself. If men and women are jealous over common affairs, they will meet many unpleasant worries in the discharge of every-day business. Jelly. To dream of eating jelly, many pleasant interruptions will take place. For a woman to dream of making jelly, signifies she will enjoy pleasant reunions with friends. Jessamine. To dream of jessamine, denotes you are approximating some exquisite pleasure, but which will be fleeting. Jester. To dream of a jester, foretells you will ignore important things in looking after silly affairs. Jew. To dream of being in company with a Jew, signifies untiring ambition and an irrepressible longing after wealth and high position, which will be realized to a very small extent. To have transactions with a Jew, you will prosper legally in important affairs. For a young woman to dream of a Jew, omens that she will mistake flattery for truth, and find that she is only a companion for pleasure. For a man to dream of a Jewess, denotes that his desires run parallel with voluptuousness and easy comfort. He should constitute himself womans defender. For a Gentile to dream of Jews, signifies worldly cares and profit from dealing with them. To argue with them, your reputation is endangered from a business standpoint. Jewelry. To dream of broken jewelry, denotes keen disappointment in attaining ones highest desires. If the jewelry be cankered, trusted friends will fail you, and business cares will be on you. Jewels. To dream of jewels, denotes much pleasure and riches. To wear them, brings rank and satisfied ambitions. To see others wearing them, distinguished places will be held by you, or by some friend. To dream of jeweled garments, betokens rare good fortune to the dreamer. Inheritance or speculation will raise him to high positions. If you inherit jewelry, your prosperity will be unusual, but not entirely satisfactory. To dream of giving jewelry away, warns you that some vital estate is threatening you. For a young woman to dream that she receives jewelry, indicates much pleasure and a desirable marriage. To dream that she loses jewels, she will meet people who will flatter and deceive her. To find jewels, denotes rapid and brilliant advancement in affairs of interest. To give jewels away, you will unconsciously work detriment to yourself. To buy them, proves that you will be very successful in momentous affairs, especially those pertaining to the heart. Jews-harp. To dream of a Jews-harp, foretells you will experience a slight improvement in your affairs. To play one, is a sign that you will fall in love with a stranger. Jig. To dance a jig, denotes cheerful occupations and light pleasures. To see negroes dancing a jig, foolish worries will offset pleasure. To see your sweetheart dancing a jig, your companion will be possessed with a merry and hopeful disposition. To see ballet girls dancing a jig, you will engage in undignified amusements and follow low desires. Jockey. To dream of a jockey, omens you will appreciate a gift from an unexpected source. For a young woman to dream that she associates with a jockey, or has one for a lover, indicates she will win a husband out of her station. To see one thrown from a horse, signifies you will be called on for aid by strangers. Jolly. To dream that you feel jolly and are enjoying the merriment of companions, you will realize pleasure from the good behavior of children and have satisfying results in business. If there comes the least rift in the merriment, worry will intermingle with the success of the future. Journey. To dream that you go on a journey, signifies profit or a disappointment, as the travels are pleasing and successful or as accidents and disagreeable events take active part in your journeying. To see your friends start cheerfully on a journey, signifies delightful change and more harmonious companions than you have heretofore known. If you see them depart looking sad, it may be many moons before you see them again. Power and loss are implied. To make a long-distance journey in a much shorter time than you expected, denotes you will accomplish some work in a surprisingly short time, which will be satisfactory in the way of reimbursement. Journeyman. To dream of a journeyman, denotes you are soon to lose money by useless travels. For a woman, this dream brings pleasant trips, though unexpected ones. Joy. To dream that you feel joy over any event, denotes harmony among friends. Jubilee. To dream of a jubilee, denotes many pleasureable enterprises in which you will be a participant. For a young woman, this is a favorable dream, pointing to matrimony and increase of temporal blessings. To dream of a religious jubilee, denotes close but comfortable environments. Judge. To dream of coming before a judge, signifies that disputes will be settled by legal proceedings. Business or divorce cases may assume gigantic proportions. To have the case decided in your favor, denotes a successful termination to the suit; if decided against you, then you are the aggressor and you should seek to right injustice. Judgment Day. To dream of the judgment day, foretells that you will accomplish some well-planned work, if you appear resigned and hopeful of escaping punishment. Otherwise, your work will prove a failure. For a young woman to appear before the judgment bar and hear the verdict of Guilty, denotes that she will cause much distress among her friends by her selfish and unbecoming conduct. If she sees the dead rising, and all the earth solemnly and fearfully awaiting the end, there will be much struggling for her, and her friends will refuse her aid. It is also a forerunner of unpleasant gossip, and scandal is threatened. Business may assume hopeless aspects. Jug. If you dream of jugs well filled with transparent liquids, your welfare is being considered by more than yourself. Many true friends will unite to please and profit you. If the jugs are empty, your conduct will estrange you from friends and station. Broken jugs, indicate sickness and failures in employment. If you drink wine from a jug, you will enjoy robust health and find pleasure in all circles. Optimistic views will possess you. To take an unpleasant drink from a jug, disappointment and disgust will follow pleasant anticipations. July. To dream of this month, denotes you will be depressed with gloomy outlooks, but, as suddenly, your spirits will rebound to unimagined pleasure and good fortune. Jumping. If you dream of jumping over any object, you will succeed in every endeavor; but if you jump and fall back, disagreeable affairs will render life almost intolerable. To jump down from a wall, denotes reckless speculations and disappointment in love. Jumping-jack. To dream of a jumping-jack, denotes that idleness and trivial pastimes will occupy your thoughts to the exclusion of serious and sustaining plans. June. To dream of June, foretells unusual gains in all undertakings. For a woman to think that vegetation is decaying, or that a drouth is devastating the land, she will have sorrow and loss which will be lasting in its effects. Juniper. To dream of seeing a juniper tree, portends happiness and wealth out of sorrow and depressed conditions. For a young woman, this dreams omens a bright future after disappointing love affairs. To the sick, this is an augury of speedy recovery. To eat, or gather, the berries of a juniper tree, foretells trouble and sickness. Jury. To dream that you are on the jury, denotes dissatisfaction with your employments, and you will seek to materially change your position. If you are cleared from a charge by the jury, your business will be successful and affairs will move your way, but if you should be condemned, enemies will overpower you and harass you beyond endurance. Justice. To dream that you demand justice from a person, denotes that you are threatened with embarrassments through the false statements of people who are eager for your downfall. If some one demands the same of you, you will find that your conduct and reputation are being assailed, and it will be extremely doubtful if you refute the charges satisfactorily. K. In thoughts from the vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.-Job iv, 13-14. Kaleidoscope. Kaleidoscopes working before you in a dream, portend swift changes with little of favorable promise in them. Kangaroo. To see a kangaroo in your dreams, you will outwit a wily enemy who seeks to place you in an unfavorable position before the public and the person you are striving to win. If a kangaroo attacks you, your reputation will be in jeopardy. If you kill one, you will succeed in spite of enemies and obstacles. To see a kangaroos hide, denotes that you are in a fair way to success. Katydids. To dream of hearing katydids, is a prognostic of misfortune and unusual dependence on others. If any sick person ask you what they are, foretells there will be surprising events in your present and future. For a woman to see them, signifies she will have a quarrelsome husband or lover. Keg. To dream of a keg, denotes you will have a struggle to throw off oppression. Broken ones, indicate separation from family or friends. Kettle. To see kettles in your dream, denotes great and laborious work before you. To see a kettle of boiling water, your struggles will soon end and a change will come to you. To see a broken kettle, denotes failure after a mighty effort to work out a path to success. For a young woman to dream of handling dark kettles, foretells disappointment in love and marriage; but a light-colored kettle brings to her absolute freedom from care, and her husband will be handsome and worthy. Key. To dream of keys, denotes unexpected changes. If the keys are lost, unpleasant adventures will affect you. To find keys, brings domestic peace and brisk turns to business. Broken keys, portends separation either through death or jealousy. For a young woman to dream of losing the key to any personal ornament, denotes she will have quarrels with her lover, and will suffer much disquiet therefrom. If she dreams of unlocking a door with a key, she will have a new lover and have over-confidence in him. If she locks a door with a key, she will be successful in selecting a husband. If she gives the key away, she will fail to use judgment in conversation and darken her own reputation. Keyhole. To dream that you spy upon others through a keyhole, you will damage some person by disclosing confidence. If you catch others peeping through a keyhole, you will have false friends delving into your private matters to advance themselves over you. To dream that you cannot find the keyhole, you will unconsciously injure a friend. Kid. To dream of a kid, denotes you will not be over-scrupulous in your morals or pleasures. You will be likely to bring grief to some loving heart. Kidneys. To dream about your kidneys, foretells you are threatened with a serious illness, or there will be trouble in marriage relations for you. If they act too freely, you will be a party to some racy intrigue. If they refuse to perform their work, there will be a sensation, and to your detriment. If you eat kidney-stew, some officious person will cause you disgust in some secret lover affair. Killing. To dream of killing a defenseless man, prognosticates sorrow and failure in affairs. If you kill one in defense, or kill a ferocious beast, it denotes victory and a rise in position. King. To dream of a king, you are struggling with your might, and ambition is your master. To dream that you are crowned king, you will rise above your comrades and co-workers. If you are censured by a king, you will be reproved for a neglected duty. For a young woman to be in the presence of a king, she will marry a man whom she will fear. To receive favors from a king, she will rise to exalted positions and be congenially wedded. Kiss. To dream that you see children kissing, denotes happy reunions in families and satisfactory work. To dream that you kiss your mother, you will be very successful in your enterprises, and be honored and beloved by your friends. To kiss a brother or sister, denotes much pleasure and good in your association. To kiss your sweetheart in the dark, denotes dangers and immoral engagements. To kiss her in the light, signifies honorable intentions occupy your mind always in connection with women. To kiss a strange woman, denotes loose morals and perverted integrity. To dream of kissing illicitly, denotes dangerous past-times. The indulgence of a low passion may bring a tragedy into well-thought-of homes. To see your rival kiss your sweetheart, you are in danger of losing her esteem. For married people to kiss each other, denotes that harmony is prized in the home life. To dream of kissing a person on the neck, denotes passionate inclinations and weak mastery of self. If you dream of kissing an enemy, you will make advance towards reconciliation with an angry friend. For a young woman to dream that some person sees her kiss her lover, indicates that spiteful envy is entertained for her by a false friend. For her to see her lover kiss another, she will be disappointed in her hopes of marriage. Kitchen. To dream of a kitchen, denotes you will be forced to meet emergencies which will depress your spirits. For a woman to dream that her kitchen is clear. and orderly, foretells she will become the mistress of interesting fortunes. Kite. To dream of flying a kite, denotes a great show of wealth, or business, but with little true soundness to it all. To see the kite thrown upon the ground, foretells disappointment and failure. To dream of making a kite, you will speculate largely on small means and seek to win the one you love by misrepresentations. To see children flying kites, denotes pleasant and light occupation. If the kite ascends beyond the vision high hopes and aspirations will resolve themselves into disappointments and loss. Kitten. For a woman to dream of a beautiful fat, white kitten, omens artful deception will be practised upon her, which will almost ensnare her to destruction, but her good sense and judgment will prevail in warding off unfortunate complications. If the kittens are soiled, or colored and lean, she will be victimized into glaring indiscretions. To dream of kittens, denotes abominable small troubles and vexations will pursue and work you loss, unless you kill the kitten, and then you will overcome these worries. To see snakes kill kittens, you have enemies who in seeking to injure you will work harm to themselves. See Cats. Knapsack. To see a knapsack while dreaming, denotes you will find your greatest pleasure away from the associations of friends. For a woman to see an old dilapidated one, means poverty and disagreeableness for her. Knee. To dream that your knees are too large, denotes sudden ill luck for you. If they are stiff and pain you, swift and fearful calamity awaits you. For a woman to dream that she has well-formed and smooth knees, predicts she will have many admirers, but none to woo her in wedlock. If they are soiled, sickness from dissipation is portended. If they are unshapely, unhappy changes in her fortune will displace ardent hopes. To dream of knees is an unfortunate omen. Knife. To dream of a knife is bad for the dreamer, as it portends separation and quarrels, and losses in affairs of a business character. To see rusty knives, means dissatisfaction, and complaints of those in the home, and separation of lovers. Sharp knives and highly polished, denotes worry. Foes are ever surrounding you. Broken knives, denotes defeat whatever the pursuit, whether in love or business. To dream that you are wounded with a knife, foretells domestic troubles, in which disobedient children will figure largely. To the unmarried, it denotes that disgrace may follow. To dream that you stab another with a knife, denotes baseness of character, and you should strive to cultivate a higher sense of right. Knife Grinder. To dream of a knife grinder, foretells unwarrantable liberties will be taken with your possessions. For a woman, this omens unhappy unions and much drudgery. Knitting. For a woman to dream of knitting, denotes that she will possess a quiet and peaceful home, where a loving companion and dutiful children delight to give pleasure. For a man to be in a kniting-mill, indicates thrift and a solid rise in prospects. For a young woman to dream of knitting, is an omen of a hasty but propitious marriage. For a young woman to dream that she works in a knitting-mill, denotes that she will have a worthy and loyal lover. To see the mill in which she works dilapidated, she will meet with reverses in fortune and love. Knocker. To dream of using a knocker, foretells you will be forced to ask aid and counsel of others. Knocking. To hear knocking in your dreams, denotes that tidings of a grave nature will soon be received by you. If you are awakened by the knocking, the news will affect you the more seriously. Knots. To dream of seeing knots, denotes much worry over the most trifling affairs. If your sweetheart notices another, you will immediately find cause to censure him. To tie a knot, signifies an independent nature, and you will refuse to be nagged by ill-disposed lover or friend. Krishna. To see Krishna in your dreams, denotes that your greatest joy will be in pursuit of occult knowledge, and you will school yourself to the taunts of friends, and cultivate a philosophical bearing toward life and sorrow. L. And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it to his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. Gen. xxxvii, 9. Label. To dream of a label, foretells you will let an enemy see the inside of your private affairs, and will suffer from the negligence. Labor. To dream that you watch domestic animals laboring under heavy burdens, denotes that you will be prosperous, but unjust to your servants, or those employed by you. To see men toiling, signifies profitable work, and robust health. To labor yourself, denotes favorable outlook for any new enterprise, and bountiful crops if the dreamer is interested in farming. Laboratory. To dream of being in a laboratory, denotes great energies wasted in unfruitful enterprises when you might succeed in some more practical business. If you think yourself an alchemist, and try to discover a process to turn other things into gold, you will entertain far-reaching and interesting projects, but you will fail to reach the apex of your ambition. Wealth will prove a myth, and the woman you love will hold a false position towards you. Labyrinth. If you dream of a labyrinth, you will find yourself entangled in intricate and perplexing business conditions, and your wife will make the home environment intolerable; children and sweethearts will prove ill-tempered and unattractive. If you are in a labyrinth of night or darkness, it foretells passing, but agonizing sickness and trouble. A labyrinth of green vines and timbers, denotes unexpected happiness from what was seemingly a cause for loss and despair. In a network, or labyrinth of railroads, assures you of long and tedious journeys. Interesting people will be met, but no financial success will aid you on these journeys. Lace. See to it, if you are a lover, that your sweetheart wears lace, as this dream brings fidelity in love and a rise in position. If a woman dreams of lace, she will be happy in the realization of her most ambitious desires, and lovers will bow to her edict. No questioning or imperiousness on their part. If you buy lace, you will conduct an expensive establishment, but wealth will be a solid friend. If you sell laces, your desires will outrun your resources. For a young girl to dream of making lace, forecasts that she will win a handsome, wealthy husband. If she dreams of garnishing her wedding garments with lace, she will be favored with lovers who will bow to her charms, but the wedding will be far removed from her. Ladder. To dream of a ladder being raised for you to ascend to some height, your energetic and nervy qualifications will raise you into prominence in business affairs. To ascend a ladder, means prosperity and unstinted happiness. To fall from one, denotes despondency and unsuccessful transactions to the tradesman, and blasted crops to the farmer. To see a broken ladder, betokens failure in every instance. To descend a ladder, is disappointment in business, and unrequited desires. To escape from captivity, or confinement, by means of a ladder, you will be successful, though many perilous paths may intervene. To grow dizzy as you ascend a ladder, denotes that you will not wear new honors serenely. You are likely to become haughty and domineering in your newly acquired position. See Hill, Ascend, or Fall. Ladle. To see a ladle in your dreams, denotes you will be fortunate in the selection of a companion. Children will prove sources of happiness. If the ladle is broken or uncleanly, you will have a grievous loss. Lagoon. To dream of a lagoon, denotes that you will be drawn into a whirlpool of doubt and confusion through misapplication of your intelligence. Lake. For a young woman to dream that she is alone on a turbulent and muddy lake, foretells many vicissitudes are approaching her, and she will regret former extravagances, and disregard of virtuous teaching. If the water gets into the boat, but by intense struggling she reaches the boat-house safely, it denotes she will be under wrong persuasion, but will eventually overcome it, and rise to honor and distinction. It may predict the illness of some one near her. If she sees a young couple in the same position as herself, who succeed in rescuing themselves, she will find that some friend has committed indiscretions, but will succeed in reinstating himself in her favor. To dream of sailing on a clear and smooth lake, with happy and congenial companions, you will have much happiness, and wealth will meet your demands. A muddy lake, surrounded with bleak rocks and bare trees, denotes unhappy terminations to business and affection. A muddy lake, surrounded by green trees, portends that the moral in your nature will fortify itself against passionate desires, and overcoming the same will direct your energy into a safe and remunerative channel. If the lake be clear and surrounded by barrenness, a profitable existence will be marred by immoral and passionate dissipation. To see yourself reflected in a clear lake, denotes coming joys and many ardent friends. To see foliaged trees reflected in the lake, you will enjoy to a satiety Loves draught of passion and happiness. To see slimy and uncanny inhabitants of the lake rise up and menace you, denotes failure and ill health from squandering time, energy and health on illicit pleasures. You will drain the utmost drop of happiness, and drink deeply of Remorses bitter concoction. Lamb. To dream of lambs frolicing{sic} in green pastures, betokens chaste friendships and joys. Bounteous and profitable crops to the farmers, and increase of possessions for others. To see a dead lamb, signifies sadness and desolation. Blood showing on the white fleece of a lamb, denotes that innocent ones will suffer from betrayal through the wrong doing of others. A lost lamb, denotes that wayward people will be under your influence, and you should be careful of your conduct. To see lamb skins, denotes comfort and pleasure usurped from others. To slaughter a lamb for domestic uses, prosperity will be gained through the sacrifice of pleasure and contentment. To eat lamb chops, denotes illness, and much anxiety over the welfare of children. To see lambs taking nourishment from their mothers, denotes happiness through pleasant and intelligent home companions, and many lovable and beautiful children. To dream that dogs, or wolves devour lambs, innocent people will suffer at the hands of insinuating and designing villains. To hear the bleating of lambs, your generosity will be appealed to. To see them in a winter storm, or rain, denotes disappointment in expected enjoyment and betterment of fortune. To own lambs in your dreams, signifies that your environments will be pleasant and profitable. If you carry lambs in your arms, you will be encumbered with happy cares upon which you will lavish a wealth of devotion, and no expense will be regretted in responding to appeals from the objects of your affection. To shear lambs, shows that you will be cold and mercenary. You will be honest, but inhumane. For a woman to dream that she is peeling the skin from a lamb, and while doing so, she discovers that it is her child, denotes that she will cause others sorrow which will also rebound to her grief and loss. Fair prototype of innocence, Sleep upon thy emerald bed, No coming evil vents A shade above thy head. See Sheep. Lame. For a woman to dream of seeing any one lame, foretells that her pleasures and hopes will be unfruitful and disappointing. See Cripple. Lament. To dream that you bitterly lament the loss of friends, or property, signifies great struggles and much distress, from which will spring causes for joy and personal gain. To lament the loss of relatives, denotes sickness or disappointments, which will bring you into closer harmony with companions, and will result in brighter prospects for the future. Lamp. To see lamps filled with oil, denotes the demonstration of business activity, from which you will receive gratifying results. Empty lamps, represent depression and despondency. To see lighted lamps burning with a clear flame, indicates merited rise in fortune and domestic bliss. If they give out a dull, misty radiance, you will have jealousy and envy, coupled with suspicion, to combat, in which you will be much pleased to find the right person to attack. To drop a lighted lamp, your plans and hopes will abruptly turn into failure. If it explodes, former friends will unite with enemies in damaging your interests. Broken lamps, indicate the death of relatives or friends. To light a lamp, denotes that you will soon make a change in your affairs, which will lead to profit. To carry a lamp, portends that you will be independent and self-sustaining, preferring your own convictions above others. If the light fails, you will meet with unfortunate conclusions, and perhaps the death of friends or relatives. If you are much affrighted, and throw a bewildering light from your window, enemies will ensnare you with professions of friendship and interest in your achievements. To ignite your apparel from a lamp, you will sustain humiliation from sources from which you expected encouragement and sympathy, and your business will not be fraught with much good. Lamp-post. To see a lamp-post in your dreams, some stranger will prove your staunchiest friend in time of pressing need. To fall against a lamp-post, you will have deception to overcome, or enemies will ensnare you. To see a lamp-post across your path, you will have much adversity in your life. Lance. To dream of a lance, denotes formidable enemies and injurious experiments. To be wounded by a lance, error of judgment will cause you annoyance. To break a lance, denotes seeming impossibilities will be overcome and your desires will be fulfilled. Land. To dream of land, when it appears fertile, omens good; but if sterile and rocky, failure and dispondency is prognosticated. To see land from the ocean, denotes that vast avenues of prosperity and happiness will disclose themselves to you. Landau. To dream that you ride in a landau, with your friend or sweetheart, denotes that incidents of a light, but pleasant character will pass in rapid succession through your life. If the vehicle is overturned, then pleasure will abruptly turn into woe. See Fields ant Earth. Lantern. To dream of seeing a lantern going before you in the darkness, signifies unexpected affluence. If the lantern is suddenly lost to view, then your success will take an unfavorable turn. To carry a lantern in your dreams, denotes that your benevolence will win you many friends. If it goes out, you fail to gain the prominence you wish. If you stumble and break it, you will seek to aid others, and in so doing lose your own station, or be disappointed in some undertaking. To clean a lantern, signifies great possibilities are open to you. To lose a lantern, means business depression, and disquiet in the home. If you buy a lantern, it signifies fortunate deals. For a young woman to dream that she lights her lovers lantern, foretells for her a worthy man, and a comfortable home. If she blows it out, by her own imprudence she will lose a chance of getting married. Lap. To dream of sitting on some persons lap, denotes pleasant security from vexing engagements. If a young woman dreams that she is holding a person on her lap, she will be exposed to unfavorable criticism. To see a serpent in her lap, foretells she is threatened with humiliation at the hands of enemies. If she sees a cat in her lap, she will be endangered by a seductive enemy. Lap-dog. To dream of a lap-dog, foretells you will be succored by friends in some approaching dilemma If it be thin and ill-looking, there will be distressing occurrences to detract from your prospects. Lap-robe. To dream of a lap-robe, indicates suspicious engagements will place you under the surveillance of enemies or friends. To lose one, your actions will be condemned by enemies to injure your affairs. Lard. To dream of lard, signifies a rise in fortune will soon gratify you. For a woman to find her hand in melted lard, foretells her disappointment in attempting to rise in social circles. Lark. To see larks flying, denotes high aims and purposes through the attainment of which you will throw off selfishness and cultivate kindly graces of mind. To hear them singing as they fly, you will be very happy in a new change of abode, and business will flourish. To see them fall to the earth and singing as they fall, despairing gloom will overtake you in pleasures bewildering delights. A wounded or dead lark, portends sadness or death. To kill a lark, portends injury to innocence through wantonness. If they fly around and light on you, Fortune will turn her promising countenance towards you. To catch them in traps, you will win honor and love easily. To see them eating, denotes a plentiful harvest. Latch. To dream of a latch, denotes you will meet urgent appeals for aid, to which you will respond unkindly. To see a broken latch, foretells disagreements with your dearest friend. Sickness is also foretold in this dream. Latin. To dream of studying this language, denotes victory and distinction in your efforts to sustain your opinion on subjects of grave interest to the public welfare. Laudanum. To dream that you take laudanum, signifies weakness of your own; and that you will have a tendency to be unduly influenced by others. You should cultivate determination. To prevent others from taking this drug, indicates that you will be the means of conveying great joy and good to people. To see your lover taking laudanum through disappointment, signifies unhappy affairs and the loss of a friend. To give it, slight ailments will attack some member of your domestic circle. Laughing. To dream that you laugh and feel cheerful, means success in your undertakings, and bright companions socially. Laughing immoderately at some weird object, denotes disappointment and lack of harmony in your surroundings. To hear the happy laughter of children, means joy and health to the dreamer. To laugh at the discomfiture of others, denotes that you will wilfully injure your friends to gratify your own selfish desires. To hear mocking laughter, denotes illness and disappointing affairs. Laundry. To dream of laundering clothes, denotes struggles, but a final victory in winning fortune. If the clothes are done satisfactorily, then your endeavors will bring complete happiness. If they come out the reverse, your fortune will fail to procure pleasure. To see pretty girls at this work, you will seek pleasure out of your rank. If a laundryman calls at your house, you are in danger of sickness, or of losing something very valuable. To see laundry wagons, portends rivalry and contention. Laurel. Dreaming of the laurel, brings success and fame. You will acquire new possessions in love. Enterprises will be laden with gain. For a young woman to wreath laurel about her lovers head, denotes that she will have a faithful man, and one of fame to woo her. Law and Lawsuits. To dream of engaging in a lawsuit, warns you of enemies who are poisoning public opinion against you. If you know that the suit is dishonest on your part, you will seek to dispossess true owners for your own advancement. If a young man is studying law, he will make rapid rise in any chosen profession. For a woman to dream that she engages in a law suit, means she will be calumniated, and find enemies among friends. See Judge and Jury. Lawns. To dream of walking upon well-kept lawns, denotes occasions for joy and great prosperity. To join a merry party upon a lawn, denotes many secular amusements, and business engagements will be successfully carried on. For a young woman to wait upon a green lawn for the coming of a friend or lover, denotes that her most ardent wishes concerning wealth and marriage will be gratified. If the grass be dead and the lawn marshy, quarrels and separation may be expected. To see serpents crawling in the grass before you, betrayal and cruel insinuations will fill you with despair. Lawyer. For a young woman to dream that she is connected in any way with a lawyer, foretells that she will unwittingly commit indiscretions, which will subject her to unfavorable and mortifying criticism. See Attorney. Lazy. To dream of feeling lazy, or acting so, denotes you will make a mistake in the formation of enterprises, and will suffer keen disappointment. For a young woman to think her lover is lazy, foretells she will have bad luck in securing admiration. Her actions will discourage men who mean marriage. Lead. To dream of lead, foretells poor success in any engagement. A lead mine, indicates that your friends will look with suspicion on your money making. Your sweetheart will surprise you with her deceit and ill temper. To dream of lead ore, foretells distress and accidents. Business will assume a gloomy cast. To hunt for lead, denotes discontentment, and a constant changing of employment. To melt lead, foretells that by impatience you will bring failure upon yourself and others. Leaking. To dream of seeing a leak in anything, is usually significant of loss and vexations. Leaping. For a young woman to dream of leaping over an obstruction, denotes that she will gain her desires after much struggling and opposition. See Jumping. Learning. To dream of learning, denotes that you will take great interest in acquiring knowledge, and if you are economical of your time, you will advance far into the literary world. To enter halls, or places of learning, denotes rise from obscurity, and finance will be a congenial adherent. To see learned men, foretells that your companions will be interesting and prominent. For a woman to dream that she is associated in any way with learned people, she will be ambitious and excel in her endeavors to rise into prominence. Leather. To dream of leather, denotes successful business and favorable engagements with women. You will go into lucky speculations if you dream that you are dressed in leather. Ornaments of leather, denotes faithfulness in love and to the home. Piles of leather, denotes fortune and happiness. To deal in leather, signifies no change in the disposition of your engagements is necessary for successful accumulation of wealth. Leaves. To dream of leaves, denotes happiness and wonderful improvement in your business. Withered leaves, indicate false hopes and gloomy forebodings will harass your spirit into a whirlpool of despondency and loss. If a young woman dreams of withered leaves, she will be left lonely on the road to conjugality. Death is sometimes implied. If the leaves are green and fresh, she will come into a legacy and marry a wealthy and prepossessing husband. Ledger. To dream of keeping a ledger, you will have perplexities and disappointing conditions to combat. To dream that you make wrong entries on your ledger, you will have small disputes and a slight loss will befall you. To put a ledger into a safe, you will be able to protect your rights under adverse circumstances. To get your ledger misplaced, your interests will go awry through neglect of duty. To dream that your ledger gets destroyed by fire, you will suffer through the carelessness of friends. To dream that you have a woman to keep your ledger, you will lose money trying to combine pleasure with business. For a young woman to dream of ledgers, denotes she will have a solid business man to make her a proposal of marriage. To dream that your ledger has worthless accounts, denotes bad management and losses; but if the accounts are good, then your business will assume improved conditions. Leeches. To dream of leeches, foretells that enemies will run over your interests. If they are applied to you for medicinal purposes, you will have a serious illness tn your family if you escape yourself. To see them applied to others, denotes sickness or trouble to friends. If they should bite you, there is danger for you in unexpected places, and you should heed well this warning. Leeward. To dream of sailing leeward, denotes to the sailor a prosperous and merry voyage. To others, a pleasant journey. Legerdemain. To dream of practising legerdemain, or seeing others doing so, signifies you will be placed in a position where your energy and power of planning will be called into strenuous play to extricate yourself. Legislature. To dream that you are a member of a legislature, foretells you will be vain of your possessions and will treat members of your family unkindly. You will have no real advancement. Legs. If you dream of admiring well-shaped feminine legs, you will lose your judgment, and act very silly over some fair charmer. To see misshapen legs, denotes unprofitable occupations and ill-tempered comrades. A wounded leg, foretells losses and agonizing attacks of malaria. To dream that you have a wooden leg, denotes that you will bemean yourself in a false way to your friends. If ulcers are on your legs, it signifies a drain on your income to aid others. To dream that you have three, or more, legs, indicates that more enterprises are planned in your imagination than will ever benefit you. If you cant use your legs, it portends poverty. To have a leg amputated, you will lose valued friends, and the home influence will render life unbearable. For a young woman to admire her own legs, denotes vanity, and she will be repulsed by the man she admires. If she has hairy legs, she will dominate her husband. If your own legs are clean and well shaped, it denotes a happy future and devoted friends. Lemonade. If you drink lemonade in a dream, you will concur with others in signifying some entertainment as a niggardly device to raise funds for the personal enjoyment of others at your expense. Lemons. To dream of seeing lemons on their native trees among rich foliage, denotes jealousy toward some beloved object, but demonstrations will convince you of the absurdity of the charge. To eat lemons, foretells humiliation and disappointments. Green lemons, denotes sickness and contagion. To see shriveled lemons, denotes divorce, if married, and separation, to lovers. Lending. To dream that you are lending money, foretells difficulties in meeting payments of debts and unpleasant influence in private. To lend other articles, denotes impoverishment through generosity. To refuse to lend things, you will be awake to your interests and keep the respect of friends. For others to offer to lend you articles, or money, denotes prosperity and close friendships. Lentil. If you dream of lentils, it denotes quarrels and unhealthy surroundings. For a young woman, this dream portends dissatisfaction with her lover, but parental advice will cause her to accept the inevitable. Leopard. To dream of a leopard attacking you, denotes that while the future seemingly promises fair, success holds many difficulties through misplaced confidence. To kill one, intimates victory in your affairs. To see one caged, denotes that enemies will surround but fail to injure you. To see leopards in their native place trying to escape from you, denotes that you will be embarrassed in business or love, but by persistent efforts you will overcome difficulties. To dream of a leopards skin, denotes that your interests will be endangered by a dishonest person who will win your esteem. Leprosy. To dream that you are infected with this dread disease, foretells sickness, by which you will lose money and incur the displeasure of others. If you see others afflicted thus, you will meet discouraging prospects and love will turn into indifference. Letter. To dream that you see a registered letter, foretells that some money matters will disrupt long-established relations. For a young woman to dream that she receives such a letter, intimates that she will be offered a competency, but it will not be on strictly legal, or moral grounds; others may play towards her a dishonorable part. To the lover, this bears heavy presentments of disagreeable mating. His sweetheart will covet other gifts than his own. To dream of an anonymous letter, denotes that you will receive injury from an unsuspected source. To write one, foretells that you will be jealous of a rival, whom you admit to be your superior. To dream of getting letters bearing unpleasant news, denotes difficulties or illness. If the news is of a joyous character, you will have many things to be thankful for. If the letter is affectionate, but is written on green, or colored, paper, you will be slighted in love and business. Despondency will envelop you. Blue ink, denotes constancy and affection, also bright fortune. Red colors in a letter, imply estrangements through suspicion and jealousy, but this may be overcome by wise maneuvering of the suspected party. If a young woman dreams that she receives a letter from her lover and places it near her heart, she will be worried very much by a good-looking rival. Truthfulness is often rewarded with jealousy. If you fail to read the letter, you will lose something either in a business or social way. Letters nearly always bring worry. To have your letter intercepted, rival enemies are working to defame you. To dream of trying to conceal a letter from your sweetheart or wife, intimates that you are interested in unworthy occupations. To dream of a letter with a black border, signifies distress and the death of some relative. To receive a letter written on black paper with white ink, denotes that gloom and disappointment will assail you, and friendly interposition will render small relief. If the letter passes between husband and wife, it means separation under sensational charges. If lovers, look for quarrels and threats of suicide. To business people, it denotes enviousness and covetousness. To dream that you write a letter, denotes that you will be hasty in condemning some one on suspicion, and regrets will follow. A torn letter, indicates that hopeless mistakes may ruin your reputation. To receive a letter by hand, denotes that you are acting ungenerously towards your companions or sweetheart, and you also are not upright in your dealings. To dream often of receiving a letter from a friend, foretells his arrival, or you will hear from him by letter or otherwise. Letter-carrier. If you dream of a letter-carrier coming with your letters, you will soon receive news of an unwelcome and an unpleasant character. To hear his whistle, denotes the unexpected arrival of a visitor. If he passes without your mail, disappointment and sadness will befall you. If you give him letters to mail, you will suffer injury through envy or jealousy. To converse with a letter-carrier, you will implicate yourself in some scandalous proceedings. Letter-file. To see a letter-file in your dreams, is significant of important news, which will cause you an irksome journey. For a woman, this dream implies distressful news and unfaithful friends. Lettuce. To see lettuce growing green and thrifty, denotes that you will enjoy some greatly desired good, after an unimportant embarrassment. If you eat lettuce, illness will separate you from your lover or companion, or perhaps it may be petty jealousy. For a woman to dream of sowing lettuce, portends she will be the cause of her own early sickness or death. To gather it, denotes your superabundant sensitiveness, and that your jealous disposition will cause you unmitigated distress and pain. To buy lettuce, denotes that you will court your own downfall. Liar. To dream of thinking people are liars, foretells you will lose faith in some scheme which you had urgently put forward. For some one to call you a liar, means you will have vexations through deceitful persons. For a woman to think her sweetheart a liar, warns her that her unbecoming conduct is likely to lose her a valued friend. Library. To dream that you are in a library, denotes that you will grow discontented with your environments and associations and seek companionship in study and the exploration of ancient customs. To find yourself in a library for other purpose than study, foretells that your conduct will deceive your friends, and where you would have them believe that you had literary aspirations, you will find illicit assignations. Lice. A dream of lice contains much waking worry and distress. It often implies offensive ailments. Lice on stock, foretells famine and loss. To have lice on your body, denotes that you will conduct yourself unpleasantly with your acquaintances. To dream of catching lice, foretells sickness, and that you will cultivate morbidity. License. To dream of a license, is an omen of disputes and loss. Married women will exasperate your cheerfulness. For a woman to see a marriage license, foretells that she will soon enter unpleasant bonds, which will humiliate her pride. Life-boat. To dream of being in a life-boat, denotes escape from threatened evil. To see a life-boat sinking, friends will contribute to your distress. To be lost in a life-boat, you will be overcome with trouble, in which your friends will be included to some extent. If you are saved, you will escape a great calamity. Life-insurance Man. To see life-insurance men in a dream, means that you are soon to meet a stranger who will contribute to your business interests, and change in your home life is foreshadowed, as interests will be mutual. If they appear distorted or unnatural, the dream is more unfortunate than good. Light. If you dream of light, success will attend you. To dream of weird light, or if the light goes out, you will be disagreeably surprised by some undertaking resulting in nothing. To see a dim light, indicates partial success. Lighthouse. If you see a lighthouse through a storm, difficulties and grief will assail you, but they will disperse before prosperity and happiness. To see a lighthouse from a placid sea, denotes calm joys and congenial friends. Lightning. Lightning in your dreams, foreshadows happiness and prosperity of short duration. If the lightning strikes some object near you, and you feel the shock, you will be damaged by the good fortune of a friend, or you may be worried by gossipers and scandalmongers. To see livid lightning parting black clouds, sorrow and difficulties will follow close on to fortune. If it strikes you, unexpected sorrows will overwhelm you in business or love. To see the lightning above your head, heralds the advent of joy and gain. To see lightning in the south, fortune will hide herself from you for awhile. If in the southwest, luck will come your way. In the west, your prospects will be brighter than formally. In the north, obstacles will have to be removed before your prospects will brighten up. If in the east, you will easily win favors and fortune. Lightning from dark and ominous-looking clouds, is always a forerunner of threats, of loss and of disappointments. Business men should stay close to business, and women near their husbands or mothers; children and the sick should be looked after closely. Lightning-rod. To see a lightning-rod, denotes that threatened destruction to some cherished work will confront you. To see one change into a serpent, foretells enemies will succeed in their schemes against you. If the lightning strikes one, there will be an accident or sudden news to give you sorrow. If you are having one put up, it is a warning to beware how you begin a new enterprise, as you will likely be overtaken by disappointment. To have them taken down, you will change your plans and thereby further your interests. To see many lightning rods, indicates a variety of misfortunes. Lily. To dream of a lily, denotes much chastisement through illness and death. To see lilies growing with their rich foliage, denotes early marriage to the young and subsequent separation through death. To see little children among the flowers, indicates sickness and fragile constitutions to these little ones. For a young woman to dream of admiring, or gathering, lilies, denotes much sadness coupled with joy, as the one she loves will have great physical suffering, if not an early dissolution. If she sees them withered, sorrow is even nearer than she could have suspected. To dream that you breathe the fragrance of lilies, denotes that sorrow will purify and enhance your mental qualities. Lime. To dream of lime, foretells that disaster will prostrate you for a time, but you will revive to greater and richer prosperity than before. Lime-kiln. To dream of a lime-kiln, foretells the immediate future holds no favor for speculations in love or business Limes. To dream of eating limes, foretells continued sickness and adverse straits. Limp. To dream that you limp in your walk, denotes that a small worry will unexpectedly confront you, detracting much from your enjoyment. To see others limping, signifies that you will be naturally offended at the conduct of a friend. Small failures attend this dream. See Cripple and Lamed. Linen. To see linen in your dream, augurs prosperity and enjoyment. If a person appears to you dressed in linen garments, you will shortly be the recipient of joyful tidings in the nature of an inheritance. If you are apparelled in clean, fine linen, your fortune and fullest enjoyment in life is assured. If it be soiled, sorrow and ill luck will be met with occasionally, mingled with the good in your life. Linseed Oil. To see linseed oil in your dreams, denotes your impetuous extravagance will be checked by the kindly interference of a friend. Lion. To dream of a lion, signifies that a great force is driving you. If you subdue the lion, you will be victorious in any engagement. If it overpowers you, then you will be open to the successful attacks of enemies. To see caged lions, denotes that your success depends upon your ability to cope with opposition. To see a man controlling a lion in its cage, or out denotes success in business and great mental power. You will be favorably regarded by women. To see young lions, denotes new enterprises, which will bring success if properly attended. For a young woman to dream of young lions, denotes new and fascinating lovers. For a woman to dream that she sees Daniel in the lions den, signifies that by her intellectual qualifications and personal magnetism she will win fortune and lovers to her highest desire. To hear the roar of a lion, signifies unexpected advancement and preferment with women. To see a lions head over you, showing his teeth by snarls, you are threatened with defeat in your upward rise to power. To see a lions skin, denotes a rise to fortune and happiness. To ride one, denotes courage and persistency in surmounting difficulties. To dream you are defending your children from a lion with a pen-knife, foretells enemies will threaten to overpower you, and will well nigh succeed if you allow any artfulness to persuade you for a moment from duty and business obligations. Lips. To dream of thick, unsightly lips, signifies disagreeable encounters, hasty decision, and ill temper in the marriage relation. Full, sweet, cherry lips, indicates harmony and affluence. To a lover, it augurs reciprocation in love, and fidelity. Thin lips, signifies mastery of the most intricate subjects. Sore, or swollen lips, denotes privations and unhealthful desires. Liquor. To dream of buying liquor, denotes selfish usurpation of property upon which you have no legal claim If you sell it, you will be criticised for niggardly benevolence. To drink some, you will come into doubtful possession of wealth, but your generosity will draw around you convivial friends, and women will seek to entrance and hold you. To see liquor in barrels, denotes prosperity, but unfavorable tendency toward making home pleasant. If in bottles, fortune will appear in a very tangible form. For a woman to dream of handling, or drinking liquor, foretells for her a happy Bohemian kind of existence. She will be good natured but shallow minded. To treat others, she will be generous to rivals, and the indifference of lovers or husband will not seriously offset her pleasures or contentment. Liver. To dream of a disordered liver, denotes a querulous person will be your mate, and fault-finding will occupy her time, and disquiet will fill your hours. To dream of eating liver, indicates that some deceitful person has installed himself in the affection of your sweetheart. Lizard. To dream of lizards, foretells attacks upon you by enemies. If you kill a lizard, you will regain your lost reputation or fortune; but if it should escape, you will meet vexations and crosses in love and business. For a woman to dream that a lizard crawls up her skirt, or scratches her, she will have much misfortune and sorrow. Her husband will be a victim to invalidism and she will be left a widow, and little sustenance will be eked out by her own labors. Load. To dream that you carry a load, signifies a long existence filled with labors of love and charity. To fall under a load, denotes your inability to attain comforts that are necessary to those looking to you for subsistence. To see others thus engaged, denotes trials for them in which you will be interested. Loadstone. To dream of a loadstone, denotes you will make favorable opportunities for your own advancement in a material way. For a young woman to think a loadstone is attracting her, is an omen of happy changes in her family. Loaves. To dream of loaves of bread, denotes frugality. If they be of cake, the dreamer has cause to rejoice over his good fortune, as love and wealth will wait obsequiously upon you. Broken loaves, bring discontent and bickerings between those who love. To see loaves multiply phenomenally, prognosticates great success. Lovers will be happy in their chosen ones. Lobster. To dream of seeing lobsters, denotes great favors, and riches will endow you. If you eat them, you will sustain contamination by associating too freely with pleasure-seeking people. If the lobsters are made into a salad, success will not change your generous nature, but you will enjoy to the fullest your ideas of pleasure. To order a lobster, you will hold prominent positions and command many subordinates. Lock. To dream of a lock, denotes bewilderment. If the lock works at your command, or efforts, you will discover that some person is working you injury. If you are in love, you will find means to aid you in overcoming a rival; you will also make a prosperous journey. If the lock resists your efforts, you will be derided and scorned in love and perilous voyages will bring to you no benefit. To put a lock upon your fiancees neck and arm, foretells that you are distrustful of her fidelity, but future episodes will disabuse your mind of doubt. Locket. If a young woman dreams that her lover places a locket around her neck, she will be the recipient of many beautiful offerings, and will soon be wedded, and lovely children will crown her life. If she should lose a locket, death will throw sadness into her life. If a lover dreams that his sweetheart returns his locket, he will confront disappointing issues. The woman he loves will worry him and conduct herself in a displeasing way toward him. If a woman dreams that she breaks a locket, she will have a changeable and unstable husband, who will dislike constancy in any form, be it business or affection, Lockjaw. To dream that you have lockjaw, signifies there is trouble ahead for you, as some person is going to betray your confidence. For a woman to see others with lockjaw, foretells her friends will unconsciously detract from her happiness by assigning her unpleasant tasks. If stock have it, you will lose a friend. Locomotive. To dream of a locomotive running with great speed, denotes a rapid rise in fortune, and foreign travel. If it is disabled, then many vexations will interfere with business affairs, and anticipated journeys will be laid aside through the want of means. To see one completely demolished, signifies great distress and loss of property. To hear one coming, denotes news of a foreign nature. Business will assume changes that will mean success to all classes. To hear it whistle, you will be pleased and surprised at the appearance of a friend who has been absent, or an unexpected offer, which means preferment to you. Locust. To dream of locusts, foretells discrepancies will be found in your business, for which you will worry and suffer. For a woman, this dream foretells she will bestow her affections upon ungenerous people. Lodger. For a woman to dream that she has lodgers, foretells she will be burdened with unpleasant secrets. If one goes away without paying his bills, she will have unexpected trouble with men. For one to pay his bill, omens favor and accumulation of money. Looking-glass. For a woman to dream of a looking-glass, denotes that she is soon to be confronted with shocking deceitfulness and discrepancies, which may result in tragic scenes or separations. See Mirror. Loom. To dream of standing by and seeing a loom operated by a stranger, denotes much vexation and useless irritation from the talkativeness of those about you. Some disappointment with happy expectations are coupled with this dream. To see good-looking women attending the loom, denotes unqualified success to those in love. It predicts congenial pursuits to the married. It denotes you are drawing closer together in taste. For a woman to dream of weaving on an oldtime loom, signifies that she will have a thrifty husband and beautiful children will fill her life with happy solicitations. To see an idle loom, denotes a sulky and stubborn person, who will cause you much anxious care. Lords Prayer. To dream of repeating the Lords Prayer, foretells that you are threatened with secret foes and will need the alliance and the support of friends to tide you over difficulties. To hear others repeat it, denotes the danger of some friend. Lottery. To dream of a lottery, and that you are taking great interest in the drawing, you will engage in some worthless enterprise, which will cause you to make an unpropitious journey. If you hold the lucky number, you will gain in a speculation which will perplex and give you much anxiety. To see others winning in a lottery, denotes convivialities and amusements, bringing many friends together. If you lose in a lottery, you will be the victim of designing persons. Gloomy depressions in your affairs will result. For a young woman to dream of a lottery in any way, denotes that her careless way of doing things will bring her disappointment, and a husband who will not be altogether reliable or constant. To dream of a lottery, denotes you will have unfavorable friendships in business. Your love affairs will produce temporary pleasure. Louse. To dream of a louse, foretells that you will have uneasy feelings regarding your health, and an enemy will give you exasperating vexation. See Lice. Love. To dream of loving any object, denotes satisfaction with your present environments. To dream that the love of others fills you with happy forebodings, successful affairs will give you contentment and freedom from the anxious cares of life. If you find that your love fails, or is not reciprocated, you will become despondent over some conflicting question arising in your mind as to whether it is best to change your mode of living or to marry and trust fortune for the future advancement of your state. For a husband or wife to dream that their companion is loving, foretells great happiness around the hearthstone, and bright children will contribute to the sunshine of the home. To dream of the love of parents, foretells uprightness in character and a continual progress toward fortune and elevation. The love of animals, indicates contentment with what you possess, though you may not think so. For a time, fortune will crown you. Lovely. Dreaming of lovely things, brings favor to all persons connected with you. For a lover to dream that his sweetheart is lovely of person and character, foretells for him a speedy and favorable marriage. If through the vista of dreams you see your own fair loveliness, fate bids you, with a gleaming light, awake to happiness. Lozenges. To dream of lozenges, foretells success in small matters. For a woman to eat or throw them away, foretells her life will be harassed by little spites from the envious. Lucky. To dream of being lucky, is highly favorable to the dreamer. Fulfilment of wishes may be expected and pleasant duties will devolve upon you. To the despondent, this dream forebodes an uplifting and a renewal of prosperity. Luggage. To dream of luggage, denotes unpleasant cares. You will be encumbered with people who will prove distasteful to you. If you are carrying your own luggage, you will be so full of your own distresses that you will be blinded to the sorrows of others. To lose your luggage, denotes some unfortunate speculation or family dissensions To the unmarried, it foretells broken engagements. Lumber. To dream of lumber, denotes many difficult tasks and but little remuneration or pleasure. To see piles of lumber burning, indicates profit from an unexpected source. To dream of sawing lumber, denotes unwise transactions and unhappiness. Lute. To dream of playing on one, is auspicious of joyful news from absent friends. Pleasant occupations follow the dreaming of hearing the music of a lute. Luxury. To dream that you are surrounded by luxury, indicates much wealth, but dissipation and love of self will reduce your income. For a poor woman to dream that she enjoys much luxury, denotes an early change in her circumstances. Lying. To dream that you are lying to escape punishment, denotes that you will act dishonorably towards some innocent person. Lying to protect a friend from undeserved chastisement, denotes that you will have many unjust criticisms passed upon your conduct, but you will rise above them and enjoy prominence. To hear others lying, denotes that they are seeking to entrap you. Lynx. To dream of seeing a lynx, enemies are undermining your business and disrupting your home affairs. For a woman, this dream indicates that she has a wary woman rivaling her in the affections of her lover. If she kills the lynx, she will overcome her rival. Lyre. To dream of listening to the music of a lyre, foretells chaste pleasures and congenial companionship. Business will run smoothly. For a young woman to dream of playing on one, denotes that she will enjoy the undivided affection of a worthy man. M. And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in one night, each man according to his interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the King of Egypt, which were bound in the prison. Gen. xl., 5. Macadamize. To dream that you see or travel on a macadamized road, is significant of pleasant journeys, from which you will derive much benefit. For young people, this dream foretells noble aspirations. Macaroni. To dream of eating macaroni, denotes small losses. To see it in large quantities, denotes that you will save money by the strictest economy. For a young woman, this dream means that a stranger will enter her life. Machinery. To dream of machinery, denotes you will undertake some project which will give great anxiety, but which will finally result in good for you. To see old machinery, foretells enemies will overcome in your strivings to build up your fortune. To become entangled in machinery, foretells loss in your business, and much unhappiness will follow. Loss from bad deals generally follows this dream. Mad Dog. To dream of seeing a mad dog, denotes that enemies will make scurrilous attacks upon you and your friends, but if you succeed in killing the dog, you will overcome adverse opinions and prosper greatly in a financial way. See Dog. Madness. To dream of being mad, shows trouble ahead for the dreamer. Sickness, by which you will lose property, is threatened. To see others suffering under this malady, denotes inconstancy of friends and gloomy ending of bright expectations. For a young woman to dream of madness, foretells disappointment in marriage and wealth. Madstone. To see a madstone applied to a wound from the fangs of some mad animal, denotes that you will endeavor, to the limits of your energy, to shield self from the machinations of enemies, which will soon envelop you with the pall of dishonorable defeat. Magic. To dream of accomplishing any design by magic, indicates pleasant surprises. To see others practising this art, denotes profitable changes to all who have this dream. To dream of seeing a magician, denotes much interesting travel to those concerned in the advancement of higher education, and profitable returns to the mercenary. Magic here should not be confounded with sorcery or spiritism. If the reader so interprets, he may expect the opposite to what is here forecast to follow. True magic is the study of the higher truths of Nature. Magistrate. To dream of a magistrate, foretells that you will be harassed with threats of law suits and losses in your business. See Judge and Jury. Magnet. To dream of a magnet, denotes that evil influences will draw you from the path of honor. A woman is probably luring you to ruin. To a woman, this dream foretells that protection and wealth will be showered upon her. Magnifying-glass. To look through a magnifying-glass in your dreams, means failure to accomplish your work in a satisfactory manner. For a woman to think she owns one, foretells she will encourage the attention of persons who will ignore her later. Magpie. To dream of a magpie, denotes much dissatisfaction and quarrels. The dreamer should guard well his conduct and speech after this dream. Malice. To dream of entertaining malice for any person, denotes that you will stand low in the opinion of friends because of a disagreeable temper. Seek to control your passion. If you dream of persons maliciously using you, an enemy in friendly garb is working you harm. Mallet. To dream of a mallet, denotes you will meet unkind treatment from friends on account of your ill health. Disorder in the home is indicated. Malt. To dream of malt, betokens a pleasant existence and riches that will advance your station. To dream of taking malted drinks, denotes that you will interest yourself in some dangerous affair, but will reap much benefit therefrom. Man. To dream of a man, if handsome, well formed and supple, denotes that you will enjoy life vastly and come into rich possessions. If he is misshapen and sour-visaged, you will meet disappointments and many perplexities will involve you. For a woman to dream of a handsome man, she is likely to have distinction offered her. If he is ugly, she will experience trouble through some one whom she considers a friend. Manners. To dream of seeing ugly-mannered persons, denotes failure to carry out undertakings through the disagreeableness of a person connected with the affair. If you meet people with affable manners, you will be pleasantly surprised by affairs of moment with you taking a favorable turn. Man-of-war. To dream of a man-of-war, denotes long journeys and separation from country and friends, dissension in political affairs is portended. If she is crippled, foreign elements will work damage to home interests. If she is sailing upon rough seas, trouble with foreign powers may endanger private affairs. Personal affairs may also go awry. Mansion. To dream that you are in a mansion where there is a haunted chamber, denotes sudden misfortune in the midst of contentment. To dream of being in a mansion, indicates for you wealthy possessions. To see a mansion from distant points, foretells future advancement. Manslaughter. For a woman to dream that she sees, or is in any way connected with, manslaughter, denotes that she will be desperately scared lest her name be coupled with some scandalous sensation. See Murder. Mantilla. To dream of seeing a mantilla, denotes an unwise enterprise which will bring you into unfavorable notice. Manufactory. To dream of a large manufactory, denotes unusual activity in business circles. See Factory. Manure. To dream of seeing manure, is a favorable omen. Much good will follow the dream. Farmers especially will feel a rise in fortune. Manuscript. To dream of manuscript in an unfinished state, forebodes disappointment. If finished and clearly written, great hopes will be realized. If you are at work on manuscript, you will have many fears for some cherished hope, but if you keep the blurs out of your work you will succeed in your undertakings. If it is rejected by the publishers, you will be hopeless for a time, but eventually your most sanguine desires will become a reality. If you lose it, you will be subjected to disappointment. If you see it burn, some work of your own will bring you profit and much elevation. Map. To dream of a map, or studying one, denotes a change will be contemplated in your business. Some disappointing things will occur, but much profit also will follow the change. To dream of looking for one, denotes that a sudden discontent with your surroundings will inspire you with new energy, and thus you will rise into better conditions. For a young woman, this dream denotes that she will rise into higher spheres by sheer ambition. Marble. To dream of a marble quarry, denotes that you life will be a financial success, but that your social surroundings will be devoid of affection. To dream of polishing marble, you will come into a pleasing inheritance. To see it broken, you will fall into disfavor among your associates by defying all moral codes. March. To dream of marching to the strains of music, indicates that you are ambitious to become a soldier or a public official, but you should consider all things well before making final decision. For women to dream of seeing men marching, foretells their inclination for men in public positions. They should be careful of their reputations, should they be thrown much with men. To dream of the month of March, portends disappointing returns in business, and some woman will be suspicious of your honesty. Mare. To dream of seeing mares in pastures, denotes success in business and congenial companions. If the pasture is barren, it foretells poverty, but warm friends. For a young woman, this omens a happy marriage and beautiful children. See Horse. Marigold. To dream of seeing marigolds, denotes contentment with frugality should be your aim. Mariner. To dream that you are a mariner, denotes a long journey to distant countries, and much pleasure will be connected with the trip. If you see your vessel sailing without you, much personal discomfort will be wrought you by rivals. Market. To dream that you are in a market, denotes thrift and much activity in all occupations. To see an empty market, indicates depression and gloom. To see decayed vegetables or meat, denotes losses in business. For a young woman, a market foretells pleasant changes. Marmalade. To dream of eating marmalade, denotes sickness and much dissatisfaction For a young woman to dream of making it, denotes unhappy domestic associations. Marmot. To dream of seeing a marmot, denotes that sly enemies are approaching you in the shape of fair women. For a young woman to dream of a marmot, foretells that temptation will beset her in the future. Marriage. For a woman to dream that she marries an old, decrepit man, wrinkled face and gray headed, denotes she will have a vast amount of trouble and sickness to encounter. If, while the ceremony is in progress, her lover passes, wearing black and looking at her in a reproachful way, she will be driven to desperation by the coldness and lack of sympathy of a friend. To dream of seeing a marriage, denotes high enjoyment, if the wedding guests attend in pleasing colors and are happy; if they are dressed in black or other somber hues, there will be mourning and sorrow in store for the dreamer. If you dream of contracting a marriage, you will have unpleasant news from the absent. If you are an attendant at a wedding, you will experience much pleasure from the thoughtfulness of loved ones, and business affairs will be unusually promising. To dream of any unfortunate occurrence in connection with a marriage, foretells distress, sickness, or death in your family. For a young woman to dream that she is a bride, and unhappy or indifferent, foretells disappointments in love, and probably her own sickness. She should be careful of her conduct, as enemies are near her. See Bride. Mars. To dream of Mars, denotes that your life will be made miserable and hardly worth living by the cruel treatment of friends. Enemies will endeavor to ruin you. If you feel yourself drawn up toward the planet, you will develop keen judgment and advance beyond your friends in learning and wealth. Marsh. To dream of walking through marshy places, denotes illness resulting from overwork and worry. You will suffer much displeasure from the unwise conduct of a near relative. Martyr. To dream of martyrs, denotes that false friends, domestic unhappiness and losses in affairs which concern you most. To dream that you are a martyr, signifies the separation from friends, and enemies will slander you. Mask. To dream that you are wearing a mask, denotes temporary trouble, as your conduct towards some dear one will be misinterpreted, and your endeavors to aid that one will be misunderstood, but you will profit by the temporary estrangements. To see others masking, denotes that you will combat falsehood and envy. To see a mask in your dreams, denotes some person will be unfaithful to you, and your affairs will suffer also. For a young woman to dream that she wears a mask, foretells she will endeavor to impose upon some friendly person. If she unmasks, or sees others doing so, she will fail to gain the admiration sought for. She should demean herself modestly after this dream. Mason. To dream that you see a mason plying his trade, denotes a rise in your circumstances and a more congenial social atmosphere will surround you. If you dream of seeing a band of the order of masons in full regalia, it denotes that you will have others beside yourself to protect and keep from the evils of life. Masquerade. To dream of attending a masquerade, denotes that you will indulge in foolish and harmful pleasures to the neglect of business and domestic duties. For a young woman to dream that she participates in a masquerade, denotes that she will be deceived. Mast. To dream of seeing the masts of ships, denotes long and pleasant voyages, the making of many new friends, and the gaining of new possessions. To see the masts of wrecked ships, denotes sudden changes in your circumstances which will necessitate giving over anticipated pleasures. If a sailor dreams of a mast, he will soon sail on an eventful trip. Master. To dream that you have a master, is a sign of incompetency on your part to command others, and you will do better work under the leadership of some strong-willed person. If you are a master, and command many people under you, you will excel in judgment in the fine points of life, and will hold high positions and possess much wealth. Mat. Keep away from mats in your dreams, as they will usher you into sorrow and perplexities. Match. To dream of matches, denotes prosperity and change when least expected. To strike a match in the dark, unexpected news and fortune is foreboded. Matting. To dream of matting, foretells pleasant prospects and cheerful news from the absent. If it is old or torn, you will have vexing things come before you. Mattress. To dream of a mattress, denotes that new duties and responsibilities will shortly be assumed. To sleep on a new mattress, signifies contentment with present surroundings. To dream of a mattress factory, denotes that you will be connected in business with thrifty partners and will soon amass wealth. Mausoleum. To dream of a mausoleum, indicates the sickness, death, or trouble of some prominent friend. To find yourself inside a mausoleum, foretells your own illness. May. To dream of the month of May, denotes prosperous times, and pleasure for the young. To dream that nature appears freakish, denotes sudden sorrow and disappointment clouding pleasure. May Bugs. To dream of May bugs, denotes an ill-tempered companion where a congenial one was expected. Meadow. To dream of meadows, predicts happy reunions under bright promises of future prosperity. Meals. To dream of meals, denotes that you will let trifling matters interfere with momentous affairs and business engagements. See Eating. Measles. To dream that you have measles, denotes much worry, and anxious care will interfere with your business affairs. To dream that others have this disease, denotes that you will be troubled over the condition of others. Meat. For a woman to dream of raw meat, denotes that she will meet with much discouragement in accomplishing her aims. If she sees cooked meat, it denotes that others will obtain the object for which she will strive. See Beef. Mechanic. To dream of a mechanic, denotes change in your dwelling place and a more active business. Advancement in wages usually follows after seeing mechanics at work on machinery. Medal. To dream of medals, denotes honors gained by application and industry. To lose a medal, denotes misfortune through the unfaithfulness of others. Medicine. To dream of medicine, if pleasant to the taste, a trouble will come to you, but in a short time it will work for your good; but if you take disgusting medicine, you will suffer a protracted illness or some deep sorrow or loss will overcome you. To give medicine to others, denotes that you will work to injure some one who trusted you. Melancholy. To dream that you feel melancholy over any event, is a sign of disappointment in what was thought to be favorable undertakings. To dream that you see others melancholy, denotes unpleasant interruption in affairs. To lovers, it brings separation. Melon. To dream of melons, denotes ill health and unfortunate ventures in business. To eat them, signifies that hasty action will cause you anxiety. To see them growing on green vines, denotes that present troubles will result in good fortune for you. Memorandum. To dream that you make memoranda, denotes that you will engage in an unprofitable business, and much worry will result for you. To see others making a memorandum, signifies that some person will worry you with appeals for aid. To lose your memorandum, you will experience a slight loss in trade. To find a memorandum, you will assume new duties that will cause much pleasure to others. Memorial. To dream of a memorial, signifies there will be occasion for you to show patient kindness, as trouble and sickness threatens your relatives. Menagerie. To dream of visiting a menagerie, denotes various troubles. Mendicant. For a woman to dream of mendicants, she will meet with disagreeable interferences in her plans for betterment and enjoyment. Mending. To dream of mending soiled garments, denotes that you will undertake to right a wrong at an inopportune moment; but if the garment be clean, you will be successful in adding to your fortune. For a young woman to dream of mending, foretells that she will be a systematic help to her husband. Mercury. To dream of mercury, is significant of unhappy changes through the constant oppression of enemies. For a woman to be suffering from mercurial poison, foretells she will be deserted by and separated from her family. Merry. To dream being merry, or in merry company, denotes that pleasant events will engage you for a time, and affairs will assume profitable shapes. Meshes. To dream of being entangled in the meshes of a net, or other like constructions, denotes that enemies will oppress you in time of seeming prosperity. To a young woman, this dream foretells that her environments will bring her into evil and consequent abandonment. If she succeeds in disengaging herself from the meshes, she will narrowly escape slander. Message. To dream of receiving a message, denotes that changes will take place in your affairs. To dream of sending a message, denotes that you will be placed in unpleasant situations. Metamorphose. To dream of seeing anything metamorphose, denotes that sudden changes will take place in your life, for good or bad, as the metamorphose was pleasant or frightful. Mice. To dream of mice, foretells domestic troubles and the insincerity of friends. Business affairs will assume a discouraging tone. To kill mice, denotes that you will conquer your enemies. To let them escape you, is significant of doubtful struggles. For a young woman to dream of mice, warns her of secret enemies, and that deception is being practised upon her. If she should see a mouse in her clothing, it is a sign of scandal in which she will figure. Microscope. To dream of a microscope, denotes you will experience failure or small returns in your enterprises. Midwife. To see a midwife in your dreams, signifies unfortunate sickness with a narrow escape from death. For a young woman to dream of such a person, foretells that distress and calumny will attend her. Mile-post. To dream you see or pass a mile-post, foretells that you will be assailed by doubtful fears in business or love. To see one down, portends accidents are threatening to give disorder to your affairs. Milk. To dream of drinking milk, denotes abundant harvest to the farmer and pleasure in the home; for a traveler, it foretells a fortunate voyage. This is a very propitious dream for women. To see milk in large quantities, signifies riches and health. To dream of dealing in milk commercially, denotes great increase in fortune. To give milk away, shows that you will be too benevolent for the good of your own fortune. To spill milk, denotes that you will experience a slight loss and suffer temporary unhappiness at the hands of friends. To dream of impure milk, denotes that you will be tormented with petty troubles. To dream of sour milk, denotes that you will be disturbed over the distress of friends. To dream of trying unsuccessfully to drink milk, signifies that you will be in danger of losing something of value or the friendship of a highly esteemed person. To dream of hot milk, foretells a struggle, but the final winning of riches and desires. To dream of bathing in milk, denotes pleasures and companionships of congenial friends. See Buttermilk. Milking. To dream of milking, and it flows in great streams from the udder, while the cow is restless and threatening, signifies you will see great opportunities withheld from you, but which will result in final favor for you. Mill. To dream of a mill, indicates thrift and fortunate undertakings. To see a dilapidated mill, denotes sickness and ill fortune. See Cotton Mill, etc. Mill-dam. To dream that you see clear water pouring over a mill-dam, foretells pleasant enterprises, either of a business or social nature. If the water is muddy or impure, you will meet with losses, and troubles will arise where pleasure was anticipated. If the dam is dry, your business will assume shrunken proportions. Millet. To see a miller in your dreams, signifies your surroundings will grow more hopeful. For a woman to dream of a miller failing in an attempt to start his mill, foretells she will be disappointed in her lovers wealth, as she will think him in comfortable circumstances. Mine. To dream of being in a mine, denotes failure in affairs. To own a mine, denotes future wealth. See Coal Mine. Mineral. To dream of minerals, denotes your present unpromising outlook will grow directly brighter. To walk over mineral land, signifies distress, from which you will escape and be bettered in your surroundings. Mineral Water. To dream of drinking mineral water, foretells fortune will favor your efforts, and you will enjoy your opportunities to satisfy your cravings for certain pleasures. Mining. To see mining in your dreams, denotes that an enemy is seeking your ruin by bringing up past immoralities in your life. You will be likely to make unpleasant journeys, if you stand near the mine. If you dream of hunting for mines, you will engage in worthless pursuits. Minister. To dream of seeing a minister, denotes unfortunate changes and unpleasant journeys. To hear a minister exhort, foretells that some designing person will influence you to evil. To dream that you are a minister, denotes that you will usurp anothers rights. See Preacher and Priest. Minuet. To dream of seeing the minuet danced, signifies a pleasant existence with congenial companions. To dance it yourself, good fortune and domestic joys are foretold. Minx. To dream of a minx, denotes you will have sly enemies to overcome. If you kill one, you will win your desires. For a young woman to dream that she is partial to minx furs, she will find protection and love in some person who will be inordinately jealous. Mire. To dream of going through mire, indicates that your dearest wishes and plans will receive a temporary check by the intervention of unusual changes in your surroundings. Mirror. To dream of seeing yourself in a mirror, denotes that you will meet many discouraging issues, and sickness will cause you distress and loss in fortune. To see a broken mirror, foretells the sudden or violent death of some one related to you. To see others in a mirror, denotes that others will act unfairly towards you to promote their own interests. To see animals in a mirror, denotes disappointment and loss in fortune. For a young woman to break a mirror, foretells unfortunate friendships and an unhappy marriage. To see her lover in a mirror looking pale and careworn, denotes death or a broken engagement. If he seems happy, a slight estrangement will arise, but it will be of short duration. See Glass. Miser. To dream of a miser, foretells you will be unfortunate in finding true happiness owing to selfishness, and love will disappoint you sorely. For a woman to dream that she is befriended by a miser, foretells she will gain love and wealth by her intelligence and tactful conduct. To dream that you are miserly, denotes that you will be obnoxious to others by your conceited bearing To dream that any of your friends are misers, foretells that you will be distressed by the importunities of others. Mist. To dream that you are enveloped in a mist, denotes uncertain fortunes and domestic unhappiness. If the mist clears away, your troubles will be of short duration. To see others in a mist, you will profit by the misfortune of others. Mistletoe. To dream of mistletoe, foretells happiness and great rejoicing. To the young, it omens many pleasant pastimes If seen with unpromising signs, disappointment will displace pleasure or fortune. Mocking-bird. To see or hear a mocking-bird, signifies you will be invited to go on a pleasant visit to friends, and your affairs will move along smoothly and prosperously. For a woman to see a wounded or dead one, her disagreement with a friend or lover is signified. Models. To dream of a model, foretells your social affairs will deplete your purse, and quarrels and regrets will follow. For a young woman to dream that she is a model or seeking to be one, foretells she will be entangled in a love affair which will give her trouble through the selfishness of a friend. Molasses. To dream of molasses, is a sign that some one is going to extend you pleasant hospitality, and, through its acceptance, you will meet agreeable and fortunate surprises. To eat it, foretells that you will be discouraged and disappointed in love. To have it smeared on your clothing, denotes you will have disagreeable offers of marriage, and probably losses in business. Moles. To dream of moles, indicates secret enemies. To dream of catching a mole, you will overcome any opposition and rise to prominence. To see moles, or such blemishes, on the person, indicates illness and quarrels. Money. To dream of finding money, denotes small worries, but much happiness. Changes will follow. To pay out money, denotes misfortune. To receive gold, great prosperity and unalloyed pleasures. To lose money, you will experience unhappy hours in the home and affairs will appear gloomy. To count your money and find a deficit, you will be worried in making payments. To dream that you steal money, denotes that you are in danger and should guard your actions. To save money, augurs wealth and comfort. To dream that you swallow money, portends that you are likely to become mercenary. To look upon a quantity of money, denotes that prosperity and happiness are within your reach. To dream you find a roll of currency, and a young woman claims it, foretells you will lose in some enterprise by the interference of some female friend. The dreamer will find that he is spending his money unwisely and is living beyond his means. It is a dream of caution. Beware lest the innocent fancies of your brain make a place for your money before payday. Monk. To dream of seeing a monk, foretells dissensions in the family and unpleasant journeyings. To a young woman, this dream signifies that gossip and deceit will be used against her. To dream that you are a monk, denotes personal loss and illness. Monkey. To dream of a monkey, denotes that deceitful people will flatter you to advance their own interests. To see a dead monkey, signifies that your worst enemies will soon be removed. If a young woman dreams of a monkey, she should insist on an early marriage, as her lover will suspect unfaithfulness. For a woman to dream of feeding a monkey, denotes that she will be betrayed by a flatterer. Monster. To dream of being pursued by a monster, denotes that sorrow and misfortune hold prominent places in your immediate future. To slay a monster, denotes that you will successfully cope with enemies and rise to eminent positions. Moon. To dream of seeing the moon with the aspect of the heavens remaining normal, prognosticates success in love and business affairs. A weird and uncanny moon, denotes unpropitious lovemaking, domestic infelicities and disappointing enterprises of a business character. The moon in eclipse, denotes that contagion will ravage your community. To see the new moon, denotes an increase in wealth and congenial partners in marriage. For a young woman to dream that she appeals to the moon to know her fate, denotes that she will soon be rewarded with marriage to the one of her choice. If she sees two moons, she will lose her lover by being mercenary. If she sees the moon grow dim, she will let the supreme happiness of her life slip for want of womanly tact. To see a blood red moon, indicates war and strife, and she will see her lover march away in defence of his country. Morgue. To dream that you visit a morgue searching for some one, denotes that you will be shocked by news of the death of a relative or friend. To see many corpses there, much sorrow and trouble will come under your notice. Morning. To see the morning dawn clear in your dreams, prognosticates a near approach of fortune and pleasure. A cloudy morning, portends weighty affairs will overwhelm you. Morocco. To see morocco in your dreams, foretells that you will receive substantial aid from unexpected sources. Your love will be rewarded by faithfulness. Mortgage. To dream that you give a mortgage on your property, denotes that you are threatened with financial upheavals, which will throw you into embarrassing positions. To take, or hold one, against others, is ominous of adequate wealth to liquidate your obligations. To find yourself reading or examining mortgages, denotes great possibilities before you of love or gain. To lose a mortgage, if it cannot be found again, implies loss and worry. Morose. If you find yourself morose in dreams, you will awake to find the world, as far as you are concerned, going fearfully wrong. To see others morose, portends unpleasant occupations and unpleasant companions. Mortification. To dream that you feel mortified over any deed committed by yourself, is a sign that you will be placed in an unenviable position before those to whom you most wish to appear honorable and just. Financial conditions will fall low. To see mortified flesh, denotes disastrous enterprises and disappointment in love. Moses. To dream that you see Moses, means personal gain and a connubial alliance which will be a source of sweet congratulation to yourself. Mosquito. To see mosquitoes in your dreams, you will strive in vain to remain impregnable to the sly attacks of secret enemies. Your patience and fortune will both suffer from these designing persons. If you kill mosquitoes, you will eventually overcome obstacles and enjoy fortune and domestic bliss. Moss. To dream of moss, denotes that you will fill dependent positions, unless the moss grows in rich soil, when you will be favored with honors. Moth. To see a moth in a dream, small worries will lash you into hurried contracts, which will prove unsatisfactory. Quarrels of a domestic nature are prognosticated. Mother. To see your mother in dreams as she appears in the home, signifies pleasing results from any enterprise. To hold her in conversation, you will soon have good news from interests you are anxious over. For a woman to dream of mother, signifies pleasant duties and connubial bliss. To see ones mother emaciated or dead, foretells sadness caused by death or dishonor. To hear your mother call you, denotes that you are derelict in your duties, and that you are pursuing the wrong course in business. To hear her cry as if in pain, omens her illness, or some affliction is menacing you. Mother-in-law. To dream of your mother-in-law, denotes there will be pleasant reconciliations for you after some serious disagreement. For a woman to dispute with her mother-in-law, she will find that quarrelsome and unfeeling people will give her annoyance. Mountain. For a young woman to dream of crossing a mountain in company with her cousin and dead brother, who was smiling, denotes she will have a distinctive change in her life for the better, but there are warnings against allurements and deceitfulness of friends. If she becomes exhausted and refuses to go further, she will be slightly disappointed in not gaining quite so exalted a position as was hoped for by her. If you ascend a mountain in your dreams, and the way is pleasant and verdant, you will rise swiftly to wealth and prominence. If the mountain is rugged, and you fail to reach the top, you may expect reverses in your life, and should strive to overcome all weakness in your nature. To awaken when you are at a dangerous point in ascending, denotes that you will find affairs taking a flattering turn when they appear gloomy. Mourning. To dream that you wear mourning, omens ill luck and unhappiness. If others wear it, there will be disturbing influences among your friends causing you unexpected dissatisfaction and loss. To lovers, this dream foretells misunderstanding and probable separation. Mouse. For a woman to dream of a mouse, denotes that she will have an enemy who will annoy her by artfulness and treachery. Mouse-trap. To see a mouse-trap in dreams, signifies your need to be careful of character, as wary persons have designs upon you. To see it full of mice, you will likely fall into the hands of enemies. To set a trap, you will artfully devise means to overcome your opponents. See Mice. Mud. To dream that you walk in mud, denotes that you will have cause to lose confidence in friendships, and there will be losses and disturbances in family circles. To see others walking in mud, ugly rumors will reach you of some friend or employee. To the farmer, this dream is significant of short crops and unsatisfactory gains from stock. To see mud on your clothing, your reputation is being assailed. To scrape it off, signifies that you will escape the calumny of enemies. Muff. To dream of wearing a muff, denotes that you will be well provided for against the vicissitudes of fortune. For a lover to see his sweetheart wearing a muff, denotes that a worthier man will usurp his place in her affections. Mulatto. If a mulatto appears to you in a dream, beware of making new friendships or falling into associations with strange women, as you are threatened with loss of money and of high moral standing. See Negro. Mulberries. To see mulberries in your dreams, denotes that sickness will prevent you from obtaining your desires, and you will be called upon often to relieve suffering. To eat them, signifies bitter disappointments. Mule. If you dream that your are riding on a mule, it denotes that you are engaging in pursuits which will cause you the greatest anxiety, but if you reach your destination without interruption, you will be recompensed with substantial results. For a young woman to dream of a white mule, shows she will marry a wealthy foreigner, or one who, while wealthy, will not be congenial in tastes. If she dreams of mules running loose, she will have beaux and admirers, but no offers of marriage. To be kicked by a mule, foretells disappointment in love and marriage. To see one dead, portends broken engagements and social decline. Murder. To see murder committed in your dreams, foretells much sorrow arising from the misdeeds of others. Affair will assume dulness. Violent deaths will come under your notice. If you commit murder, it signifies that you are engaging in some dishonorable adventure, which will leave a stigma upon your name. To dream that you are murdered, foretells that enemies are secretly working to overthrow you. See Killing and kindred words. Muscle. To dream of seeing your muscle well developed, you will have strange encounters with enemies, but you will succeed in surmounting their evil works, and gain fortune. If they are shrunken, your inability to succeed in your affairs is portended. For a woman, this dream is prophetic of toil and hardships. Museum. To dream of a museum, denotes you will pass through many and varied scenes in striving for what appears your rightful position. You will acquire useful knowledge, which will stand you in better light than if you had pursued the usual course to learning. If the museum is distasteful, you will have many causes for vexation. Music. To dream of hearing harmonious music, omens pleasure and prosperity. Discordant music foretells troubles with unruly children, and unhappiness in the household. Musical Instruments. To see musical instruments, denotes anticipated pleasures. If they are broken, the pleasure will be marred by uncongenial companionship. For a young woman, this dream foretells for her the power to make her life what she will. Mushroom. To see mushrooms in your dreams, denotes unhealthy desires, and unwise haste in amassing wealth, as it may vanish in law suits and vain pleasures. To eat them, signifies humiliation and disgraceful love. For a young woman to dream of them, foretells her defiance of propriety in her pursuit of foolish pleasures. Musk. To dream of musk, foretells unexpected occasions of joy, and lovers will agree and cease to be unfaithful. Mussels. To dream of water mussels, denotes small fortune, but contentment and domestic enjoyment. Mustache. To dream that you have a mustache, denotes that your egotism and effrontery will cause you a poor inheritance in worldy{sic} goods, and you will betray women to their sorrow. If a woman dreams of admiring a mustache, her virtue is in danger, and she should be mindful of her conduct. If a man dreams that he has his mustache shaved, he will try to turn from evil companions and pleasures, and seek to reinstate himself in former positions of honor. Mustard. To see mustard growing, and green, foretells success and joy to the farmer, and to the seafaring it prognosticates wealth. To eat mustard seed and feel the burning in your mouth, denotes that you will repent bitterly some hasty action, which has caused you to suffer. To dream of eating green mustard cooked, indicates the lavish waste of fortune, and mental strain. For a young woman to eat newly grown mustard, foretells that she will sacrifice wealth for personal desires. Mute. To converse with a mute in your dreams, foretells that unusual crosses in your life will fit you for higher positions, which will be tendered you. To dream that you are a mute, portends calamities and unjust persecution. Myrrh. To see myrrh in a dream, signifies your investments will give satisfaction. For a young woman to dream of myrrh, brings a pleasing surprise to her in the way of a new and wealthy acquaintance. Myrtle. To see myrtle in foliage and bloom in your dream, denotes that your desires will be gratified, and pleasures will possess you. For a young woman to dream of wearing a sprig of myrtle, foretells to her an early marriage with a well-to do and intelligent man. To see it withered, denotes that she will miss happiness through careless conduct. Mystery. To find yourself bewildered by some mysterious event, denotes that strangers will harass you with their troubles and claim your aid. It warns you also of neglected duties, for which you feel much aversion. Business will wind you into unpleasant complications. To find yourself studying the mysteries of creation, denotes that a change will take place in your life, throwing you into a higher atmosphere of research and learning, and thus advancing you nearer the attainment of true pleasure and fortune. N. And he slept and dreamed the second time; and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. Gen. xli, 5. Nails. To see nails in your dreams, indicates much toil and small recompense. To deal in nails, shows that you will engage in honorable work, even if it be lowly. To see rusty or broken nails, indicates sickness and failure in business. Naked. To dream that you are naked, foretells scandal and unwise engagements. To see others naked, foretells that you will be tempted by designing persons to leave the path of duty. Sickness will be no small factor against your success. To dream that you suddenly discover your nudity, and are trying to conceal it, denotes that you have sought illicit pleasure contrary to your noblest instincts and are desirous of abandoning those desires. For a young woman to dream that she admires her nudity, foretells that she will win, but not hold honest mens regard. She will win fortune by her charms. If she thinks herself ill-formed, her reputation will be sullied by scandal. If she dreams of swimming in clear water naked, she will enjoy illicit loves, but nature will revenge herself by sickness, or loss of charms. If she sees naked men swimming in clear water, she will have many admirers. If the water is muddy, a jealous admirer will cause ill-natured gossip about her. Napkin. To dream of a napkin, foretells convivial entertainments in which you will figure prominently. For a woman to dream of soiled napkins, foretells that humiliating affairs will thrust themselves upon her. Navy. To dream of the navy, denotes victorious struggles with unsightly obstacles, and the promise of voyages and tours of recreation. If in your dream you seem frightened or disconcerted, you will have strange obstacles to overcome before you reach fortune. A dilapidated navy is an indication of unfortunate friendships in business or love. See Gunboat. Nearsighted. To dream that you are nearsighted, signifies embarrassing failure and unexpected visits from unwelcome persons. For a young woman, this dream foretells unexpected rivalry. To dream that your sweetheart is nearsighted, denotes that she will disappoint you. Neck. To dream that you see your own neck, foretells that vexatious family relations will interfere with your business. To admire the neck of another, signifies your worldly mindedness will cause broken domestic ties. For a woman to dream that her neck is thick, foretells that she will become querulous and something of a shrew if she fails to control her temper. Necklace. For a woman to dream of receiving a necklace, omens for her a loving husband and a beautiful home. To lose a necklace, she will early feel the heavy hand of bereavement. Necromancer. To dream of a necromancer and his arts, denotes that you are threatened with strange acquaintances who will influence you for evil. See Hypnotist. Need. To dream that you are in need, denotes that you will speculate unwisely and distressing news of absent friends will oppress you. To see others in need, foretells that unfortunate affairs will affect yourself with others. Needle. To use a needle in your dream, is a warning of approaching affliction, in which you will suffer keenly the loss of sympathy, which is rightfully yours. To dream of threading a needle, denotes that you will be burdened with the care of others than your own household. To look for a needle, foretells useless worries. To find a needle, foretells that you will have friends who will appreciate you. To break one, signifies loneliness and poverty. Negro. To dream of seeing a negro standing on your green lawn, is a sign that while your immediate future seems filled with prosperity and sweetest joys, there will creep into it unavoidable discord, which will veil all brightness in gloom for a season. To dream of seeing a burly negro, denotes formidable rivals in affection and business. To see a mulatto, constant worries and friction with hirelings is foretold. To dream of a difficulty with a negro, signifies your inability to overcome disagreeable surroundings. It also denotes disappointments and ill fortune. For a young woman to dream of a negro, she will be constrained to work for her own support, or be disappointed in her lover. To dream of negro children, denotes many little anxieties and crosses. For a young woman to dream of being held by a negro, portends for her many disagreeable duties. She is likely to meet with and give displeasure. She will quarrel with her dearest friends. Sickness sometimes follows dreams of old negroes. To see one nude, abject despair, and failure to cope with treachery may follow. Enemies will work you signal harm, and bad news from the absent may be expected. To meet with a trusty negro in a place where he ought not to be, foretells you will be deceived by some person in whom you placed great confidence. You are likely to be much exasperated over the conduct of a servant or some person under your orders. Delays and vexations may follow. To think that you are preaching to negroes is a warning to protect your interest, as false friends are dealing surreptitiously with you. To hear a negro preaching denotes you will be greatly worried over material matters and servants are giving cause for uneasiness. See Mulatto. Neighbor. To see your neighbors in your dreams, denotes many profitable hours will be lost in useless strife and gossip. If they appear sad, or angry, it foretells dissensions and quarrels. Nephew. To dream of your nephew, denotes you are soon to come into a pleasing competency, if he is handsome and well looking; otherwise, there will be disappointment and discomfort for you. Nest. To dream of seeing birds nests, denotes that you will be interested in an enterprise which will be prosperous. For a young woman, this dream foretells change of abode. To see an empty nest, indicates sorrow through the absence of a friend. Hens nests, foretells that you will be interested in domesticities, and children will be cheerful and obedient. To dream of a nest filled with broken or bad eggs, portends disappointments and failure. See Birds Nest. Nets. To dream of ensnaring anything with a net, denotes that you will be unscrupulous in your dealings and deportment with others. To dream of an old or torn net, denotes that your property has mortgages, or attachments, which will cause you trouble. Nettles. If in your dreams you walk among nettles without being stung, you will be prosperous. To be stung by them, you will be discontented with yourself and make others unhappy. For a young woman to dream of passing through nettles, foretells that she will be offered marriage by different men, and her decision will fill her with anxious foreboding. To dream of nettles, is portentous of stringent circumstances and disobedience from children or servants. News. To hear good news in a dream, denotes that you will be fortunate in affairs, and have harmonious companions; but if the news be bad, contrary conditions will exist. Newspaper. To dream of newspapers, denotes that frauds will be detected in your dealings, and your reputation will likewise be affected. To print a newspaper, you will have opportunities of making foreign journeys and friends. Trying, but failing to read a newspaper, denotes that you will fail in some uncertain enterprise. Newspaper Reporter. If in your dreams you unwillingly see them, you will be annoyed with small talk, and perhaps quarrels of a low character. If you are a newspaper reporter in your dreams, there will be a varied course of travel offered you, though you may experience unpleasant situations, yet there will be some honor and gain attached. New Year. To dream of the new year, signifies prosperity and connubial anticipations. If you contemplate the new year in weariness, engagement will be entered into inauspiciously. Niece. For a woman to dream of her niece, foretells she will have unexpected trials and much useless worry in the near future. Night. If you are surrounded by night in your dreams, you may expect unusual oppression and hardships in business. If the night seems to be vanishing, conditions which hitherto seemed unfavorable will now grow bright, and affairs will assume prosperous phases. See Darkness. Nightmare. To dream of being attacked with this hideous sensation, denotes wrangling and failure in business. For a young woman, this is a dream prophetic of disappointment and unmerited slights. It may also warn the dreamer to be careful of her health, and food. Nightingale. To dream that you are listening to the harmonious notes of the nightingale, foretells a pleasing existence, and prosperous and healthy surroundings. This is a most favorable dream to lovers, and parents. To see nightingales silent, foretells slight misunderstandings among friends. Ninepins. To dream that you play ninepins, denotes that you are foolishly wasting your energy and opportunities. You should be careful in the selection of companions. All phases of this dream are bad. Nobility. To dream of associating with the nobility, denotes that your aspirations are not of the right nature, as you prefer show and pleasures to the higher development of the mind. For a young woman to dream of the nobility, foretells that she will choose a lover for his outward appearance, instead of wisely accepting the man of merit for her protector. Noise. If you hear a strange noise in your dream, unfavorable news is presaged. If the noise awakes you, there will be a sudden change in your affairs. Noodles. To dream of noodles, denotes an abnormal appetite and desires. There is little good in this dream. Nose. To see your own nose, indicates force of character, and consciousness of your ability to accomplish whatever enterprise you may choose to undertake. If your nose looks smaller than natural, there will be failure in your affairs. Hair growing on your nose, indicates extraordinary undertakings, and that they will be carried through by sheer force of character, or will. A bleeding nose, is prophetic of disaster, whatever the calling of the dreamer may be. Notary. To dream of a notary, is a prediction of unsatisfied desires, and probable lawsuits. For a woman to associate with a notary, foretells she will rashly risk her reputation, in gratification of foolish pleasure. November. To dream of November, augers a season of indifferent success in all affairs. Numbness. To dream that you feel a numbness creeping over you, in your dreams, is a sign of illness, and disquieting conditions Numbers. To dream of numbers, denotes that unsettled conditions in business will cause you uneasiness and dissatisfaction. See Figures. Nuns. For a religiously inclined man to dream of nuns, foretells that material joys will interfere with his spirituality. He should be wise in the control of self. For a woman to dream of nuns, foretells her widowhood, or her separation from her lover. If she dreams that she is a nun, it portends her discontentment with present environments. To see a dead nun, signifies despair over the unfaithfulness of loved ones, and impoverished fortune. For one to dream that she discards the robes of her order, foretells that longing for worldly pleasures will unfit her for her chosen duties. Nuptial. For a woman to dream of her nuptials, she will soon enter upon new engagements, which will afford her distinction, pleasure, and harmony. See Marriage. Nurse. To dream that a nurse is retained in your home, foretells distressing illness, or unlucky visiting among friends. To see a nurse leaving your house, omens good health in the family. For a young woman to dream that she is a nurse, denotes that she will gain the esteem of people, through her self-sacrifice. If she parts from a patient, she will yield to the persuasion of deceit. Nursing. For a woman to dream of nursing her baby, denotes pleasant employment. For a young woman to dream of nursing a baby, foretells that she will occupy positions of honor and trust. For a man to dream of seeing his wife nurse their baby, denotes harmony in his pursuits. Nuts. To dream of gathering nuts, augurs successful enterprises, and much favor in love. To eat them, prosperity will aid you in grasping any desired pleasure. For a woman to dream of nuts, foretells that her fortune will be on blissful heights. Nutmegs. To dream of nutmegs, is a sign of prosperity, and pleasant journeyings. Nymph. To see nymphs bathing in clear water, denotes that passionate desires will find an ecstatic realization. Convivial entertainments will enchant you. To see them out of their sphere, denotes disappointment with the world. For a young woman to see them bathing, denotes that she will have great favor and pleasure, but they will not rest strictly within the moral code. To dream that she impersonates a nymph, is a sign that she is using her attractions for selfish purposes, and thus the undoing of men. O. And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions. Joel ii., 28 Oak. To dream of seeing a forest of oaks, signifies great prosperity in all conditions of life. To see an oak full of acorns, denotes increase and promotion. If blasted oak, it denotes sudden and shocking surprises. For sweethearts to dream of oaks, denotes that they will soon begin life together under favorable circumstances. Oar. To dream of handling oars, portends disappointments for you, inasmuch as you will sacrifice your own pleasure for the comfort of others. To lose an oar, denotes vain efforts to carry out designs satisfactorily. A broken oar represents interruption in some anticipated pleasure. Oath. Whenever you take an oath in your dreams, prepare for dissension and altercations on waking. Oatmeal. To dream of eating oatmeal, signifies the enjoyment of worthily earned fortune. For a young woman to dream of preparing it for the table, denotes that she will soon preside over the destiny of others. Oats. To dream that oats hold the vision, portends a variety of good things. The farmer will especially advance in fortune and domestic harmony. To see decayed oats, foretells that sorrow will displace bright hopes. Obedience. To dream that you render obedience to another, foretells for you a common place, a pleasant but uneventful period of life. If others are obedient to you, it shows that you will command fortune and high esteem. Obelisk. An obelisk looming up stately and cold in your dreams is the forerunner of melancholy tidings. For lovers to stand at the base of an obelisk, denotes fatal disagreements. Obituary. To dream of writing an obituary, denotes that unpleasant and discordant duties will devolve upon you. If you read one, news of a distracting nature will soon reach you. Obligation. To dream of obligating yourself in any incident, denotes that you will be fretted and worried by the thoughtless complaints of others. If others obligate themselves to you, it portends that you will win the regard of acquaintances and friends. Observatory. To dream of viewing the heavens and beautiful landscapes from an observatory, denotes your swift elevation to prominent positions and places of trust. For a young woman this dream signals the realization of the highest earthly joys. If the heavens are clouded, your highest aims will miss materialization. Occultist. To dream that you listen to the teachings of an occultist, denotes that you will strive to elevate others to a higher plane of justice and forbearance. If you accept his views, you will find honest delight by keeping your mind and person above material frivolities and pleasures. Ocean. To dream of the ocean when it is calm is propitious. The sailor will have a pleasant and profitable voyage. The business man will enjoy a season of remuneration, and the young man will revel in his sweethearts charms. To be far out on the ocean, and hear the waves lash the ship, forebodes disaster in business life, and quarrels and stormy periods in the household. To be on shore and see the waves of the ocean foaming against each other, foretells your narrow escape from injury and the designs of enemies. To dream of seeing the ocean so shallow as to allow wading, or a view of the bottom, signifies prosperity and pleasure with a commingling of sorrow and hardships. To sail on the ocean when it is calm, is always propitious. October. To imagine you are in October is ominous of gratifying success in your undertakings. You will also make new acquaintances which will ripen into lasting friendships. Oculist. To dream of consulting an oculist, denotes that you will be dissatisfied with your progress in life, and will use artificial means of advancement. Odd-Fellow. To dream of this order, signifies that you will have sincere friends, and misfortune will touch you but lightly. To join this order, foretells that you will win distinction and conjugal bliss. Odor. To dream of inhaling sweet odors, is a sign of a beautiful woman ministering to your daily life, and successful financiering. To smell disgusting odors, foretells unpleasant disagreements and unreliable servants. Offense. To dream of being offended, denotes that errors will be detected in your conduct, which will cause you inward rage while attempting to justify yourself. To give offense, predicts for you many struggles before reaching your aims. For a young woman to give, or take offense, signifies that she will regret hasty conclusions, and disobedience to parents or guardian. Offering. To bring or make an offering, foretells that you will be cringing and hypocritical unless you cultivate higher views of duty. Office. For a person to dream that he holds office, denotes that his aspirations will sometimes make him undertake dangerous paths, but his boldness will be rewarded with success. If he fails by any means to secure a desired office he will suffer keen disappointment in his affairs. To dream that you are turned out of office, signifies loss of valuables. Offspring. To dream of your own offspring, denotes cheerfulness and the merry voices of neighbors and children. To see the offspring of domestic animals, denotes increase in prosperity. Oil. To dream of anointing with oil, foretells events in which you will be the particular moving power. Quantities of oil, prognosticates excesses in pleasurable enterprises. For a man to dream that he deals in oil, denotes unsuccessful love making, as he will expect unusual concessions. For a woman to dream that she is anointed with oil, shows that she will be open to indiscreet advances. Oilcloth. To dream of oilcloth is a warning that you will meet coldness and treachery. To deal in it, denotes uncertain speculations. Ointment. To dream of ointment, denotes that you will form friendships which will prove beneficial and pleasing to you. For a young woman to dream that she makes ointment, denotes that she will be able to command her own affairs whether they be of a private or public character. Old Man, or Woman. To dream of seeing an old man, or woman, denotes that unhappy cares will oppress you, if they appear otherwise than serene. See Faces, Men, and Women. Olives. Gathering olives with a merry band of friends, foretells favorable results in business, and delightful surprises. If you take them from bottles, it foretells conviviality To break a bottle of olives, indicates disappointments on the eve of pleasure. To eat them, signifies contentment and faithful friends. Omelet. To see omelet being served in your dream, warns you of flattery and deceit, which is about to be used against you. To eat it, shows that you will be imposed upon by some one seemingly worthy of your confidence. Omnibus. To dream that you are being drawn through the streets in an omnibus, foretells misunderstandings with friends, and unwise promises will be made by you. See Carriage. One-Eyed. To see one-eyed creatures in your dreams, is portentous of an over-whelming intimation of secret intriguing against your fortune and happiness. Onions. Seeing quantities of onions in your dreams, represents the amount of spite and envy that you will meet, by being successful. If you eat them, you will overcome all opposition. If you see them growing, there will be just enough of rivalry in your affairs, to make things interesting. Cooked onions, denote placidity and small gains in business. To dream that you are cutting onions and feel the escaping juice in your eyes, denotes that you will be defeated by your rivals. Opera. To dream of attending an opera, denotes that you will be entertained by congenial friends, and find that your immediate affairs will be favorable. Opium. To dream of opium, signifies strangers will obstruct your chances of improving your fortune, by sly and seductive means. Opulence. For a young woman to dream that she lives in fairy like opulence, denotes that she will be deceived, and will live for a time in luxurious ease and splendor, to find later that she is mated with shame and poverty. When young women dream that they are enjoying solid and real wealth and comforts, they will always wake to find some real pleasure, but when abnormal or fairy-like dreams of luxury and joy seem to encompass them, their waking moments will be filled with disappointments; as the dreams are warnings, superinduced by their practicality being supplanted by their excitable imagination and lazy desires, which should be overcome with energy, and the replacing of practicality on her base. No young woman should fill her mind with idle day dreams, but energetically strive to carry forward noble ideals and thoughts, and promising and helpful dreams will come to her while she restores physical energies in sleep. See Wealth. Oranges. Seeing a number of orange trees in a healthy condition, bearing ripe fruit, is a sign of health and prosperous surroundings. To eat oranges is signally bad. Sickness of friends or relatives will be a source of worry to you. Dissatisfaction will pervade the atmosphere in business circles. If they are fine and well-flavored, there will be a slight abatement of ill luck. A young woman is likely to lose her lover, if she dreams of eating oranges. If she dreams of seeing a fine one pitched up high, she will be discreet in choosing a husband from many lovers. To slip on an orange peel, foretells the death of a relative. To buy oranges at your wifes solicitation, and she eats them, denotes that unpleasant complications will resolve themselves into profit. Orang-utang. To dream of an orang-utang, denotes that some person is falsely using your influence to further selfish schemes. For a young woman, it portends an unfaithful lover. Orator. Being under the spell of an orators eloquence, denotes that you will heed the voice of flattery to your own detriment, as you will be persuaded into offering aid to unworthy people. If a young woman falls in love with an orator, it is proof that in her loves she will be affected by outward show. Orchard. Dreaming of passing through leaving and blossoming orchards with your sweetheart, omens a delightful consummation of a long courtship. If the orchard is filled with ripening fruit, it denotes recompense for faithful service to those under masters, and full fruition of designs for the leaders of enterprises. Happy homes, with loyal husbands and obedient children, for wives. If you are in an orchard and see hogs eating the fallen fruit, it is a sign that you will lose property in trying to claim what are not really your own belongings. To gather the ripe fruit, is a happy omen of plenty to all classes. Orchards infested with blight, denotes a miserable existence, amid joy and wealth. To be caught in brambles, while passing through an orchard, warns you of a jealous rival, or, if married, a private but large row with your partner. If you dream of seeing a barren orchard, opportunities to rise to higher stations in life will be ignored. If you see one robbed of its verdure by seeming winter, it denotes that you have been careless of the future in the enjoyment of the present. To see a storm-swept orchard, brings an unwelcome guest, or duties. Orchestra. Belonging to an orchestra and playing, foretells pleasant entertainments, and your sweetheart will be faithful and cultivated. To hear the music of an orchestra, denotes that the knowledge of humanity will at all times prove you to be a much-liked person, and favors will fall unstintedly upon you. Organ. To hear the pealing forth of an organ in grand anthems, signifies lasting friendships and well-grounded fortune. To see an organ in a church, denotes despairing separation of families, and death, perhaps, for some of them. If you dream of rendering harmonious music on an organ, you will be fortunate in the way to worldly comfort, and much social distinction will be given you. To hear doleful singing and organ accompaniment, denotes you are nearing a wearisome task, and probable loss of friends or position. Organist. To see an organist in your dreams, denotes a friend will cause you much inconvenience from hasty action. For a young woman to dream that she is an organist, foretells she will be so exacting in her love that she will be threatened with desertion. Ornament. If you wear ornaments in dreams, you will have a flattering honor conferred upon you. If you receive them, you will be fortunate in undertakings. Giving them away, denotes recklessness and lavish extravagance. Losing an ornament, brings the loss either of a lover, or a good situation. Orphan. Condoling with orphans in a dream, means that the unhappy cares of others will touch your sympathies and cause you to sacrifice much personal enjoyment. If the orphans be related to you, new duties will come into your life, causing estrangement from friends ant from some person held above mere friendly liking. Ostrich. To dream of an ostrich, denotes that you will secretly amass wealth, but at the same time maintain degrading intrigues with women. To catch one, your resources will enable you to enjoy travel and extensive knowledge. Otter. To see otters diving and sporting in limpid streams is certain to bring the dreamer waking happiness and good fortune. You will find ideal enjoyment in an early marriage, if you are single; wives may expect unusual tenderness from their spouses after this dream. Ottoman. Dreams in which you find yourself luxuriously reposing upon an ottoman, discussing the intricacies of love with your sweetheart, foretells that envious rivals will seek to defame you in the eyes of your affianced, and a hasty marriage will be advised. See Couch. Ouija. To dream of working on an ouija board, foretells the miscarriage of plans and unlucky partnerships. To fail to work, one is ominous of complications, caused by substituting pleasure for business. If it writes fluently, you may expect fortunate results from some well-planned enterprise. If a negro steals it, you will meet with trials and vexations past endurance. To recover it, foretells that grievances will meet a favorable adjustment. Oven. For a woman to dream that her baking oven is red hot, denotes that she will be loved by her own family and friends, for her sweet and unselfish nature. If she is baking, temporary disappointments await her. If the oven is broken, she will undergo many vexations from children and servants. Overcoat. To dream of an overcoat, denotes you will suffer from contrariness, exhibited by others. To borrow one, foretells you will be unfortunate through mistakes made by strangers. If you see or are wearing a handsome new overcoat, you will be exceedingly fortunate in realizing your wishes. Over-alls. For a woman to dream that she sees a man wearing over-alls, she will be deceived as to the real character of her lover. If a wife, she will be deceived in her husbands frequent absence, and the real cause will create suspicions of his fidelity. Owl. To hear the solemn, unearthly sound of the muffled voice of the owl, warns dreamers that death creeps closely in the wake of health and joy. Precaution should be taken that life is not ruthlessly exposed to his unyielding grasp. Bad tidings of the absent will surely follow this dream. To see a dead owl, denotes a narrow escape from desperate illness or death. To see an owl, foretells that you will be secretly maligned and be in danger from enemies. Ox. To see a well-fed ox, signifies that you will become a leading person in your community, and receive much adulation from women. To see fat oxen in green pastures, signifies fortune, and your rise to positions beyond your expectations. If they are lean, your fortune will dwindle, and your friends will fall away from you. If you see oxen well-matched and yoked, it betokens a happy and wealthy marriage, or that you are already joined to your true mate. To see a dead ox, is a sign of bereavement. If they are drinking from a clear pond, or stream, you will possess some long-desired estate, perhaps it will be in the form of a lovely and devoted woman. If a woman she will win the embraces of her lover. See Cattle. Oysters. If you dream that you eat oysters, it denotes that you will lose all sense of propriety and morality in your pursuit of low pleasures, and the indulgence of an insatiate thirst for gaining. To deal in oysters, denotes that you will not be over-modest in your mode of winning a sweetheart, or a fortune. To see them, denotes easy circumstances, and many children are promised you. Oyster Shells. To see oyster shells in your dreams, denotes that you will be frustrated in your attempt to secure the fortune of another. P. And the King said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit was troubled to know the dream.Dan. ii., 3. Pacify. To endeavor to pacify suffering ones, denotes that you will be loved for your sweetness of disposition. To a young woman, this dream is one of promise of a devoted husband or friends. Pacifying the anger of others, denotes that you will labor for the advancement of others. If a lover dreams of soothing the jealous suspicions of his sweetheart, he will find that his love will be unfortunately placed. Packet. To dream of seeing a packet coming in, foretells that some pleasant recreation is in store for you. To see one going out, you will experience slight losses and disappointments. Page. To see a page, denotes that you will contract a hasty union with one unsuited to you. You will fail to control your romantic impulses. If a young woman dreams she acts as a page, it denotes that she is likely to participate in some foolish escapade. Pagoda. To see a pagoda in your dreams, denotes that you will soon go on a long desired journey. If a young woman finds herself in a pagoda with her sweetheart, many unforeseen events will transpire before her union is legalized. An empty one, warns her of separation from her lover. Pail. To dream of full pails of milk, is a sign of fair prospects and pleasant associations. An empty pail is a sign of famine, or bad crops. For a young woman to be carrying a pail, denotes household employment. Pain. To dream that you are in pain, will make sure of your own unhappiness. This dream foretells useless regrets over some trivial transaction. To see others in pain, warns you that you are making mistakes in your life. Paint and Painting. To see newly painted houses in dreams, foretells that you will succeed with some devised plan. To have paint on your clothing, you will be made unhappy by the thoughtless criticisms of others. To dream that you use the brush yourself, denotes that you will be well pleased with your present occupation. To dream of seeing beautiful paintings, denotes that friends will assume false positions towards you, and you will find that pleasure is illusive. For a young woman to dream of painting a picture, she will be deceived in her lover, as he will transfer his love to another. Palace. Wandering through a palace and noting its grandeur, signifies that your prospects are growing brighter and you will assume new dignity. To see and hear fine ladies and men dancing and conversing, denotes that you will engage in profitable and pleasing associations. For a young woman of moderate means to dream that she is a participant in the entertainment, and of equal social standing with others, is a sign of her advancement through marriage, or the generosity of relatives. This is often a very deceitful and misleading dream to the young woman of humble circumstances; as it is generally induced in such cases by the unhealthy day dreams of her idle, empty brain. She should strive after this dream, to live by honest work, and restrain deceitful ambition by observing the fireside counsels of mother, and friends. See Opulence. Palisade. To dream of the palisades, denotes that you will alter well-formed plans to please strangers, and by so doing, you will impair your own interests. Pall. To dream that you see a pall, denotes that you will have sorrow and misfortune. If you raise the pall from a corpse, you will doubtless soon mourn the death of one whom you love. Pall-bearer. To dream of a pall-bearer, indicates some enemy will provoke your ill feeling, by constant attacks on your integrity. If you see a pall-bearer, you will antagonize worthy institutions, and make yourself obnoxious to friends. Pallet. To dream of a pallet, denotes that you will suffer temporary uneasiness over your love affairs. For a young woman, it is a sign of a jealous rival. Palmistry. For a young woman to dream of palmistry, foretells she will be the object of suspicion. If she has her palms read, she will have many friends of the opposite sex, but her own sex will condemn her. If she reads others hands, she will gain distinction by her intelligent bearing. If a ministers hand, she will need friends, even in her elevation. Palm Tree. Palm trees seen in your dreams, are messages of hopeful situations and happiness of a high order. For a young woman to pass down an avenue of palms, omens a cheerful home and a faithful husband. If the palms are withered, some unexpected sorrowful event will disturb her serenity. Palsy. To dream that you are afflicted with palsy, denotes that you are making unstable contracts. To see your friend so afflicted, there will be uncertainty as to his faithfulness and sickness, too, may enter your home. For lovers to dream that their sweethearts have palsy, signifies that dissatisfaction over some question will mar their happiness. Pancake. To dream of eating pancakes, denotes that you will have excellent success in all enterprises undertaken at this time. To cook them, denotes that you will be economical and thrifty in your home. Pane of Glass. To dream that you handle a pane of glass, denotes that you are dealing in uncertainties. If you break it, your failure will be accentuated. To talk to a person through a pane of glass, denotes that there are obstacles in your immediate future, and they will cause you no slight inconvenience. Panorama. To dream of a panorama, denotes that you will change your occupation or residence. You should curb your inclinations for change of scene and friends. Panther. To see a panther and experience fright, denotes that contracts in love or business may be canceled unexpectedly, owing to adverse influences working against your honor. But killing, or over-powering it, you will experience joy and be successful in your undertakings. Your surroundings will take on fair prospects. If one menaces you by its presence, you will have disappointments in business. Other people will likely recede from their promises to you. If you hear the voice of a panther, and experience terror or fright, you will have unfavorable news, coming in the way of reducing profit or gain, and you may have social discord; no fright forebodes less evil. A panther, like the cat, seen in a dream, portends evil to the dreamer, unless he kills it. Pantomime. To dream of seeing pantomimes, denotes that your friends will deceive you. If you participate in them, you will have cause of offense. Affairs will not prove satisfactory. Paper or parchment. If you have occasion in your dreams to refer to, or handle, any paper or parchment, you will be threatened with losses. They are likely to be in the nature of a lawsuit. For a young woman, it means that she will be angry with her lover and that she fears the opinion of acquaintances. Beware, if you are married, of disagreements in the precincts of the home. Parables. To dream of parables, denotes that you will be undecided as to the best course to pursue in dissenting to some business complication. To the lover, or young woman, this is a prophecy of misunderstandings and disloyalty. Paradise. To dream that you are in Paradise, means loyal friends, who are willing to aid you. This dream holds out bright hopes to sailors or those about to make a long voyage. To mothers, this means fair and obedient children. If you are sick and unfortunate, you will have a speedy recovery and your fortune will ripen. To lovers, it is the promise of wealth and faithfulness. To dream that you start to Paradise and find yourself bewildered and lost, you will undertake enterprises which look exceedingly feasible and full of fortunate returns, but which will prove disappointing and vexatious. Paralysis. Paralysis is a bad dream, denoting financial reverses and disappointment in literary attainment. To lovers, it portends a cessation of affections. Parasol. To dream of a parasol, denotes, for married people, illicit enjoyments. If a young woman has this dream, she will engage in many flirtations, some of which will cause her interesting disturbances, lest her lover find out her inclinations. See Umbrella. Parcel. To dream of a parcel being delivered to you, denotes that you will be pleasantly surprised by the return of some absent one, or be cared for in a worldly way. If you carry a parcel, you will have some unpleasant task to perform. To let a parcel fall on the way as you go to deliver it, you will see some deal fail to go through. Pardon. To dream that you are endeavoring to gain pardon for an offense which you never committed, denotes that you will be troubled, and seemingly with cause, over your affairs, but it will finally appear that it was for your advancement. If offense was committed, you will realize embarrassment in affairs. To receive pardon, you will prosper after a series of misfortunes. See kindred words. Parents. To see your parents looking cheerful while dreaming, denotes harmony and pleasant associates. If they appear to you after they are dead, it is a warning of approaching trouble, and you should be particular of your dealings. To see them while they are living, and they seem to be in your home and happy, denotes pleasant changes for you. To a young woman, this usually brings marriage and prosperity. If pale and attired in black, grave disappointments will harass you. To dream of seeing your parents looking robust and contented, denotes you are under fortunate environments; your business and love interests will flourish. If they appear indisposed or sad, you will find lifes favors passing you by without recognition. See Father and Mother. Park. To dream of walking through a well-kept park, denotes enjoyable leisure. If you walk with your lover, you will be comfortably and happily married. Ill-kept parks, devoid of green grasses and foliage, is ominous of unexpected reverses. Parrot. Parrots chattering in your dreams, signifies frivolous employments and idle gossip among your friends. To see them in repose, denotes a peaceful intermission of family broils. For a young woman to dream that she owns a parrot, denotes that her lover will believe her to be quarrelsome. To teach a parrot, you will have trouble in your private affairs. A dead parrot, foretells the loss of social friends. Parsley. To dream of parsley, denotes hard-earned success, usually the surroundings of the dreamer are healthful and lively. To eat parsley, is a sign of good health, but the care of a large family will be your portion. Parsnips. To see or eat parsnips, is a favorable omen of successful business or trade, but love will take on unfavorable and gloomy aspects. Parting. To dream of parting with friends and companions, denotes that many little vexations will come into your daily life. If you part with enemies, it is a sign of success in love and business. Partner. To dream of seeing your business partner with a basket of crockery on his back, and, letting it fall, gets it mixed with other crockery, denotes your business will sustain a loss through the indiscriminate dealings of your partner. If you reprimand him for it, you will, to some extent, recover the loss. Partnership. To dream of forming a partnership with a man, denotes uncertain and fluctuating money affairs. If your partner be a woman, you will engage in some enterprise which you will endeavor to keep hidden from friends. To dissolve an unpleasant partnership, denotes that things will arrange themselves agreeable to your desires; but if the partnership was pleasant, there will be disquieting news and disagreeable turns in your affairs. Partridge. Partridges seen in your dreams, denotes that conditions will be good in your immediate future for the accumulation of property. To ensnare them, signifies that you will be fortunate in expectations. To kill them, foretells that you will be successful, but much of your wealth will be given to others. To eat them, signifies the enjoyment of deserved honors. To see them flying, denotes that a promising future is before you. Party. To dream of an unknown party of men assaulting you for your money or valuables, denotes that you will have enemies banded together against you. If you escape uninjured, you will overcome any opposition, either in business or love. To dream of attending a party of any kind for pleasure, you will find that life has much good, unless the party is an inharmonious one. Passenger. To dream that you see passengers coming in with their luggage, denotes improvement in your surroundings. If they are leaving you will lose an opportunity of gaining some desired property. If you are one of the passengers leaving home, you will be dissatisfied with your present living and will seek to change it. Passing Bell. To hear a passing bell, unexpected intelligence of the sorrow or illness of the absent. To ring one yourself, denotes ill health and reverses. Password. To dream of a password, foretells you will have influential aid in some slight trouble soon to attack you. For a woman to dream that she has given away the password, signifies she will endanger her own standing through seeking frivolous or illicit desires. Pasteboard. To dream of pasteboard, denotes that unfaithful friends will deceive you concerning important matters. To cut pasteboard, you will throw aside difficulties in your struggle to reach eminent positions. Pastry. To dream of pastry, denotes that you will be deceived by some artful person. To eat it, implies heartfelt friendships. If a young woman dreams that she is cooking it, she will fail to deceive others as to her real intentions. See Pies. Patch. To dream that you have patches upon your clothing, denotes that you will show no false pride in the discharge of obligations. To see others wearing patches, denotes want and misery are near. If a young woman discovers a patch on her new dress, it indicates that she will find trouble facing her when she imagines her happiest moments are approaching near. If she tries to hide the patches, she will endeavor to keep some ugly trait in her character from her lover. If she is patching, she will assume duties for which she has no liking. For a woman to do family patching, denotes close and loving bonds in the family, but a scarcity of means is portended. Patent. To dream of securing a patent, denotes that you will be careful and painstaking with any task you set about to accomplish. If you fail in securing your patent, you will suffer failure for the reason that you are engaging in enterprises for which you have no ability. If you buy one, you will have occasion to make a tiresome and fruitless journey. To see one, you will suffer unpleasantness from illness. Patent Medicine. To dream that you resort to patent medicine in your search for health, denotes that you will use desperate measures in advancing your fortune, but you will succeed, to the disappointment of the envious. To see or manufacture patent medicines, you will rise from obscurity to positions above your highest imaginings. Path. To dream that you are walking in a narrow and rough path, stumbling over rocks and other obstructions, denotes that you will have a rough encounter with adversity, and feverish excitement will weigh heavily upon you. To dream that you are trying to find your path, foretells that you will fail to accomplish some work that you have striven to push to desired ends. To walk through a pathway bordered with green grass and flowers, denotes your freedom from oppressing loves. Paunch. To see a large paunch, denotes wealth and the total absence of refinement. To see a shriveled paunch, foretells illness and reverses. Pauper. To dream that you are a pauper, implies unpleasant happenings for you. To see paupers, denotes that there will be a call upon your generosity. See Beggars and kindred words. Pawn-shop. If in your dreams you enter a pawn-shop, you will find disappointments and losses in your waking moments. To pawn articles, you will have unpleasant scenes with your wife or sweetheart, and perhaps disappointments in business. For a woman to go to a pawn-shop, denotes that she is guilty of indiscretions, and she is likely to regret the loss of a friend. To redeem an article, denotes that you will regain lost positions. To dream that you see a pawn-shop, denotes you are negligent of your trust and are in danger of sacrificing your honorable name in some salacious affair. Peaches. Dreaming of seeing or eating peaches, implies the sickness of children, disappointing returns in business, and failure to make anticipated visits of pleasure; but if you see them on trees with foliage, you will secure some desired position or thing after much striving and risking of health and money. To see dried peaches, denotes that enemies will steal from you. For a young woman to dream of gathering luscious peaches from well-filled trees, she will, by her personal charms and qualifications, win a husband rich in worldly goods and wise in travel. If the peaches prove to be green and knotty, she will meet with unkindness from relatives and ill health will steal away her attractions. See Orchard. Peacock. For persons dreaming of peacocks, there lies below the brilliant and flashing ebb and flow of the stream of pleasure and riches, the slums of sorrow and failure, which threaten to mix with its clearness at the least disturbing influence. For a woman to dream that she owns peacocks, denotes that she will be deceived in her estimate of mans honor. To hear their harsh voices while looking upon their proudly spread plumage, denotes that some beautiful and well-appearing person will work you discomfort and uneasiness of mind. Pearls. To dream of pearls, is a forerunner of good business and trade and affairs of social nature. If a young woman dreams that her lover sends her gifts of pearls, she will indeed be most fortunate, as there will be occasions of festivity and pleasure for her, besides a loving and faithful affianced devoid of the jealous inclinations so ruinous to the peace of lovers. If she loses or breaks her pearls, she will suffer indescribable sadness and sorrow through bereavement or misunderstandings. To find herself admiring them, she will covet and strive for love or possessions with a pureness of purpose. Pears. To dream of eating pears, denotes poor success and debilitating health. To admire the golden fruit upon graceful trees, denotes that fortune will wear a more promising aspect than formerly. To dream of gathering them, denotes pleasant surprises will follow quickly upon disappointment. To preserve them, denotes that you will take reverses philosophically. Baking them, denotes insipid love and friendships. Peas. Dreaming of eating peas, augurs robust health and the accumulation of wealth. Much activity is indicated for farmers and their women folks. To see them growing, denotes fortunate enterprises. To plant them, denotes that your hopes are well grounded and they will be realized. To gather them, signifies that your plans will culminate in good and you will enjoy the fruits of your labors. To dream of canned peas, denotes that your brightest hopes will be enthralled in uncertainties for a short season, but they will finally be released by fortune. To see dried peas, denotes that you are overtaxing your health. To eat dried peas, foretells that you will, after much success, suffer a slight decrease in pleasure or wealth. Pebbles. For a young woman to dream of a pebble-strewn walk, she will be vexed with many rivals and find that there are others with charms that attract besides her own. She who dreams of pebbles is selfish and should cultivate leniency towards others faults. Pecans. To dream of eating this appetizing nut, you will see one of your dearest plans come to full fruition, and seeming failure prove a prosperous source of gain. To see them growing among leaves, signifies a long, peaceful existence. Failure in love or business will follow in proportion as the pecan is decayed. If they are difficult to crack and the fruit is small, you will succeed after much trouble and expense, but returns will be meagre. Pelican. To dream of a pelican, denotes a mingling of disappointments with successes. To catch one, you will be able to overcome disappointing influences. To kill one, denotes that you will cruelly set aside the rights of others. To see them flying, you are threatened with changes, which will impress you with ideas of uncertainty as to good. Pen. To dream of a pen, foretells you are unfortunately being led into serious complications by your love of adventure. If the pen refuses to write, you will be charged with a serious breach of morality. Penalties. To dream that you have penalties imposed upon you, foretells that you will have duties that will rile you and find you rebellious. To pay a penalty, denotes sickness and financial loss. To escape the payment, you will be victor in some contest. Pencil. To dream of pencils, denotes favorable occupations. For a young woman to write with one, foretells she will be fortunate in marriage, if she does not rub out words; in that case, she will be disappointed in her lover. Penitentiary. To dream of a penitentiary, denotes you will have engagements which will, unfortunately, result in your loss. To be an inmate of one, foretells discontent in the home and failing business. To escape from one, you will overcome difficult obstacles. Penny. To dream of pennies, denotes unsatisfactory pursuits. Business will suffer, and lovers and friends will complain of the smallness of affection. To lose them, signifies small deference and failures. To find them, denotes that prospects will advance to your improvement. To count pennies, foretells that you will be business-like and economical. Pension. To dream of drawing a pension, foretells that you will be aided in your labors by friends. To fail in your application for a pension, denotes that you will lose in an undertaking and suffer the loss of friendships. People. See Crowd. Pepper. To dream of pepper burning your tongue, foretells that you will suffer from your acquaintances through your love of gossip. To see red pepper growing, foretells for you a thrifty and an independent partner in the marriage state. To see piles of red pepper pods, signifies that you will aggressively maintain your rights. To grind black pepper, denotes that you will be victimized by the wiles of ingenious men or women. To see it in stands on the table, omens sharp reproaches or quarrels. For a young woman to put it on her food, foretells that she will be deceived by her friends. Peppermint. To dream of peppermint, denotes pleasant entertainments and interesting affairs. To see it growing, denotes that you will participate in some pleasure in which there will be a dash of romance. To enjoy drinks in which there is an effusion of peppermint, denotes that you will enjoy assignations with some attractive and fascinating person. To a young woman, this dream warns her against seductive pleasures. Perfume. To dream of inhaling perfume, is an augury of happy incidents. For you to perfume your garments and person, denotes that you will seek and obtain adulation. Being oppressed by it to intoxication, denotes that excesses in joy will impair your mental qualities. To spill perfume, denotes that you will lose something which affords you pleasure. To break a bottle of perfume, foretells that your most cherished wishes and desires will end disastrously, even while they promise a happy culmination. To dream that you are distilling perfume, denotes that your employments and associations will be of the pleasantest character. For a young woman to dream of perfuming her bath, foretells ecstatic happenings. If she receives it as a gift from a man, she will experience fascinating, but dangerous pleasures. Perspiration. To dream that you are in a perspiration, foretells that you will come out of some difficulty, which has caused much gossip, with new honors. Pest. To dream of being worried over a pest of any nature, foretells that disturbing elements will prevail in your immediate future. To see others thus worried, denotes that you will be annoyed by some displeasing development. Petticoat. To dream of seeing new petticoats, denotes that pride in your belongings will make you an object of raillery among your acquaintances. To see them soiled or torn, portends that your reputation will be in great danger. If a young woman dream that she wears silken, or clean, petticoats, it denotes that she will have a doting, but manly husband. If she suddenly perceives that she has left off her petticoat in dressing, it portends much ill luck and disappointment. To see her petticoat falling from its place while she is at some gathering, or while walking, she will have trouble in retaining her lover, and other disappointments may follow. Pewter. To dream of pewter, foretells straitened circumstances. See Dishes. Phantom. To dream that a phantom pursues you, foretells strange and disquieting experiences. To see a phantom fleeing from you, foretells that trouble will assume smaller proportions. See Ghost. Pheasant. Dreaming of pheasants, omens good fellowship among your friends. To eat one, signifies that the jealousy of your wife will cause you to forego friendly intercourse with your friends. To shoot them, denotes that you will fail to sacrifice one selfish pleasure for the comfort of friends. Phosphorus. To dream of seeing phosphorus, is indicative of evanescent joys. For a young woman, it foretells a brilliant but brief success with admirers. Photography. If you see photographs in your dreams, it is a sign of approaching deception. If you receive the photograph of your lover, you are warned that he is not giving you his undivided loyalty, while he tries to so impress you. For married people to dream of the possession of other persons photographs, foretells unwelcome disclosures of ones conduct. To dream that you are having your own photograph made, foretells that you will unwarily cause yourself and others trouble. Physician. For a young woman to dream of a physician, denotes that she is sacrificing her beauty in engaging in frivolous pastimes. If she is sick and thus dreams, she will have sickness or worry, but will soon overcome them, unless the physician appears very anxious, and then her trials may increase, ending in loss and sorrow. Piano. To dream of seeing a piano, denotes some joyful occasion. To hear sweet and voluptuous harmony from a piano, signals success and health. If discordant music is being played, you will have many exasperating matters to consider. Sad and plaintive music, foretells sorrowful tidings. To find your piano broken and out of tune, portends dissatisfaction with your own accomplishments and disappointment in the failure of your friends or children to win honors. To see an old-fashioned piano, denotes that you have, in trying moments, neglected the advices and opportunities of the past, and are warned not to do so again. For a young woman to dream that she is executing difficult, but entrancing music, she will succeed in winning an indifferent friend to be a most devoted and loyal lover. Pickaxe. To dream of a pickaxe, denotes a relentless enemy is working to overthrow you socially. A broken one, implies disaster to all your interests. Pickles. To dream of pickles, denotes that you will follow worthless pursuits if you fail to call energy and judgment to your aid. For a young woman to dream of eating pickles, foretells an unambitious career. To dream of pickles, denotes vexation in love, but final triumph. For a young woman to dream that she is eating them, or is hungry for them, foretells she will find many rivals, and will be overcome unless she is careful of her private affairs. Impure pickles, indicate disappointing engagements and love quarrels. Pickpocket. To dream of a pickpocket, foretells some enemy will succeed in harassing and causing you loss. For a young woman to have her pocket picked, denotes she will be the object of some persons envy and spite, and may lose the regard of a friend through these evil machinations, unless she keeps her own counsel. If she picks others pockets, she will incur the displeasure of a companion by her coarse behavior. Picnic. To dream of attending a picnic, foreshadows success and real enjoyment. Dreams of picnics, bring undivided happiness to the young. Storms, or any interfering elements at a picnic, implies the temporary displacement of assured profit and pleasure in love or business. See Kindred Words. Pictures. Pictures appearing before you in dreams, prognosticate deception and the ill will of contemporaries. To make a picture, denotes that you will engage in some unremunerative enterprise. To destroy pictures, means that you will be pardoned for using strenuous means to establish your rights. To buy them, foretells worthless speculation. To dream of seeing your likeness in a living tree, appearing and disappearing, denotes that you will be prosperous and seemingly contented, but there will be disappointments in reaching out for companionship and reciprocal understanding of ideas and plans. To dream of being surrounded with the best efforts of the old and modern masters, denotes that you will have insatiable longings and desires for higher attainments, compared to which present success will seem poverty-stricken and miserable. See Painting and Photographs. Pier. To stand upon a pier in your dream, denotes that you will be brave in your battle for recognition in prosperitys realm, and that you will be admitted to the highest posts of honor. If you strive to reach a pier and fail, you will lose the distinction you most coveted. Pies. To dream of eating pies, you will do well to watch your enemies, as they are planning to injure you. For a young woman to dream of making pies, denotes that she will flirt with men for pastime. She should accept this warning. See Pastry. Pig. To dream of a fat, healthy pig, denotes reasonable success in affairs. If they are wallowing in mire, you will have hurtful associates, and your engagements will be subject to reproach. This dream will bring to a young woman a jealous and greedy companion though the chances are that he will be wealthy. See Hog. Pigeon. To dream of seeing pigeons and hearing them cooing above their cotes, denotes domestic peace and pleasure-giving children. For a young woman, this dream indicates an early and comfortable union. To see them being used in a shooting match, and, if you participate, it denotes that cruelty in your nature will show in your dealings, and you are warned of low and debasing pleasures. To see them flying, denotes freedom from misunderstanding, and perhaps news from the absent. Pilgrim. To dream of pilgrims, denotes that you will go on an extended journey, leaving home and its dearest objects in the mistaken idea that it must be thus for their good. To dream that you are a pilgrim, portends struggles with poverty and unsympathetic companions. For a young woman to dream that a pilgrim approaches her, she will fall an easy dupe to deceit. If he leaves her, she will awaken to her weakness of character and strive to strengthen independent thought. Pill. To dream that you take pills, denotes that you will have responsibilities to look after, but they will bring you no little comfort and enjoyment. To give them to others, signifies that you will be criticised for your disagreeableness. Pillow. To dream of a pillow, denotes luxury and comfort. For a young woman to dream that she makes a pillow, she will have encouraging prospects of a pleasant future. Pimple. To dream of your flesh being full of pimples, denotes worry over trifles. To see others with pimples on them, signifies that you will be troubled with illness and complaints from others. For a woman to dream that her beauty is marred by pimples, her conduct in home or social circles will be criticised by friends and acquaintances. You may have small annoyances to follow this dream. Pincers. To dream of feeling pincers on your flesh, denotes that you will be burdened with exasperating cares. Any dream of pincers, signifies unfortunate incidents. Pineapple. To dream of pineapples, is exceedingly propitious. Success will follow in the near future, if you gather pineapples or eat them. To dream that you prick your fingers while preparing a pineapple for the table, you will experience considerable vexation over matters which will finally bring pleasure and success. Pine Tree. To see a pine tree in a dream, foretells unvarying success in any undertaking. Dead pine, for a woman, represents bereavement and cares. Pins. To dream of pins, augurs differences and quarrels ill families. To a young woman, they warn her of unladylike conduct towards her lover. To dream of swallowing a pin, denotes that accidents will force you into perilous conditions. To lose one, implies a petty loss or disagreement. To see a bent or rusty pin, signifies that you will lose esteem because of your careless ways. To stick one into your flesh, denotes that some person will irritate you. Pipe. Pipes seen in dreams, are representatives of peace and comfort after many struggles. Sewer, gas, and such like pipes, denotes unusual thought and prosperity in your community. Old and broken pipe, signifies ill health and stagnation of business. To dream that you smoke a pipe, denotes that you will enjoy the visit of an old friend, and peaceful settlements of differences will also take place. Pirate. To dream of pirates, denotes that you will be exposed to the evil designs of false friends. To dream that you are a pirate, denotes that you will fall beneath the society of friends and former equals. For a young woman to dream that her lover is a pirate, is a sign of his unworthiness and deceitfulness. If she is captured by pirates, she will be induced to leave her home under false pretenses. Pistol. Seeing a pistol in your dream, denotes bad fortune, generally. If you own one, you will cultivate a low, designing character. If you hear the report of one, you will be made aware of some scheme to ruin your interests. To dream of shooting off your pistol, signifies that you will bear some innocent person envy, and you will go far to revenge the imagined wrong. Pit. If you are looking into a deep pit in your dream, you will run silly risks in business ventures and will draw uneasiness about your wooing. To fall into a pit denotes calamity and deep sorrow. To wake as you begin to feel yourself falling into the pit, brings you out of distress in fairly good shape. To dream that you are descending into one, signifies that you will knowingly risk health and fortune for greater success. Pitcher. To dream of a pitcher, denotes that you will be of a generous and congenial disposition. Success will attend your efforts. A broken pitcher, denotes loss of friends. Pitchfork. Pitchforks in dreams, denotes struggles for betterment of fortune and great laboring, either physically or mentally. To dream that you are attacked by some person using a pitchfork, implies that you will have personal enemies who would not scruple to harm you. Plague. To dream of a plague raging, denotes disappointing returns in business, and your wife or lover will lead you a wretched existence. If you are afflicted with the plague, you will keep your business out of embarrassment with the greatest maneuvering. If you are trying to escape it, some trouble, which looks impenetrable, is pursuing you. Plain. For a young woman to dream of crossing a plain, denotes that she will be fortunately situated, if the grasses are green and luxuriant; if they are arid, or the grass is dead, she will have much discomfort and loneliness. See Prairie. Plane. To dream that you use a plane, denotes that your liberality and successful efforts will be highly commended. To see carpenters using their planes, denotes that you will progress smoothly in your undertakings. To dream of seeing planes, denotes congeniality and even success. A love of the real, and not the false, is portended by this dream. Planet. To dream of a planet, foretells an uncomfortable journey and depressing work. Plank. For a young woman to dream that she is walking across muddy water on a rotten plank, denotes that she will feel keenly the indifference shown her by one she loves, or other troubles may arise; or her defence of honor may be in danger of collapse. Walking a good, sound plank, is a good omen, but a person will have to be unusually careful in conduct after such a dream. Plaster. To dream of seeing walls plainly plastered, denotes that success will come, but it will not be stable. To have plaster fall upon you, denotes unmitigated disasters and disclosure. To see plasterers at work, denotes that you will have a sufficient competency to live above penury. Plate. For a woman to dream of plates, denotes that she will practise economy and win a worthy husband. If already married, she will retain her husbands love and respect by the wise ordering of his household. See Dishes. Play. For a young woman to dream that she attends a play, foretells that she will be courted by a genial friend, and will marry to further her prospects and pleasure seeking. If there is trouble in getting to and from the play, or discordant and hideous scenes, she will be confronted with many displeasing surprises. See Theater. Pleasure. To dream of pleasure, denotes gain and personal enjoyment. See Joy. Plow. To dream of a plow, signifies unusual success, and affairs will reach a pleasing culmination. To see persons plowing, denotes activity and advancement in knowledge and fortune. For a young woman to see her lover plowing, indicates that she will have a noble and wealthy husband. Her joys will be deep and lasting. To plow yourself, denotes rapid increase in property and joys. Plums. Plums, if they are green, unless seen on trees, are signs of personal and relative discomfort. To see them ripe, denotes joyous occasions, which, however, will be of short duration. To eat them, denotes that you will engage in flirtations and other evanescent pleasures. To gather them, you will obtain your desires, but they will not prove so solid as you had imagined. If you find yourself gathering them up from the ground, and find rotten ones among the good, you will be forced to admit that your expectations are unrealized, and that there is no life filled with pleasure alone. Pocket. To dream of your pocket, is a sign of evil demonstrations against you. Pocketbook. To find a pocketbook filled with bills and money in your dreams, you will be quite lucky, gaining in nearly every instance your desire. If empty, you will be disappointed in some big hope. If you lose your pocketbook, you will unfortunately disagree with your best friend, and thereby lose much comfort and real gain. Poinard. To dream of some one stabbing you with a poinard, denotes that secret enemies will cause you uneasiness of mind. If you attack any person with one of these weapons, you will unfortunately suspect your friends of unfaithfulness. Dreaming of poinards, omens evil. See Dagger. Poison. To fed that you are poisoned in a dream, denotes that some painful influence will immediately reach you. If you seek to use poison on others, you will be guilty of base thoughts, or the world will go wrong for you. For a young woman to dream that she endeavors to rid herself of a rival in this way, she will be likely to have a deal of trouble in securing a lover. To throw the poison away, denotes that by sheer force you will overcome unsatisfactory conditions. To handle poison, or see others with it, signifies that unpleasantness will surround you. To dream that your relatives or children are poisoned, you will receive injury from unsuspected sources. If an enemy or rival is poisoned, you will overcome obstacles. To recover from the effects of poison, indicates that you will succeed after worry. To take strychnine or other poisonous medicine under the advice of a physician, denotes that you will undertake some affair fraught with danger. Poker. To dream of seeing a red hot poker, or fighting with one, signifies that you will meet trouble with combative energy. To play at poker, warns you against evil company; and young women, especially, will lose their moral distinctiveness if they find themselves engaged in this game. Polar Bear. Polar bears in dreams, are prognostic of deceit, as misfortune will approach you in a seeming fair aspect. Your bitterest enemies will wear the garb of friendship. Rivals will try to supersede you. To see the skin of one, denotes that you will successfully overcome any opposition. See Bear. Pole-cat. To dream of a pole-cat, signifies salacious scandals. To inhale the odor of a pole-cat on your clothes, or otherwise smell one, you will find that your conduct will be considered rude, and your affairs will prove unsatisfactory. To kill one, denotes that you will overcome formidable obstacles. Police. If the police are trying to arrest you for some crime of which you are innocent, it foretells that you will successfully outstrip rivalry. If the arrest is just, you will have a season of unfortunate incidents. To see police on parole, indicates alarming fluctuations in affairs. Polishing. To dream of polishing any article, high attainments will place you in enviable positions. Politician. To dream of a politician, denotes displeasing companionships, and incidences where you will lose time and means. If you engage in political wrangling, it portends that misunderstandings and ill feeling will be shown you by friends. For a young woman to dream of taking interest in politics, warns her against designing duplicity, Polka. To dream of dancing the polka, denotes pleasant occupations. See Dancing. Pomegranate. Pomegranates, when dreamed of, denotes that you will wisely use your talents for the enrichment of the mind rather than seeking those pleasures which destroy morality and health. If your sweetheart gives you one, you will be lured by artful wiles to the verge of distraction by womans charms, but inner forces will hold you safe from thralldom. To eat one, signifies that you will yield yourself a captive to the personal charms of another. Pond. To see a pond in your dream, denotes that events will bring no emotion, and fortune will retain a placid outlook. If the pond is muddy, you will have domestic quarrels. See Water Puddle and kindred words. Pony. To see ponies in your dreams, signifies moderate speculations will be rewarded with success. Poor. To dream that you, or any of your friends, appear to be poor, is significant of worry and losses. See Pauper. Poor-house. To see a poor-house in your dream, denotes you have unfaithful friends, who will care for you only as they can use your money and belongings. Pope. Any dream in which you see the Pope, without speaking to him, warns you of servitude. You will bow to the will of some master, even to that of women. To speak to the Pope, denotes that certain high honors are in store for you. To see the Pope looking sad or displeased, warns you against vice or sorrow of some kind. Poplars. To dream of seeing poplars, is an omen of good, if they are in leaf or bloom. For a young woman to stand by her lover beneath the blossoms and leaves of a tulip poplar, she will realize her most extravagant hopes. Her lover will be handsome and polished. Wealth and friends will be hers. If they are leafless and withered, she will meet with disappointments. Poppies. Poppies seen in dreams, represents a season of seductive pleasures and flattering business, but they all occupy unstable foundations. If you inhale the odor of one, you will be the victim of artful persuasions and flattery. The mesmeric influence of the poppy inducts one into strange atmospheres, leaving materiality behind while the subjective self explores these realms as in natural sleep; yet these dreams do not bear truthful warnings to the material man. Being, in a manner, enforced. Porcelain. To dream of porcelain, signifies you will have favorable opportunities of progressing in your affairs. To see it broken or soiled, denotes mistakes will be made which will cause grave offense. Porch. To dream of a porch, denotes that you will engage a new undertakings, and the future will be full of uncertainties. If a young woman dreams that she is with her lover on a porch, implies her doubts of some ones intentions. To dream that you build a porch, you will assume new duties. Porcupine. To see a porcupine in your dreams, denotes that you will disapprove any new enterprise and repel new friendships with coldness. For a young woman to dream of a porcupine, portends that she will fear her lover. To see a dead one, signifies your abolishment of ill feelings and possessions. Pork. If you eat pork in your dreams, you will encounter real trouble, but if you only see pork, you will come out of a conflict victoriously. See Bacon. Porpoise. To see a porpoise in your dreams, denotes enemies are thrusting your interest aside, through your own inability to keep people interested in you. Porter. Seeing a porter in a dream, denotes decided bad luck and eventful happenings. To imagine yourself a porter, denotes humble circumstances. To hire one, you will be able to enjoy whatever success comes to you. To discharge one, signifies that disagreeable charges will be preferred against you. Portfolio. To dream of a portfolio, denotes that your employment will not be to your liking, and you will seek a change in your location. Portrait. To dream of gazing upon the portrait of some beautiful person, denotes that, while you enjoy pleasure, you can but feel the disquieting and treacherousness of such joys. Your general affairs will suffer loss after dreaming of portraits. See Pictures, Photographs, and Paintings. Postage. To dream of postage stamps, denotes system and remuneration in business. If you try to use cancelled stamps, you will fall into disrepute. To receive stamps, signifies a rapid rise to distinction. To see torn stamps, denotes that there are obstacles in your way. Postman. To dream of a postman, denotes that hasty news will more frequently be of a distressing nature than otherwise. See Letter Carrier. Post-office. To dream of a post-office, is a sign of unpleasant tidings. and ill luck generally. Pot. To dream of a pot, foretells that unimportant events will work you vexation. For a young woman to see a boiling pot, omens busy employment of pleasant and social duties. To see a broken or rusty one, implies that keen disappointment will be experienced by you. Potatoes. Dreaming of potatoes, brings incidents often of good. To dream of digging them, denotes success. To dream of eating them, you will enjoy substantial gain. To cook them, congenial employment. Planting them, brings realization of desires. To see them rotting, denotes vanished pleasure and a darkening future. Potter. To dream of a potter, denotes constant employment, with satisfactory results. For a young woman to see a potter, foretells she will enjoy pleasant engagements. Potters Field. To see a potters field in your dreams, denotes you will have poverty and misery to distress you. For a young woman to walk through a potters field with her lover, she will give up the one she loves in the hope of mercenary gain. Poultry. To see dressed poultry in a dream, foretells extravagant habits will reduce your security in money matters. For a young woman to dream that she is chasing live poultry, foretells she will devote valuable time to frivolous pleasure. Powder. To see powder in your dreams, denotes unscrupulous people are dealing with you. You may detect them through watchfulness. Prairie. To dream of a prairie, denotes that you will enjoy ease, and even luxury and unobstructed progress. An undulating prairie, covered with growing grasses and flowers, signifies joyous happenings. A barren prairie, represents loss and sadness through the absence of friends. To be lost on one, is a sign of sadness and ill luck. Prayer. To dream of saying prayers, or seeing others doing so, foretells you will be threatened with failure, which will take strenuous efforts to avert. Preacher. To dream of a preacher, denotes that your ways are not above reproach, and your affairs will not move evenly. To dream that you are a preacher, foretells for you losses in business, and distasteful amusements will jar upon you. To hear preaching, implies that you will undergo misfortune. To argue with a preacher, you will lose in some contest. To see one walk away from you, denotes that your affairs will move with new energy. If he looks sorrowful, reproaches will fall heavily upon you. To see a long-haired preacher, denotes that you are shortly to have disputes with overbearing and egotistical people. Precipice. To dream of standing over a yawning precipice, portends the threatenings of misfortunes and calamities. To fall over a precipice, denotes that you will be engulfed in disaster. See Abyss and Pit. Pregnancy. For a woman to dream that she is pregnant, denotes she will be unhappy with her husband, and her children will be unattractive. For a virgin, this dream omens scandal and adversity. If a woman is really pregnant and has this dream, it prognosticates a safe delivery and swift recovery of strength. Present. To receive presents in your dreams, denotes that you will be unusually fortunate. See Gifts. Priest. A priest is an augury of ill, if seen in dreams. If he is in the pulpit, it denotes sickness and trouble for the dreamer. If a woman dreams that she is in love with a priest, it warns her of deceptions and an unscrupulous lover. If the priest makes love to her, she will be reproached for her love of gaiety and practical joking. To confess to a priest, denotes that you will be subjected to humiliation and sorrow. These dreams imply that you have done, or will do, something which will bring discomfort to yourself or relatives. The priest or preacher is your spiritual adviser, and any dream of his professional presence is a warning against your own imperfections. Seen in social circles, unless they rise before you as spectres, the same rules will apply as to other friends. See Preacher. Primrose. To dream of this little flower starring the grass at your feet, is an omen of joys laden with comfort and peace. Printer. To see a printer in your dreams, is a warning of poverty, if you neglect to practice economy and cultivate energy. For a woman to dream that her lover or associate is a printer, foretells she will fail to please her parents in the selection of a close friend. Printing Office. To be in a printing office in dreams, denotes that slander and contumely will threaten you To run a printing office is indicative of hard luck. For a young woman to dream that her sweetheart is connected with a printing office, denotes that she will have a lover who is unable to lavish money or time upon her, and she will not be sensible enough to see why he is so stingy. Prison. To dream of a prison, is the forerunner of misfortune in every instance, if it encircles your friends, or yourself. To see any one dismissed from prison, denotes that you will finally overcome misfortune. See Jail. Privacy. To dream that your privacy suffers intrusion, foretells you will have overbearing people to worry you. For a woman, this dream warns her to look carefully after private affairs. If she intrudes on the privacy of her husband or lover, she will disabuse some ones confidence, if not careful of her conversation. Prize Fight. To see a prize fight in your dreams, denotes your affairs will give you trouble in controlling them. Prize Fighter. For a young woman to see a prize fighter, foretells she will have pleasure in fast society, and will give her friends much concern about her reputation. Procession. To dream of a procession, denotes that alarming fears will possess you relative to the fulfilment of expectations. If it be a funeral procession, sorrow is fast approaching, and will throw a shadow around pleasures. To see or participate in a torch-light procession, denotes that you will engage in gaieties which will detract from your real merit. Profanity. To dream of profanity, denotes that you will cultivate those traits which render you coarse and unfeeling toward your fellow man. To dream that others use profanity, is a sign that you will be injured in some way, and probably insulted also. Profits. To dream of profits, brings success in your immediate future. See Gain. Promenade. To dream of promenading, foretells that you will engage in energetic and profitable pursuits. To see others promenading, signifies that you will have rivals in your pursuits. Property. To dream that you own vast property, denotes that you will be successful in affairs, and gain friendships. See Wealth. Prostitute. To dream that you are in the company of a prostitute, denotes that you will incur the righteous scorn of friends for some ill-mannered conduct. For a young woman to dream of a prostitute, foretells that she will deceive her lover as to her purity or candor. This dream to a married woman brings suspicion of her husband and consequent quarrels. See Harlot. Publican. To dream of a publican, denotes that you will have your sympathies aroused by some one in a desperate condition, and you will diminish your own gain for his advancement. To a young woman, this dream brings a worthy lover; but because of his homeliness she will trample on his feelings unnecessarily. Publisher. To dream of a publisher, foretells long journeys and aspirations to the literary craft. If a woman dreams that her husband is a publisher, she will be jealous of more than one woman of his acquaintance, and spicy scenes will ensue. For a publisher to reject your manuscript, denotes that you will suffer disappointment at the miscarriage of cherished designs. If he accepts it, you will rejoice in the full fruition of your hopes. If he loses it, you will suffer evil at the hands of strangers. Puddings. To dream of puddings, denotes small returns from large investments, if you only see it. To eat it, is proof that your affairs will be disappointing. For a young woman to cook, or otherwise prepare a pudding, denotes that her lover will be sensual and worldly minded, and if she marries him, she will see her love and fortune vanish. Puddle. To find yourself stepping into puddles of clear water in a dream, denotes a vexation, but some redeeming good in the future. If the water be muddy, unpleasantness will go a few rounds with you. To wet your feet by stepping into puddles, foretells that your pleasure will work you harm afterwards. Pulpit. To dream of a pulpit, denotes sorrow and vexation. To dream that you are in a pulpit, foretells sickness, and unsatisfactory results in business or trades of any character. Pulse. To dream of your pulse, is warning to look after your affairs and health with close care, as both are taking on debilitating conditions. To dream of feeling the pulse of another, signifies that you are committing depredations in Pleasures domain. Pump. To see a pump in a dream, denotes that energy and faithfulness to business will produce desired riches, good health also is usually betokened by this dream. To see a broken pump, signifies that the means of advancing in life will be absorbed by family cares. To the married and the unmarried, it intimates blasted energies. If you work a pump, your life will be filled with pleasure and profitable undertakings. Punch. To dream of drinking the concoction called punch, denotes that you will prefer selfish pleasures to honorable distinction and morality. To dream that you are punching any person with a club or fist, denotes quarrels and recriminations. Pup. To dream of pups, denotes that you will entertain the innocent and hapless, and thereby enjoy pleasure. The dream also shows that friendships will grow stronger, and fortune will increase if the pups are healthful and well formed, and vice versa if they are lean and filthy. See Dogs and Hound Pups. Purchases. To dream of purchases usually augurs profit and advancement with pleasure. Purse. To dream of your purse being filled with diamonds and new bills, denotes for you associations where Good Cheer is the watchword, and harmony and tender loves will make earth a beautiful place. See Pocket-book. Putty. To dream of working in putty, denotes that hazardous chances will be taken with fortune. If you put in a window-pane with putty, you will seek fortune with poor results. Pyramid. To dream of pyramids, denotes that many changes will come to you. If you scale them, you will journey along before you find the gratification of desires. For the young woman, it prognosticates a husband who is in no sense congenial. To dream that you are studying the mystery of the ancient pyramids, denotes that you will develop a love for the mysteries of nature, and you will become learned and polished. Q. And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold, the angels of God ascending and descending on it.Gen. xxviii., 12. Quack Doctor. To see a quack doctor in your dreams, denotes you will be alarmed over some illness and its improper treatment. Quack Medicine. To dream you take quack medicine, shows that you are growing morbid under some trouble, and should overcome it by industrious application to duty. To read the advertisement of it, foretells unhappy companions will wrong and distress you. Quadrille. To dream of dancing a quadrille, foretells that some pleasant engagement will occupy your time. See Dancing. Quagmire. To dream of being in a quagmire, implies your inability to meet obligations. To see others thus situated, denotes that the failures of others will be felt by you. Illness is sometimes indicated by this dream. Quail. To see quails in your dream, is a very favorable omen, if they are alive; if dead, you will undergo serious ill luck. To shoot quail, foretells that ill feelings will be shown by you to your best friends. To eat them, signifies extravagance in your personal living. Quaker. To dream of a Quaker, denotes that you will have faithful friends and fair business. If you are one, you will deport yourself honorably toward an enemy. For a young woman to attend a Quaker meeting, portends that she will by her modest manners win a faithful husband who will provide well for her household. Quarantine. To dream of being in quarantine, denotes that you will be placed in a disagreeable position by the malicious intriguing of enemies. Quarrel. Quarrels in dreams, portends unhappiness, and fierce altercations. To a young woman, it is the signal of fatal unpleasantries, and to a married woman it brings separation or continuous disagreements. To hear others quarreling, denotes unsatisfactory business and disappointing trade. Quarry. To dream of being in a quarry and seeing the workmen busy, denotes that you will advance by hard labor. An idle quarry, signifies failure, disappointment, and often death. Quartette. To dream of a quartette, and you are playing or singing, denotes favorable affairs, jolly companions, and good times. To see or hear a quartette, foretells that you will aspire to something beyond you. Quay. To dream of a quay, denotes that you will contemplate making a long tour in the near future. To see vessels while standing on the quay, denotes the fruition of wishes and designs. Queen. To dream of a queen, foretells succesful{sic} ventures. If she looks old or haggard, there will be disappointments connected with your pleasures. See Empress. Question. To question the merits of a thing in your dreams, denotes that you will suspect some one whom you love of unfaithfulness, and you will fear for your speculations. To ask a question, foretells that you will earnestly strive for truth and be successful. If you are questioned, you will be unfairly dealt with. Quicksand. To find yourself in quicksand while dreaming, you will meet with loss and deceit. If you are unable to overcome it, you will be involved in overwhelming misfortunes. For a young woman to be rescued by her lover from quicksand, she will possess a worthy and faithful husband, who will still remain her lover. Quills. To dream of quills, denotes to the literary inclined a season of success. To dream of them as ornaments, signifies a rushing trade, and some remuneration. For a young woman to be putting a quill on her hat, denotes that she will attempt many conquests, and her success will depend upon her charms. Quilts. To dream of quilts, foretells pleasant and comfortable circumstances. For a young woman, this dream foretells that her practical and wise business-like ways will advance her into the favorable esteem of a man who will seek her for a wife. If the quilts are clean, but having holes in them, she will win a husband who appreciates her worth, but he will not be the one most desired by her for a companion. If the quilts are soiled, she will bear evidence of carelessness in her dress and manners, and thus fail to secure a very upright husband. Quinine. To dream of quinine, denotes you will soon be possessed of great happiness, though your prospects for much wealth may be meager. To take some, foretells improvement in health and energy. You will also make new friends, who will lend you commercial aid. Quinsy. To dream of being afflicted with this disease, denotes discouraging employments. To see others with it, sickness will cause you much anxiety. Quoits. To play at quoits in dreams, foretells low engagements and loss of good employment. To lose, portends of distressing conditions. R. And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying Jacob: And I said, Here I am. Gen. xxxi, 11. Rabbit. To dream of rabbits, foretells favorable turns in conditions, and you will be more pleased with your gains than formerly. To see white rabbits, denotes faithfulness in love, to the married or single. To see rabbits frolicing about, denotes that children will contribute to your joys. See Hare. Raccoon. To dream of a raccoon, denotes you are being deceived by the friendly appearance of enemies. Race. To dream that you are in a race, foretells that others will aspire to the things you are working to possess, but if you win in the race, you will overcome your competitors. Rack. To dream of a rack, denotes the uncertainty of the outcome of some engagement which gives you much anxious thought. Racket. To dream of a racket, denotes that you will be foiled in some anticipated pleasure. For a young woman, this dream is ominous of disappointment in not being able to participate in some amusement that has engaged her attention. Radish. To dream of seeing a bed of radishes growing, is an omen of good luck. Your friends will be unusually kind, and your business will prosper. If you eat them, you will suffer slightly through the thoughtlessness of some one near to you. To see radishes, or plant them, denotes that your anticipations will be happily realized. Raffle. If you dream of raffling any article, you will fall a victim to speculation. If you are at a church raffle, you will soon find that disappointment is clouding your future. For a young woman, this dream means empty expectations. Raft. To dream of a raft, denotes that you will go into new locations to engage in enterprises, which will prove successful. To dream of floating on a raft, denotes uncertain journeys. If you reach your destination, you will surely come into good fortune. If a raft breaks, or any such mishap befalls it, yourself or some friend will suffer from an accident, or sickness will bear unfortunate results. Rage. To be in a rage and scolding and tearing up things generally, while dreaming, signifies quarrels, and injury to your friends. To see others in a rage, is a sign of unfavorable conditions for business, and unhappiness in social life. For a young woman to see her lover in a rage, denotes that there will be some discordant note in their love, and misunderstandings will naturally occur. Railing. To dream of seeing railings, denotes that some person is trying to obstruct your pathway in love or business. To dream of holding on to a railing, foretells that some desperate chance will be taken by you to obtain some object upon which you have set your heart. It may be of love, or of a more material form. Railroad. If you dream of a railroad, you will find that your business will need close attention, as enemies are trying to usurp you. For a young woman to dream of railroads, she will make a journey to visit friends, and will enjoy some distinction. To see an obstruction on these roads, indicates foul play in your affairs. To walk the cross ties of a railroad, signifies a time of worry and laborious work. To walk the rails, you may expect to obtain much happiness from your skilful manipulation of affairs. To see a road inundated with clear water, foretells that pleasure will wipe out misfortune for a time, but it will rise, phoenix like, again. Rain. To be out in a clear shower of rain, denotes that pleasure will be enjoyed with the zest of youth, and prosperity will come to you. If the rain descends from murky clouds, you will feel alarmed over the graveness of your undertakings. To see and hear rain approaching, and you escape being wet, you will succeed in your plans, and your designs will mature rapidly. To be sitting in the house and see through the window a downpour of rain, denotes that you will possess fortune, and passionate love will be requited. To hear the patter of rain on the roof, denotes a realization of domestic bliss and joy. Fortune will come in a small way. To dream that your house is leaking during a rain, if the water is clear, foretells that illicit pleasure will come to you rather unexpectedly; but if filthy or muddy, you may expect the reverse, and also exposure. To find yourself regretting some duty unperformed while listening to the rain, denotes that you will seek pleasure at the expense of anothers sense of propriety and justice. To see it rain on others, foretells that you will exclude friends from your confidence. For a young woman to dream of getting her clothes wet and soiled while out in a rain, denotes that she will entertain some person indiscreetly, and will suffer the suspicions of friends for the unwise yielding to foolish enjoyments. To see it raining on farm stock, foretells disappointment in business, and unpleasantness in social circles. Stormy rains are always unfortunate. Rainbow. To see a rainbow in a dream, is prognostic of unusual happenings. Affairs will assume a more promising countenance, and crops will give promise of a plentiful yield. For lovers to see the rainbow, is an omen of much happiness from their union. To see the rainbow hanging low over green trees, signifies unconditional success in any undertaking. Raisins. To dream of eating raisins, implies that discouragements will darken your hopes when they seem about to be realized. Rake. To dream of using a rake, portends that some work which you have left to others will never be accomplished unless you superintend it yourself. To see a broken rake, denotes that sickness, or some accident will bring failure to your plans. To see others raking, foretells that you will rejoice in the fortunate condition of others. Ram. To dream that a ram pursues you, foretells that some misfortune threatens you. To see one quietly grazing denotes that you will have powerful friends, who will use their best efforts for your good. See Sheep and Lamb. Ramble. To dream that you are rambling through the country, denotes that you will be oppressed with sadness, and the separation from friends, but your worldly surroundings will be all that one could desire. For a young woman, this dream promises a comfortable home, but early bereavement. Ramrod. To dream of a ramrod, denotes unfortunate adventures. You will have cause for grief. For a young woman to see one bent or broken, foretells that a dear friend or lover will fail her. Ransom. To dream that a ransom is made for you, you will find that you are deceived and worked for money on all sides. For a young woman, this is prognostic of evil, unless some one pays the ransom and relieves her. Rape. To dream that rape has been committed among your acquaintances, denotes that you will be shocked at the distress of some of your friends. For a young woman to dream that she has been the victim of rape, foretells that she will have troubles, which will wound her pride, and her lover will be estranged. Rapids. To imagine that you are being carried over rapids in a dream, denotes that you will suffer appalling loss from the neglect of duty and the courting of seductive pleasures. Raspberry. To see raspberries in a dream, foretells you are in danger of entanglements which will prove interesting before you escape from them. For a woman to eat them, means distress over circumstantial evidence in some occurrence causing gossip. Rat. To dream of rats, denotes that you will be deceived, and injured by your neighbors. Quarrels with your companions is also foreboded. To catch rats, means you will scorn the baseness of others, and worthily outstrip your enemies. To kill one, denotes your victory in any contest. See Mice. Rat-trap. To dream of falling into a rat-trap, denotes that you will be victimized and robbed of some valuable object. To see an empty one, foretells the absence of slander or competition. A broken one, denotes that you will be rid of unpleasant associations. To set one, you will be made aware of the designs of enemies, but the warning will enable you to outwit them. See Mouse-trap. Rattan Cane. To dream of a rattan cane, foretells that you will depend largely upon the judgment of others, and you should cultivate independence in planning and executing your own affairs. Rattle. To dream of seeing a baby play with its rattle, omens peaceful contentment in the home, and enterprises will be honorable and full of gain. To a young woman, it augurs an early marriage and tender cares of her own. To give a baby a rattle, denotes unfortunate investments. Raven. To dream of a raven, denotes reverse in fortune and inharmonious surroundings. For a young woman, it is implied that her lover will betray her. See Crow. Razor. To dream of a razor, portends disagreements and contentions over troubles. To cut yourself with one, denotes that you will be unlucky in some deal which you are about to make. Fighting with a razor, foretells disappointing business, and that some one will keep you harassed almost beyond endurance. A broken or rusty one, brings unavoidable distress. Reading. To be engaged in reading in your dreams, denotes that you will excel in some work, which appears difficult. To see others reading, denotes that your friends will be kind, and are well disposed. To give a reading, or to discuss reading, you will cultivate your literary ability. Indistinct, or incoherent reading, implies worries and disappointments. Reapers. To dream of seeing reapers busy at work at their task, denotes prosperity and contentment. If they appear to be going through dried stubble, there will be a lack of good crops, and business will consequently fall off. To see idle ones, denotes that some discouraging event will come in the midst of prosperity. To see a broken reaping machine, signifies loss of employment, or disappointment in trades. See Mowing. Reception. To dream of attending a reception, denotes that you will have pleasant engagements. Confusion at a reception will work you disquietude. See Entertainment. Refrigerator. To see a refrigerator in your dreams, portends that your selfishness will offend and injure some one who endeavors to gain an honest livelihood. To put ice in one, brings the dreamer into disfavor. Register. To dream that some one registers your name at a hotel for you, denotes you will undertake some work which will be finished by others. If you register under an assumed name, you will engage in some guilty enterprise which will give you much uneasiness of mind. Reindeer. To dream of a reindeer, signifies faithful discharge of duties, and remaining staunch to friends in their adversity. To drive them, foretells that you will have hours of bitter anguish, but friends will attend you. Religion. If you dream of discussing religion and feel religiously inclined, you will find much to mar the calmness of your life, and business will turn a disagreeable front to you. If a young woman imagines that she is over religious, she will disgust her lover with her efforts to act ingenuous innocence and goodness. If she is irreligious and not a transgressor, it foretells that she will have that independent frankness and kind consideration for others, which wins for women profound respect, and love from the opposite sex as well as her own; but if she is a transgressor in the eyes of religion, she will find that there are moral laws, which, if disregarded, will place her outside the pale of honest recognition. She should look well after her conduct. If she weeps over religion, she will be disappointed in the desires of her heart. If she is defiant, but innocent of offence, she will shoulder burdens bravely, and stand firm against deceitful admonitions. If you are self-reproached in the midst of a religious excitement, you will find that you will be almost induced to give up your own personality to please some one whom you hold in reverent esteem. To see religion declining in power, denotes that your life will be more in harmony with creation than formerly. Your prejudices will not be so aggressive. To dream that a minister in a social way tells you that he has given up his work, foretells that you will be the recipient of unexpected tidings of a favorable nature, but if in a professional and warning way, it foretells that you will be overtaken in your deceitful intriguing, or other disappointments will follow. These dreams are sometimes fulfilled literally in actual life. When this is so, they may have no symbolical meaning. Religion is thrown around men to protect them from vice, so when they propose secretly in their minds to ignore its teachings, they are likely to see a minister or some place of church worship in a dream as a warning against their contemplated action. If they live pure and correct lives as indicated by the church, they will see little of the solemnity of the church or preachers. Rent. To dream that you rent a house, is a sign that you will enter into new contracts, which will prove profitable. To fail to rent out property, denotes that there will be much inactivity in business. To pay rent, signifies that your financial interest will be satisfactory. If you cant pay your rent, it is unlucky for you, as you will see a falling off in trade, and social pleasures will be of little benefit. Reprieve. To be under sentence in a dream and receive a reprieve, foretells that you will overcome some difficulty which is causing you anxiety. For a young woman to dream that her lover has been reprieved, denotes that she will soon hear of some good luck befalling him, which will be of vital interest to her. Reptile. If a reptile attacks you in a dream, there will be trouble of a serious nature ahead for you. If you succeed in killing it, you will finally overcome obstacles. To see a dead reptile come to life, denotes that disputes and disagreements, which were thought to be settled, will be renewed and pushed with bitter animosity. To handle them without harm to yourself, foretells that you will be oppressed by the ill humor and bitterness of friends, but you will succeed in restoring pleasant relations. For a young woman to see various kinds of reptiles, she will have many conflicting troubles. Her lover will develop fancies for others. If she is bitten by any of them, she will be superseded by a rival. Rescue. To dream of being rescued from any danger, denotes that you will be threatened with misfortune, and will escape with a slight loss. To rescue others, foretells that you will be esteemed for your good deeds. Resign. To dream that you resign any position, signifies that you will unfortunately embark in new enterprises. To hear of others resigning, denotes that you will have unpleaasant{sic} tidings. Resurrection. To dream that you are resurrected from the dead, you will have some great vexation, but will eventually gain your desires. To see others resurrected, denotes unfortunate troubles will be lightened by the thoughtfulness of friends Resuscitate. To dream that you are being resuscitated, denotes that you will have heavy losses, but will eventually regain more than you lose, and happiness will attend you. To resuscitate another, you will form new friendships, which will give you prominence and pleasure. Revelation. To dream of a revelation, if it be of a pleasant nature, you may expect a bright outlook, either in business or love; but if the revelation be gloomy you will have many discouraging features to overcome. Revenge. To dream of taking revenge, is a sign of a weak and uncharitable nature, which if not properly governed, will bring you troubles and loss of friends. If others revenge themselves on you, there will be much to fear from enemies. Revival. To dream you attend a religious revival, foretells family disturbances and unprofitable engagements. If you take a part in it, you will incur the displeasure of friends by your contrary ways. See Religion. Revolver. For a young woman to dream that she sees her sweetheart with a revolver, denotes that she will have a serious disagreement with some friend, and probably separation from her lover. See Pistol, Firearms, etc. Rheumatism. To feel rheumatism attacking you in a dream, foretells unexpected delay in the accomplishment of plans. To see others so afflicted brings disappointments. Rhinestones. To dream of rhinestones, denotes pleasures and favors of short duration. For a young woman to dream that a rhinestone proves to be a diamond, foretells she will be surprised to find that some insignificant act on her part will result in good fortune. Rhinoceros. To dream that you see a rhinoceros, foretells you will have a great loss threatening you, and that you will have secret troubles. To kill one, shows that you will bravely overcome obstacles. Rhubarb. To dream of rhubarb growing, denotes that pleasant entertainments will occupy your time for a while. To cook it, foretells spirited arguments in which you will lose a friend. To eat it, denotes dissatisfaction with present employment. Rib. To dream of seeing ribs, denotes poverty and misery. Ribbon. Seeing ribbons floating from the costume of any person in your dreams, indicates you will have gay and pleasant companions, and practical cares will not trouble you greatly. For a young woman to dream of decorating herself with ribbons, she will soon have a desirable offer of marriage, but frivolity may cause her to make a mistake. If she sees other girls wearing ribbons, she will encounter rivalry in her endeavors to secure a husband. If she buys them, she will have a pleasant and easy place in life. If she feels angry or displeased about them, she will find that some other woman is dividing her honors and pleasures with her in her social realm. Rice. Rice is good to see in dreams, as it foretells success and warm friendships. Prosperity to all trades is promised, and the farmer will be blessed with a bounteous harvest. To eat it, signifies happiness and domestic comfort. To see it mixed with dirt or otherwise impure, denotes sickness and separation from friends. For a young woman to dream of cooking it, shows she will soon assume new duties, which will make her happier, and she will enjoy wealth. Riches. To dream that you are possessed of riches, denotes that you will rise to high places by your constant exertion and attention to your affairs. See Wealth. Riddles. To dream that you are trying to solve riddles, denotes you will engage in some enterprise which will try your patience and employ your money. The import of riddles is confusion and dissatisfaction. Ride. To dream of riding is unlucky for business or pleasure. Sickness often follows this dream. If you ride slowly, you will have unsatisfactory results in your undertakings. Swift riding sometimes means prosperity under hazardous conditions. Riding School. To attend a riding school, foretells some friend will act falsely by you, but you will throw off the vexing influence occasioned by it. Ring. To dream of wearing rings, denotes new enterprises in which you will be successful. A broken ring, foretells quarrels and unhappiness in the married state, and separation to lovers. For a young woman to receive a ring, denotes that worries over her lovers conduct will cease, as he will devote himself to her pleasures and future interest. To see others with rings, denotes increasing prosperity and many new friends. Ringworms. To dream of having ringworms appear on you, you will have a slight illness, and some exasperating difficulty in the near future. To see them on others, beggars and appeals for charity will beset you. Riot. To dream of riots, foretells disappointing affairs. To see a friend killed in a riot, you will have bad luck in all undertakings, and the death, or some serious illness, of some person will cause you distress. Rising. To dream of rising to high positions, denotes that study and advancement will bring you desired wealth. If you find yourself rising high into the air, you will come into unexpected riches and pleasures, but you are warned to be careful of your engagements, or you may incur displeasing prominence. Rival. To dream you have a rival, is a sign that you will be slow in asserting your rights, and will lose favor with people of prominence. For a young woman, this dream is a warning to cherish the love she already holds, as she might unfortunately make a mistake in seeking other bonds. If you find that a rival has outwitted you, it signifies that you will be negligent in your business, and that you love personal ease to your detriment. If you imagine that you are the successful rival, it is good for your advancement, and you will find congeniality in your choice of a companion. River. If you see a clear, smooth, flowing river in your dream, you will soon succeed to the enjoyment of delightful pleasures, and prosperity will bear flattering promises. If the waters are muddy or tumultuous, there will be disagreeable and jealous contentions in your life. If you are water-bound by the overflowing of a river, there will be temporary embarrassments in your business, or you will suffer uneasiness lest some private escapade will reach public notice and cause your reputation harsh criticisms. If while sailing upon a clear river you see corpses in the bottom, you will find that trouble and gloom will follow swiftly upon present pleasures and fortune. To see empty rivers, denotes sickness and unusual ill-luck. Road. Traveling over a rough, unknown road in a dream, signifies new undertakings, which will bring little else than grief and loss of time. If the road is bordered with trees and flowers, there will be some pleasant and unexpected fortune for you. If friends accompany you, you will be successful in building an ideal home, with happy children and faithful wife, or husband. To lose the road, foretells that you will make a mistake in deciding some question of trade, and suffer loss in consequence. Roast. To see or eat roast in a dream, is an omen of domestic infelicity and secret treachery. Rocket. To see a rocket ascending in your dream, foretells sudden and unexpected elevation, successful wooing, and faithful keeping of the marriage vows. To see them falling, unhappy unions may be expected. Rocking-chair. Rocking-chairs seen in dreams, bring friendly intercourse and contentment with any environment. To see a mother, wife, or sweetheart in a rocking chair, is ominous of the sweetest joys that earth affords. To see vacant rocking-chairs, forebodes bereavement or estrangement. The dreamer will surely merit misfortune in some form. Rocks. To dream of rocks, denotes that you will meet reverses, and that there will be discord and general unhappiness. To climb a steep rock, foretells immediate struggles and disappointing surroundings. See Stones. Rogue. To see or think yourself a rogue, foretells you are about to commit some indiscretion which will give your friends uneasiness of mind. You are likely to suffer from a passing malady. For a woman to think her husband or lover is a rogue, foretells she will be painfully distressed over neglect shown her by a friend. Rogues Gallery. To dream that you are in a rogues gallery, foretells you will be associated with people who will fail to appreciate you. To see your own picture, you will be overawed by a tormenting enemy. Roman Candle. To see Roman candles while dreaming, is a sign of speedy attainment of coveted pleasures and positions. To imagine that you have a loaded candle and find it empty, denotes that you will be disappointed with the possession of some object which you have long striven to obtain. See Rocket. Roof. To find yourself on a roof in a dream, denotes unbounded success. To become frightened and think you are falling, signifies that, while you may advance, you will have no firm hold on your position. To see a roof falling in, you will be threatened with a sudden calamity. To repair, or build a roof, you will rapidly increase your fortune. To sleep on one, proclaims your security against enemies and false companions. Your health will be robust. Roof Corner. To see a person dressed in mourning sitting on a roof corner, foretells there will be unexpected and dismal failures in your business. Affairs will appear unfavorable in love. Rooks. To dream of rooks, denotes that while your friends are true, they will not afford you the pleasure and contentment for which you long, as your thoughts and tastes will outstrip their humble conception of life. A dead rook, denotes sickness or death in your immediate future. Rooster. To dream of a rooster, foretells that you will be very successful and rise to prominence, but you will allow yourself to become conceited over your fortunate rise. To see roosters fighting, foretells altercations and rivals. See Chickens. Roots. To dream of seeing roots of plants or trees, denotes misfortune, as both business and health will go into decline. To use them as medicine, warns you of approaching illness or sorrow. Ropes. Ropes in dreams, signify perplexities and complications in affairs, and uncertain love making. If you climb one, you will overcome enemies who are working to injure you. To decend{sic} a rope, brings disappointment to your most sanguine moments. If you are tied with them, you are likely to yield to love contrary to your judgment. To break them, signifies your ability to overcome enmity and competition. To tie ropes, or horses, denotes that you will have power to control others as you may wish. To walk a rope, signifies that you will engage in some hazardous speculation, but will surprisingly succeed. To see others walking a rope, you will benefit by the fortunate ventures of others. To jump a rope, foretells that you will startle your associates with a thrilling escapade bordering upon the sensational. To jump rope with children, shows that you are selfish and overbearing; failing to see that children owe very little duty to inhuman parents. To catch a rope with the foot, denotes that under cheerful conditions you will be benevolent and tender in your administrations. To dream that you let a rope down from an upper window to people below, thinking the proprietors would be adverse to receiving them into the hotel, denotes that you will engage in some affair which will not look exactly proper to your friends, but the same will afford you pleasure and interest. For a young woman, this dream is indicative of pleasures which do not bear the stamp of propriety. Rosebush. To see a rosebush in foliage but no blossoms, denotes prosperous circumstances are enclosing you. To see a dead rosebush, foretells misfortune and sickness for you or relatives. Rosemary. Rosemary, if seen in dreams, denotes that sadness and indifference will cause unhappiness in homes where there is every appearance of prosperity. Roses. To dream of seeing roses blooming and fragrant, denotes that some joyful occasion is nearing, and you will possess the faithful love of your sweetheart. For a young woman to dream of gathering roses, shows she will soon have an offer of marriage, which will be much to her liking. Withered roses, signify the absence of loved ones. White roses, if seen without sunshine or dew, denotes serious if not fatal illness. To inhale their fragrance, brings unalloyed pleasure. For a young woman to dream of banks of roses, and that she is gathering and tying them into bouquets, signifies that she will be made very happy by the offering of some person whom she regards very highly. Rosette. To wear or see rosettes on others while in dreams, is significant of frivolous waste of time; though you will experience the thrills of pleasure, they will bring disappointments. Rouge. To dream of using rouge, denotes that you will practice deceit to obtain your wishes. To see others with it on their faces, warns you that you are being artfully used to further the designs of some deceitful persons. If you see it on your hands, or clothing, you will be detected in some scheme. If it comes off of your face, you will be humiliated before some rival, and lose your lover by assuming unnatural manners. Roundabout. To dream of seeing a roundabout, denotes that you will struggle unsuccessfully to advance in fortune or love. Rowboat. To dream that you are in a rowboat with others, denotes that you will derive much pleasure from the companionship of gay and worldly persons. If the boat is capsized, you will suffer financial losses by engaging in seductive enterprises. If you find yourself defeated in a rowing race, you will lose favors to your rivals with your sweetheart. If you are the victor, you will easily obtain supremacy with women. Your affairs will move agreeably. Rubber. To dream of being clothed in rubber garments, is a sign that you will have honors conferred upon you because of your steady and unchanging stand of purity and morality. If the garments are ragged or torn, you should be cautious in your conduct, as scandal is ready to attack your reputation. To dream of using rubber as a slang term, foretells that you will be easy to please in your choice of pleasure and companions. If you find that your limbs will stretch like rubber, it is a sign that illness is threatening you, and you are likely to use deceit in your wooing and business. To dream of rubber goods, denotes that your affairs will be conducted on a secret basis, and your friends will fail to understand your conduct in many instances. Rubbish. To dream of rubbish, denotes that you will badly manage your affairs. Ruby. To dream of a ruby, foretells you will be lucky in speculations of business or love. For a woman to lose one, is a sign of approaching indifference of her lover. Rudder. To dream of a rudder, you will soom{sic} make a pleasant journey to foreign lands, and new friendships will be formed. A broken rudder, augurs disappointment and sickness. Ruins. To dream of ruins, signifies broken engagements to lovers, distressing conditions in business, destruction to crops, and failing health. To dream of ancient ruins, foretells that you will travel extensively, but there will be a note of sadness mixed with the pleasure in the realization of a long-cherished hope. You will feel the absence of some friend. Rum. To dream of drinking rum, foretells that you will have wealth, but will lack moral refinement, as you will lean to gross pleasures. See other intoxicating drinks. Running. To dream of running in company with others, is a sign that you will participate in some festivity, and you will find that your affairs are growing towards fortune. If you stumble or fall, you will lose property and reputation. Running alone, indicates that you will outstrip your friends in the race for wealth, and you will occupy a higher place in social life. If you run from danger, you will be threatened with losses, and you will despair of adjusting matters agreeably. To see others thus running, you will be oppressed by the threatened downfall of friends. To see stock running, warns you to be careful in making new trades or undertaking new tasks. Rupture. To dream that you are ruptured, denotes you will have physical disorders or disagreeable contentions. If it be others you see in this condition, you will be in danger of irreconcilable quarrels. Rust. To dream of rust on articles, old pieces of tin, or iron, is significant of depression of your surroundings. Sickness, decline in fortune and false friends are filling your sphere. Rye. To see rye, is a dream of good, as prosperity envelopes your future in brightest promises. To see coffee made of rye, denotes that your pleasures will be tempered with sound judgment, and your affairs will be managed without disagreeable friction. To see stock entering rye fields, denotes that you will be prosperous. Rye Bread. To see or eat rye bread in your dreams, foretells you will have a cheerful and well-appointed home. S. And it came to pass at the end of the two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed; and behold, he stood by the river. Gen. Xli., 1. Saddle. To dream of saddles, foretells news of a pleasant nature, also unannounced visitors. You are also, probably, to take a trip which will prove advantageous. Safe. To dream of seeing a safe, denotes security from discouraging affairs of business and love. To be trying to unlock a safe, you will be worried over the failure of your plans not reaching quick maturity. To find a safe empty, denotes trouble. Saffron. Saffron seen in a dream warns you that you are entertaining false hopes, as bitter enemies are interfering secretly with your plans for the future. To drink a tea made from saffron, foretells that you will have quarrels and alienations in your family. Sage. To dream of sage, foretells thrift and economy will be practised by your servants or family. For a woman to think she has too much in her viands, omens she will regret useless extravagance in love as well as fortune. Sailing. To dream of sailing on calm waters, foretells easy access to blissful joys, and immunity from poverty and whatever brings misery. To sail on a small vessel, denotes that your desires will not excel your power of possessing them. See Ocean and Sea. Sailor. To dream of sailors, portends long and exciting journeys. For a young woman to dream of sailors, is ominous of a separation from her lover through a frivolous flirtation. If she dreams that she is a sailor, she will indulge in some unmaidenly escapade, and be in danger of losing a faithful lover. Salad. To dream of eating salad, foretells sickness and disagreeable people around you. For a young woman to dream of making it, is a sign that her lover will be changeable and quarrelsome. Salmon. Dreaming of salmon, denotes that much good luck and pleasant duties will employ your time. For a young woman to eat it, foretells that she will marry a cheerful man, with means to keep her comfortable. Salt. Salt is an omen of discordant surroundings when seen in dreams. You will usually find after dreaming of salt that everything goes awry, and quarrels and dissatisfaction show themselves in the family circle. To salt meat, portends that debts and mortgages will harass you. For a young woman to eat salt, she will be deserted by her lover for a more beautiful and attractive girl, thus causing her deep chagrin. Saltpeter. To dream of saltpeter, denotes change in your living will add loss to some unconquerable grief. Salve. To dream of salve, denotes you will prosper under adverse circumstances and convert enemies into friends. Samples. To dream of receiving merchandise samples, denotes improvement in your business. For a traveling man to lose his samples, implies he will find himself embarrassed in business affairs, or in trouble through love engagements. For a woman to dream that she is examining samples sent her, denotes she will have chances to vary her amusements. Sand. To dream of sand, is indicative of famine and losses. Sanskrit. To dream of Sanskrit, denotes that you will estrange yourself from friends in order to investigate hidden subjects, taking up those occupying the minds of cultured and progressive thinkers. Sapphire. To dream of sapphire, is ominous of fortunate gain, and to woman, a wise selection in a lover. Sardines. To eat sardines in a dream, foretells that distressing events will come unexpectedly upon you. For a young woman to dream of putting them on the table, denotes that she will be worried with the attentions of a person who is distasteful to her. Sardonyx. To dream of sardonyx, signifies gloomy surroundings will be cleared away by your energetic overthrow of poverty. For a woman, this dream denotes an increase in her possessions, unless she loses or throws them away, then it might imply a disregard of opportunities to improve her condition. Sash. To dream of wearing a sash, foretells that you will seek to retain the affections of a flirtatious person. For a young woman to buy one, she will be faithful to her lover, and win esteem by her frank, womanly ways. Satan. To dream of Satan, foretells that you will have some dangerous adventures, and you will be forced to use strategy to keep up honorable appearances. To dream that you kill him, foretells that you will desert wicked or immoral companions to live upon a higher plane. If he comes to you under the guise of literature, it should be heeded as a warning against promiscuous friendships, and especially flatterers. If he comes in the shape of wealth or power, you will fail to use your influence for harmony, or the elevation of others. If he takes the form of music, you are likely to go down before his wiles. If in the form of a fair woman, you will probably crush every kindly feeling you may have for the caresses of this moral monstrosity. To feel that you are trying to shield yourself from satan, denotes that you will endeavor to throw off the bondage of selfish pleasure, and seek to give others their best deserts. See Devil. Sausage. To dream of making sausage, denotes that you will be successful in many undertakings. To eat them, you will have a humble, but pleasant home. Saw. To dream that you use a hand-saw, indicates an energetic and busy time, and cheerful home life. To see big saws in machinery, foretells that you will superintend a big enterprise, and the same will yield fair returns. For a woman, this dream denotes that she will be esteemed, and her counsels will be heeded. To dream of rusty or broken saws, denotes failure and accidents. To lose a saw, you will engage in affairs which will culminate in disaster. To hear the buzz of a saw, indicates thrift and prosperity. To find a rusty saw, denotes that you will probably restore your fortune. To carry a saw on your back, foretells that you will carry large, but profitable, responsibilities. Sawdust. To dream of sawdust, signifies that grievous mistakes will cause you distress and quarreling in your home. Scabbard. To dream of a scabbard, denotes some misunderstanding will be amicably settled. If you wonder where your scabbard can be, you will have overpowering difficulties to meet. Scaffold. To dream of a scaffold, denotes that you will undergo keen disappointment in failing to secure the object of your affection. To ascend one, you will be misunderstood and censured by your friends for some action, which you never committed. To decend one, you will be guilty of wrong doing, and you will suffer the penalty. To fall from one, you will be unexpectedly surprised while engaged in deceiving and working injury to others. Scaldhead. To see any one with a scaldhead in your dreams, there will be uneasiness felt over the sickness or absence of some one near to you. If you dream that your own head is thus afflicted, you are in danger of personal illness or accidents. Scalding. To dream of being scalded, portends that distressing incidents will blot out pleasurable anticipations. Scales. To dream of weighing on scales, portends that justice will temper your conduct, and you will see your prosperity widening. For a young woman to weigh her lover, the indications are that she will find him of solid worth, and faithfulness will balance her love. Scandal. To dream that you are an object of scandal, denotes that you are not particular to select good and true companions, but rather enjoy having fast men and women contribute to your pleasure. Trade and business of any character will suffer dulness after this dream. For a young woman to dream that she discussed a scandal, foretells that she will confer favors, which should be sacred, to some one who will deceive her into believing that he is honorably inclined. Marriage rarely follows swiftly after dreaming of scandal. Scarcity. To dream of scarcity, foretells sorrow in the household and failing affairs. Scarlet Fever. To dream of scarlet fever, foretells you are in danger of sickness, or in the power of an enemy. To dream a relative dies suddenly with it, foretells you will be overcome by villainous treachery. Sceptre. To imagine in your dreams that you wield a sceptre, foretells that you will be chosen by friends to positions of trust, and you will not disappoint their estimate of your ability. To dream that others wield the sceptre over you, denotes that you will seek employment under the supervision of others, rather than exert your energies to act for yourself. School. To dream of attending school, indicates distinction in literary work. If you think you are young and at school as in your youth, you will find that sorrow and reverses will make you sincerely long for the simple trusts and pleasures of days of yore. To dream of teaching a school, foretells that you will strive for literary attainments, but the bare necessities of life must first be forthcoming. To visit the schoolhouse of your childhood days, portends that discontent and discouraging incidents overshadows the present. School Teacher. To dream of a school teacher, denotes you are likely to enjoy learning and amusements in a quiet way. If you are one, you are likely to reach desired success in literary and other works. Scissors. To dream of scissors is an unlucky omen; wives will be jealous and distrustful of their husbands, and sweethearts will quarrel and nag each other into crimination and recrimination. Dulness will overcast business horizons. To dream that you have your scissors sharpened, denotes that you will work to do that which will be repulsive to your feelings. To break them, there will be quarrels, and probable separations for you. To lose them, you will seek to escape from unpleasant tasks. Scorpion. To dream of a scorpion, foretells that false friends will improve opportunities to undermine your prosperity. If you fail to kill it, you will suffer loss from an enemys attack. Scrap-book. To dream of a scrap-book, denotes disagreeable acquaintances will shortly be made. Scratch. To scratch others in your dream, denotes that you will be ill-tempered and fault-finding in your dealings with others. If you are scratched, you will be injured by the enmity of some deceitful person. Scratch Head. To dream that you scratch your head, denotes strangers will annoy you by their flattering attentions, which you will feel are only shown to win favors from you. Screech-owl. To dream that you hear the shrill startling notes of the screech-owl, denotes that you will be shocked with news of the desperate illness, or death of some dear friend. Screw. To dream of seeing screws, denotes that tedious tasks must be performed, and peevishness in companions must be combated. It also denotes that you must be economical and painstaking. Sculptor. To dream of a sculptor, foretells you will change from your present position to one less lucrative, but more distinguished. For a woman to dream that her husband or lover is a sculptor, foretells she will enjoy favors from men of high position. Scum. To dream of scum, signifies disappointment will be experienced by you over social defeats. Scythe. To dream of a scythe, foretells accidents or sickness will prevent you from attending to your affairs, or making journeys. An old or broken scythe, implies separation from friends, or failure in some business enterprise. Sea. To dream of hearing the lonely sighing of the sea, foretells that you will be fated to spend a weary and unfruitful life devoid of love and comradeship. Dreams of the sea, prognosticate unfulfilled anticipations, while pleasures of a material form are enjoyed, there is an inward craving for pleasure that flesh cannot requite. For a young woman to dream that she glides swiftly over the sea with her lover, there will come to her sweet fruition of maidenly hopes, and joy will stand guard at the door of the consummation of changeless vows. See Ocean. Sea Foam. For a woman to dream of sea foam, foretells that indiscriminate and demoralizing pleasures will distract her from the paths of rectitude. If she wears a bridal veil of sea foam, she will engulf herself in material pleasure to the exclusion of true refinement and innate modesty. She will be likely to cause sorrow to some of those dear to her, through their inability to gratify her ambition. Seal. To dream that you see seals, denotes that you are striving for a place above your power to maintain. Dreams of seals usually show that the dreamer has high aspirations and discontent will harass him into struggles to advance his position. Seamstress. To see a seamstress in a dream, portends you will be deterred from making pleasant visits by unexpected luck. Seaport. To dream of visiting a seaport, denotes that you will have opportunities of traveling and acquiring knowledge, but there will be some who will object to your anticipated tours. Seat. To think, in a dream, that some one has taken your seat, denotes you will be tormented by people calling on you for aid. To give a woman your seat, implies your yielding to some fair ones artfulness. Secret Order. To dream of any secret order, denotes a sensitive and excited organism, and the owner should cultivate practical and unselfish ideas and they may soon have opportunities for honest pleasures, and desired literary distinctions. There is a vision of selfish and designing friendships for one who joins a secret order. Young women should heed the counsel of their guardians, lest they fall into discreditable habits after this dream. If a young woman meets the head of the order, she should oppose with energy and moral rectitude against allurements that are set brilliantly and prominently before those of her sex. For her to think her mother has joined the order, and she is using her best efforts to have her mother repudiate her vows, denotes that she will be full of love for her parents, yet will wring their hearts with anguish by thoughtless disobedience. To see or hear that the leader is dead, foretells severe strains, and trials will eventually end in comparative good. Seducer. For a young woman to dream of being seduced, foretells that she will be easily influenced by showy persons. For a man to dream that he has seduced a girl, is a warning for him to be on his guard, as there are those who will falsely accuse him. If his sweetheart appears shocked or angry under these proposals, he will find that the woman he loves is above reproach. If she consents, he is being used for her pecuniary pleasures. Seed. To dream of seed, foretells increasing prosperity, though present indications appear unfavorable. Sentry. To dream of a sentry, denotes that you will have kind protectors, and your life will be smoothly conducted. Serenade. To hear a serenade in your dream, you will have pleasant news from absent friends, and your anticipations will not fail you. If you are one of the serenaders, there are many delightful things in your future. Serpents. To dream of serpents, is indicative of cultivated morbidity and depressed surroundings. There is usually a disappointment after this dream. See Snakes and Reptiles. Servant. To dream of a servant, is a sign that you will be fortunate, despite gloomy appearances. Anger is likely to precipitate you into useless worries and quarrels. To discharge one, foretells regrets and losses. To quarrel with one in your dream, indicates that you will, upon waking, have real cause for censuring some one who is derelict in duty. To be robbed by one, shows that you have some one near you, who does not respect the laws of ownership. Sewing. To dream of sewing on new garments, foretells that domestic peace will crown your wishes. Shakers. To dream of seeing members of the sect called Shakers in a dream, denotes that you will change in your business, and feel coldness growing towards your sweetheart. If you imagine you belong to them, you will unexpectedly renounce all former ties, and seek new pleasures in distant localities. Shaking Hands. For a young woman to dream that she shakes hands with some prominent ruler, foretells she will be surrounded with pleasures and distinction from strangers. If she avails herself of the opportunity, she will stand in high favor with friends. If she finds she must reach up to shake hands, she will find rivalry and opposition. If she has on gloves, she will overcome these obstacles. To shake hands with those beneath you, denotes you will be loved and honored for your kindness and benevolence. If you think you or they have soiled hands, you will find enemies among seeming friends. For a young woman to dream of shaking hands with a decrepit old man, foretells she will find trouble where amusement was sought. Shakspeare. To dream of Shakspeare, denotes that unhappiness and dispondency will work much anxiety to momentous affairs, and love will be stripped of passions fever. To read Shakspeares works, denotes that you will unalterably attach yourself to literary accomplishments. Shampoo. To dream of seeing shampooing going on, denotes that you will engage in undignified affairs to please others To have your own head shampooed, you will soon make a secret trip, in which you will have much enjoyment, if you succeed in keeping the real purport from your family or friends. Shanty. To dream of a shanty, denotes that you will leave home in the quest of health. This also warns you of decreasing prosperity. Shark. To dream of sharks, denotes formidable enemies. To see a shark pursuing and attacking you, denotes that unavoidable reverses will sink you into dispondent foreboding. To see them sporting in clear water, foretells that while you are basking in the sunshine of women and prosperity, jealousy is secretly, but surely, working you disquiet, and unhappy fortune. To see a dead one, denotes reconciliation and renewed prosperity. Shave. To merely contemplate getting a shave, in your dream, denotes you will plan for the successful development of enterprises, but will fail to generate energy sufficient to succeed. Shaving. To dream that you are being shaved, portends that you will let imposters defraud you. To shave yourself, foretells that you will govern your own business and dictate to your household, notwithstanding that the presence of a shrew may cause you quarrels. If your face appears smooth, you will enjoy quiet, and your conduct will hot be questioned by your companions. If old and rough, there will be many squalls or, the matrimonial sea. If your razor is dull and pulls your face, you will give your friends cause to criticize your private life. If your beard seems gray, you will be absolutely devoid of any sense of justice to those having claims upon you. For a woman to see men shaving, foretells that her nature will become sullied by indulgence in gross pleasures. If she dreams of being shaved, she will assume so much masculinity that men will turn from her in disgust. Shawl. To dream of a shawl, denotes that some one will offer you flattery and favor. To lose your shawl, foretells sorrow and discomfort. A young woman is in danger of being jilted by a good-looking man, after this dream. Shears. To see shears in your dream, denotes that you will become miserly and disagreeable in your dealings. To see them broken, you will lose friends and standing by your eccentric demeanor. Sheaves. To dream of sheaves, denotes joyful occasions. Prosperity holds before you a panorama of delightful events, and fields of enterprise and fortunate gain. Sheep. To dream of shearing them, denotes a season of profitable enterprises will shower down upon you. To see flocks of sheep, there will be much rejoicing among farmers, and other trades will prosper. To see them looking scraggy and sick, you will be thrown into despair by the miscarriage of some plan, which promised rich returns. To eat the flesh of sheep, denotes that ill-natured persons will outrage your feelings. See Lamb and Ram. Sheet Iron. To see sheet iron in your dream, denotes you are unfortunately listening to the admonition of others. To walk on it, signifies distasteful engagements. Shells. To walk among and gather shells in your dream, denotes extravagance. Pleasure will leave you naught but exasperating regrets and memories. See Mussels and Oysters. Shelter. To dream that you are building a shelter, signifies that you will escape the evil designs of enemies. If you are seeking shelter, you will be guilty of cheating, and will try to justify yourself. Shelves. To see empty shelves in dreams, indicates losses and consequent gloom. Full shelves, augurs happy contentment through the fulfillment of hope and exertions. See Store. Shepherd. To see shepherds in your dreams watching their flocks, portends bounteous crops and pleasant relations for the farmer, also much enjoyment and profit for others. To see them in idleness, foretells sickness and bereavement. Sheriff. To dream of seeing a sheriff, denotes that you will suffer great uneasiness over the uncertain changes which loom up before you. To imagine that you are elected sheriff or feel interested in the office, denotes that you will participate in some affair which will afford you neither profit nor honor. To escape arrest, you will be able to further engage in illicit affairs. See Bailiff and Police. Ship. To dream of ships, foretells honor and unexpected elevation to ranks above your mode of life. To hear of a shipwreck is ominous of a disastrous turn in affairs. Your female friends will betray you. To lose your life in one, denotes that you will have an exceeding close call on your life or honor. To see a ship on her way through a tempestuous storm, foretells that you will be unfortunate in business transactions, and you will be perplexed to find means of hiding some intrigue from the public, as your partner in the affair will threaten you with betrayal. To see others shipwrecked, you will seek in vain to shelter some friend from disgrace and insolvency. Shirt. To dream of putting on your shirt, is a sign that you will estrange yourself from your sweetheart by your faithless conduct. To lose your shirt, augurs disgrace in business or love. A torn shirt, represents misfortune and miserable surroundings. A soiled shirt, denotes that contagious diseases will confront you. Shirt-studs. To dream of shirt-studs, foretells you will struggle to humor your pride, and will usually be successful. If they are diamonds, and the center one is larger than the others, you will enjoy wealth, or have an easy time, surrounded by congenial friends. Shoemaker. To see a shoemaker in your dream, warns you that indications are unfavorable to your advancement. For a woman to dream that her husband or lover is a shoemaker, foretells competency will be hers; her wishes will be gratified. Shoes. To dream of seeing your shoes ragged and soiled, denotes that you will make enemies by your unfeeling criticisms. To have them blacked in your dreams, foretells improvement in your affairs, and some important event will cause you satisfaction. New shoes, augur changes which will prove beneficial. If they pinch your feet, you will be uncomfortably exposed to the practical joking of the fun-loving companions of your sex. To find them untied, denotes losses, quarrels and ill-health. To lose them, is a sign of desertion and divorces. To dream that your shoes have been stolen during the night, but you have two pairs of hose, denotes you will have a loss, but will gain in some other pursuit. For a young woman to dream that her shoes are admired while on her feet, warns her to be cautious in allowing newly introduced people, and men of any kind, to approach her in a familiar way. Shooting. To dream that you see or hear shooting, signifies unhappiness between married couples and sweethearts because of over-weaning selfishness, also unsatisfactory business and tasks because of negligence. See Pistol. Shop. To dream of a shop, denotes that you will be opposed in every attempt you make for advancement by scheming and jealous friends. See Store. Shot. To dream that you are shot, and are feeling the sensations of dying, denotes that you are to meet unexpected abuse from the ill feelings of friends, but if you escape death by waking, you will be fully reconciled with them later on. To dream that a preacher shoots you, signifies that you will be annoyed by some friend advancing views condemnatory to those entertained by yourself. Shotgun. To dream of a shotgun, foretells domestic troubles and worry with children and servants. To shoot both barrels of a double-barreled shotgun, foretells that you will meet such exasperating and unfeeling attention in your private and public life that suave manners giving way under the strain and your righteous wrath will be justifiable. See Pistol, Revolver, etc. Shoulder. To dream of seeing naked shoulders, foretells that happy changes will make you look upon the world in a different light than formerly. To see your own shoulders appearing thin, denotes that you will depend upon the caprices of others for entertainment and pleasure. Shovel. To see a shovel in a dream, signifies laborious but withal pleasant work will be undertaken. A broken or old one, implies frustration of hopes. Shower. To dream that you are in a shower, foretells that you will derive exquisite pleasure in the study of creation and the proper placing of selfish pleasures. See Rain. Shrew. To dream of a shrew, foretells that you will have a task to keep some friend in a cheerful frame of mind, and that you will unfit yourself for the experiences of everyday existence. Shroud. To dream of a shroud, denotes sickness and its attendant distress and anxiety, coupled with the machinations of the evil-minded and false friends. Business will threaten decline after this dream. To see shrouded corpses, denotes a multitude of misfortunes. To see a shroud removed from a corpse, denotes that quarrels will result in alienation. Sickness. To dream of sickness, is a sign of trouble and real sickness in your family. Discord is sure to find entrance also. To dream of your own sickness, is a warning to be unusually cautious of your person. To see any of your family pale and sick, foretells that some event will break unexpectedly upon your harmonious hearthstone. Sickness is usually attendant upon this dream. Side. To dream of seeing only the side of any object, denotes that some person is going to treat your honest proposals with indifference. To dream that your side pains you, there will be vexations in your affairs that will gall your endurance. To dream that you have a fleshy, healthy side, you will be successful in courtship and business. Siege. For a young woman to dream that she is in a siege, and sees cavalry around her, denotes that she will have serious drawbacks to enjoyments, but will surmount them finally, and receive much pleasure and profit from seeming disappointments. Sieve. To dream of a sieve, foretells some annoying transaction will soon be made by you, which will probably be to your loss. If the meshes are too small, you will have the chance to reverse a decision unfavorable to yourself. If too large, you will eventually lose what you have recently acquired. Sigh. To dream that you are sighing over any trouble or sad event, denotes that you will have unexpected sadness, but some redeeming brightness in your season of trouble. To hear the sighing of others, foretells that the misconduct of dear friends will oppress you with a weight of gloom. Silk. To dream of wearing silk clothes, is a sign of high ambitions being gratified, and friendly relations will be established between those who were estranged. For a young woman to dream of old silk, denotes that she will have much pride in her ancestors, and will be wooed by a wealthy, but elderly person. If the silk is soiled or torn, she will drag her ancestral pride in the slums of disgrace. Silkworm. If you dream of a silkworm, you will engage in a very profitable work, which will also place you in a prominent position. To see them dead, or cutting through their cocoons, is a sign of reverses and trying times. Silver. To dream of silver, is a warning against depending too largely on money for real happiness and contentment. To find silver money, is indicative of shortcomings in others. Hasty conclusions are too frequently drawn by yourself for your own peace of mind. To dream of silverware, denotes worries and unsatisfied desires. Single. For married persons to dream that they are single, foretells that their union will not be harmonious, and constant despondency will confront them. Singing. To hear singing in your dreams, betokens a cheerful spirit and happy companions. You are soon to have promising news from the absent. If you are singing while everything around you gives promise of happiness, jealousy will insinuate a sense of insincerity into your joyousness. If there are notes of sadness in the song, you will be unpleasantly surprised at the turn your affairs will take. Ribald songs, signifies gruesome and extravagant waste. Skate. To dream that you are skating on ice, foretells that you are in danger of losing employment, or valuable articles. If you break through the ice, you will have unworthy friends to counsel you. To see others skating, foretells that disagreeable people will connect your name in scandal with some person who admires you. To see skates, denotes discord among your associates. To see young people skating on roller skates, foretells that you will enjoy good health, and feel enthusiastic over the pleasures you are able to contribute to others. Skeleton. To dream of seeing a skeleton, is prognostic of illness, misunderstanding and injury at the hands of others, especially enemies. To dream that you are a skeleton, is a sign that you are suffering under useless worry, and should cultivate a milder disposition. If you imagine that one haunts you, there will soon come to you a shocking accident or death, or the trouble may take the form of financial disaster. Skull. To dream of skulls grinning at you, is a sign of domestic quarrels and jars. Business will feel a shrinkage if you handle them. To see a friends skull, denotes that you will receive injury from a friend because of your being preferred to him. To see your own skull, denotes that you will be the servant of remorse. Sky. To dream of the sky, signifies distinguished honors and interesting travel with cultured companions, if the sky is clear. Otherwise, it portends blasted expectations, and trouble with women. To dream of floating in the sky among weird faces and animals, and wondering all the while if you are really awake, or only dreaming, foretells that all trouble, the most excruciating pain, that reach even the dullest sense will be distilled into one drop called jealousy, and will be inserted into your faithful love, and loyalty will suffer dethronement. To see the sky turn red, indicates that public disquiet and rioting may be expected. See Heaven and Illumination. Slander. To dream that you are slandered, is a sign of your untruthful dealings with ignorance. If you slander any one, you will feel the loss of friends through selfishness. Slaughter-house. To dream of a slaughter-house, denotes that you will be feared more than loved by your sweetheart or mistress. Your business will divulge a private drain, and there will be unkind insinuations. See Butcher. Sleep. To dream of sleeping on clean, fresh beds, denotes peace and favor from those whom you love. To sleep in unnatural resting places, foretells sickness and broken engagements. To sleep beside a little child, betokens domestic joys and reciprocated love. To see others sleeping, you will overcome all opposition in your pursuit for womans favor. To dream of sleeping with a repulsive person or object, warns you that your love will wane before that of your sweetheart, and you will suffer for your escapades. For a young woman to dream of sleeping with her lover or some fascinating object, warns her against yielding herself a willing victim to his charms. Sleigh. To see a sleigh in your dreams, foretells you will fail in some love adventure, and incur the displeasure of a friend. To ride in one, foretells injudicious engagements will be entered into by you. Sliding. To dream of sliding, portends disappointments in affairs, and sweethearts will break vows. To slide down a hillside covered with green grass, foretells that you will be deceived into ruin by flattering promises. Slighted. To dream of slighting any person or friend, denotes that you will fail to find happiness, as you will cultivate a morose and repellent bearing. If you are slighted, you will have cause to bemoan your unfortunate position. Slippers. To dream of slippers, warns you that you are about to perform an unfortunate alliance or intrigue. You are likely to find favor with a married person which will result in trouble, if not scandal. To dream that your slippers are much admired, foretells that you will be involved in a flirtation, which will suggest disgrace. Smallpox. To see people with smallpox in your dream, denotes unexpected and shocking sickness, and probably contagion. You will meet failure in accomplishing your designs. Smoke. To dream of smoke, foretells that you will be perplexed with doubts and fears. To be overcome with smoke, denotes that dangerous persons are victimizing you with flattery. Snakes. For a woman to dream that a dead snake is biting her, foretells she will suffer from malice of a pretended friend. To dream of snakes, is a foreboding of evil in its various forms and stages. To see them wriggling and falling over others, foretells struggles with fortune and remorse. To kill them, you will feel that you have used every opportunity of advancing your own interests, or respecting that of others. You will enjoy victory over enemies. To walk over them, you will live in constant fear of sickness, and selfish persons will seek to usurp your place in your companions life. If they bite you, you will succumb to evil influences, and enemies will injure your business. To dream that a common spotted snake approaches you from green herbs, and you quickly step aside as it passes you, and after you had forgotten the incident to again see it approaching and growing in dimensions as it nears you, finally taking on the form of an enormous serpent; if you then, after frantic efforts, succeed in escaping its attack, and altogether lose sight of it, it foretells that you will soon imagine you are being disobeyed and slighted, and things will go on from bad to worse. Sickness, uneasiness and unkindness will increase to frightful proportions in your mind; but they will adjust themselves to a normal basis, and by the putting aside of imaginary trouble, and masterfully shouldering duties, you will be contented and repaid. To dream that a snake coils itself around you and darts its tongue out at you, is a sign that you will be placed in a position where you will be powerless in the hands of enemies, and you will be attacked with sickness. To handle them, you will use strategy to aid in overthrowing opposition. To see hairs turn into snakes, foretells that seeming insignificant incidents will make distressing cares for you. If snakes turn into unnatural shapes, you will have troubles which will be dispelled if treated with indifference, calmness and will power. To see or step on snakes while wading or bathing, denotes that there will be trouble where unalloyed pleasure was anticipated. To see them bite others, foretells that some friend will be injured and criticised by you. To see little snakes, denotes you will entertain persons with friendly hospitality who will secretly defame you and work to overthrow your growing prospects. To see children playing with them, is a sign that you will be nonplussed to distinguish your friends from your enemies. For a woman to think a child places one on the back of her head, and she hears the snakes hisses, foretells that she will be persuaded to yield up some possession seemingly for her good, but she will find out later that she has been inveigled into an intrigue in which enemies will tantalize her. To see snakes raising up their heads in a path just behind your friend, denotes that you will discover a conspiracy which has been formed to injure your friend and also yourself. To think your friend has them under control, denotes that some powerful agency will be employed in your favor to ward off evil influences. For a woman to hypnotize a snake, denotes your rights will be assailed, but you will be protected by law and influential friends. See Serpents and Reptiles. Snail. Snails crawling in your dream, signifies that unhealthful conditions surround you. To step on them, denotes that you will come in contact with disagreeable people. Sneeze. To dream that you sneeze, denotes that hasty tidings will cause you to change your plans. To see or hear others sneeze, some people will bore you with visits. Snouts. To dream of snouts, foretells dangerous seasons for you. Enemies are surrounding you, and difficulties will be numerous. Snow. To see snow in your dreams, denotes that while you have no real misfortune, there will be the appearance of illness, and unsatisfactory enterprises. To find yourself in a snow storm, denotes sorrow and disappointment in failure to enjoy some long-expected pleasure. There always follows more or less discouragement after this dream. If you eat snow, you will fail to realize ideals. To see dirty snow, foretells that your pride will be humbled, and you will seek reconciliation with some person whom you held in haughty contempt. To see it melt, your fears will turn into joy. To see large, white snowflakes falling while looking through a window, foretells that you will have an angry interview with your sweetheart, and the estrangement will be aggravated by financial depression. To see snow-capped mountains in the distance, warns you that your longings and ambitions will bring no worthy advancement. To see the sun shining through landscapes of snow, foretells that you will conquer adverse fortune and possess yourself of power. For a young woman to dream of sleighing, she will find much opposition to her choice of a lover, and her conduct will cause her much ill-favor. To dream of snowballing, denotes that you will have to struggle with dishonorable issues, and if your judgment is not well grounded, you will suffer defeat. If snowbound or lost, there will be constant waves of ill luck breaking in upon you. Snuff. To dream of snuff, signifies your enemies are seducing the confidence of your friends. For a woman to use it in her dreams, foretells complications which will involve her separation from a favored friend. Soap. To dream of soap, foretells that friendships will reveal interesting entertainment. Farmers will have success in their varied affairs. For a young woman to be making soap, omens a substantial and satisfactory competency will be hers. Socialist. To see a socialist in your dreams, your unenvied position among friends and acquaintances is predicted. Your affairs will be neglected for other imaginary duties. Soda Fountain. To dream of being at a soda fountain, denotes pleasure and profit after many exasperating experiences. To treat others to this and other delectable iced drinks; you will be rewarded in your efforts, though the outlook appears full of contradictions. Inharmonious environments, and desired results will be forthcoming. Son. To dream of your son, if you have one, as being handsome and dutiful, foretells that he will afford you proud satisfaction, and will aspire to high honors. If he is maimed, or suffering from illness or accident, there is trouble ahead for you. For a mother to dream that her son has fallen to the bottom of a well, and she hears cries, it is a sign of deep grief, losses and sickness. If she rescues him, threatened danger will pass away unexpectedly. Soot. If you see soot in your dreams, it means that you will meet with ill success in your affairs. Lovers will be quarrelsome and hard to please. Sold. To dream that you have sold anything, denotes that unfavorable business will worry you. Soldiers. To see soldiers marching in your dreams, foretells for you a period of flagrant excesses, but at the same time you will be promoted to elevations above rivals. To see wounded soldiers, is a sign of the misfortune of others causing you serious complications in your affairs. Your sympathy will outstrip your judgment. To dream that you are a worthy soldier, you will have literal fulfilment of ideals. Women are in danger of disrepute if they find themselves dreaming of soldiers. Somnambulist. To imagine while dreaming that you are a somnambulist, portends that you will unwittingly consent to some agreement of plans which will bring you anxiety or ill fortune. Sorcerer. To dream of a sorcerer, foretells your ambitions will undergo strange disappointments and change. Sores. To dream of seeing sores, denotes that illness will cause you loss and mental distress. To dress a sore, foretells that your personal wishes and desires will give place to the pleasure of others. To dream of an infant having a deep sore so that you can see the bone, denotes that distressing and annoying incidents will detract from your plans, and children will be threatened with contagion. To dream of sores on yourself, portends early decay of health and impaired mentality. Sickness and unsatisfactory business will follow this dream. Soul. To dream of seeing your soul leaving your body, signifies you are in danger of sacrificing yourself to useless designs, which will dwarf your sense of honor and cause you to become mercenary and uncharitable. For an artist to see his soul in another, foretells he will gain distinction if he applies himself to his work and leaves off sentimental ro^les. To imagine anothers soul is in you, denotes you will derive solace and benefit from some stranger who is yet to come into your life. For a young woman musician to dream that she sees another young woman on the stage clothed in sheer robes, and imagining it is her own soul in the other person, denotes she will be outrivaled in some great undertaking. To dream that you are discussing the immortality of your soul, denotes you will improve opportunities which will aid you in gaining desired knowledge and pleasure of intercourse with intellectual people. Soup. To dream of soup, is a forerunner of good tidings and comfort. To see others taking soup, foretells that you will have many good chances to marry. For a young woman to make soup, signifies that she will not be compelled to do menial work in her household, as she will marry a wealthy man. To drink oyster soup made of sweet milk, there will be quarrels with some bad luck, but reconciliations will follow. Sovereign. To dream of a sovereign, denotes increasing prosperity and new friends. Sowing. To dream that you are sowing seed, foretells to the farmer fruitful promises, if he sows in new ploughed soil. To see others sowing, much business activity is portended, which will bring gain to all. Spade. To dream of a kind of shovel called spade, denotes that you will have work to complete, which will give you much annoyance in superintending. If you dream of cards named spades, you will be enticed into follies which will bring you grief and misfortune. For a gambler to dream that spades are trumps, means that unfortunate deals will deplete his winnings. Sparrow. To dream of sparrows, denotes that you will be surrounded with love and comfort, and this will cause you to listen with kindly interest to tales of woe, and your benevolence will gain you popularity. To see them distressed or wounded, foretells sadness. Spectacles. To dream of spectacles, foretells that strangers will cause changes in your affairs. Frauds will be practised on your credulity. To dream that you see broken spectacles, denotes estrangement caused by fondness for illegal pleasures. Spice. To dream of spice, foretells you will probably damage your own reputation in search of pleasure. For a young woman to dream of eating spice, is an omen of deceitful appearances winning her confidence. Spider. To dream of a spider, denotes that you will be careful and energetic in your labors, and fortune will be amassed to pleasing proportions. To see one building its web, foretells that you will be happy and secure in your own home. To kill one, signifies quarrels with your wife or sweetheart. If one bites you, you will be the victim of unfaithfulness and will suffer from enemies in your business. If you dream that you see many spiders hanging in their webs around you, foretells most favorable conditions, fortune, good health and friends. To dream of a large spider confronting you, signifies that your elevation to fortune will be swift, unless you are in dangerous contact. To dream that you see a very large spider and a small one coming towards you, denotes that you will be prosperous, and that you will feel for a time that you are immensely successful; but if the large one bites you, enemies will steal away your good fortune. If the little one bites you, you will be harassed with little spites and jealousies. To imagine that you are running from a large spider, denotes you will lose fortune in slighting opportunities. If you kill the spider you will eventually come into fair estate. If it afterwards returns to life and pursues you, you will be oppressed by sickness and wavering fortunes. For a young woman to dream she sees gold spiders crawling around her, foretells that her fortune and prospect for happiness will improve, and new friends will surround her. Spider-web. To see spider-webs, denotes pleasant associations and fortunate ventures. Spinning. To dream that you are spinning, means that you will engage in some enterprise, which will be all you could wish. Spirit or Specter. To see spirits in a dream, denotes that some unexpected trouble will confront you. If they are white-robed, the health of your nearest friend is threatened, or some business speculation will be disapproving. If they are robed in black, you will meet with treachery and unfaithfulness. If a spirit speaks, there is some evil near you, which you might avert if you would listen to the counsels of judgment. To dream that you hear spirits knocking on doors or walls, denotes that trouble will arise unexpectedly. To see them moving draperies, or moving behind them, is a warning to hold control over your feelings, as you are likely to commit indiscretions. Quarrels are also threatened. To see the spirit of your friend floating in your room, foretells disappointment and insecurity. To hear music supposedly coming from spirits, denotes unfavorable changes and sadness in the household. Spitting. To dream of spitting, denotes unhappy terminations of seemingly auspicious undertakings. For some one to spit on you, foretells disagreements and alienation of affections. Spleen. To dream of spleen, denotes that you will have a misunderstanding with some party who will injure you. Splendor. To dream that you live in splendor, denotes that you will succeed to elevations, and will reside in a different state to the one you now occupy. To see others thus living, signifies pleasure derived from the interest that friends take in your welfare. Splinter. To dream of splinters sticking into your flesh, denotes that you will have many vexations from members of your family or from jealous rivals. If while you are visiting you stick a splinter in your foot, you will soon make, or receive, a visit which will prove extremely unpleasant. Your affairs will go slightly wrong through your continued neglect. Sponges. Sponges seen in a dream, denote that deception is being practised upon you. To use one in erasing, you will be the victim of folly. Spools. To dream of spools of thread, indicates some long and arduous tasks, but which when completed will meet your most sanguine expectations. If they are empty, there will be disappointments for you. Spoons. To see, or use, spoons in a dream, denotes favorable signs of advancement. Domestic affairs will afford contentment. To think a spoon is lost, denotes that you will be suspicious of wrong doing. To steal one, is a sign that you will deserve censure for your contemptible meanness in your home. To dream of broken or soiled spoons, signifies loss and trouble. Spring. To dream that spring is advancing, is a sign of fortunate undertakings and cheerful companions. To see spring appearing unnaturally, is a foreboding of disquiet and losses. Spur. To dream of wearing spurs, denotes that you will engage in some unpleasant controversy. To see others with them on, foretells that enmity is working you trouble. Spy. To dream that spies are harassing you, denotes dangerous quarrels and uneasiness. To dream that you are a spy, denotes that you will make unfortunate ventures. Spy-glass. To dream that you are looking through a spy-glass, denotes that changes will soon occur to your disadvantage. To see a broken or imperfect one, foretells unhappy dissensions and loss of friends. Squall. To dream of squalls, foretells disappointing business and unhappiness. Squinting. To dream that you see some person with squinting eyes, denotes that you will be annoyed with unpleasant people. For a man to dream that his sweetheart, or some good-looking girl, squints her eyes at him, foretells that he is threatened with loss by seeking the favors of women. For a young woman to have this dream about men, she will be in danger of losing her fair reputation. Squirrel. To dream of seeing squirrels, denotes that pleasant friends will soon visit you. You will see advancement in your business also. To kill a squirrel, denotes that you will be unfriendly and disliked. To pet one, signifies family joy. To see a dog chasing one, foretells disagreements and unpleasantness among friends. Stable. To dream of a stable, is a sign of fortune and advantageous surroundings. To see a stable burning denotes successful changes, or it may be seen in actual life. Stag. To see stags in your dream, foretells that you will have honest and true friends, and will enjoy delightful entertainments. Stage Driver. To dream of a stage driver, signifies you will go on a strange journey in quest of fortune and happiness. Stain. To see stain on your hands, or clothing, while dreaming, foretells that trouble over small matters will assail you. To see a stain on the garments of others, or on their flesh, foretells that some person will betray you. Stairs. To dream of passing up a stairs, foretells good fortune and much happiness. If you fall down stairs, you will be the object of hatred and envy. To walk down, you will be unlucky in your affairs, and your lovemaking will be unfavorable. To see broad, handsome stairs, foretells approaching riches and honors. To see others going down stairs, denotes that unpleasant conditions will take the place of pleasure. To sit on stair steps, denotes a gradual rise in fortune and delight. Stall. To dream of a stall, denotes impossible results from some enterprise will be expected by you. Stallion. To dream of a stallion, foretells prosperous conditions are approaching you, in which you will hold a position which will confer honor upon you. To dream you ride a fine stallion, denotes you will rise to position and affluence in a phenomenal way; however, your success will warp your morality and sense of justice. To see one with the rabies, foretells that wealthy surroundings will cause you to assume arrogance, which will be distasteful to your friends, and your pleasures will be deceitful. Stammer. To dream that you stammer in your conversation, denotes that worry and illness will threaten your enjoyment. To hear others stammer, foretells that unfriendly persons will delight in annoying you and giving you needless worry. Standard-bearer. To dream that you are a standard-bearer, denotes that your occupation will be pleasant, but varied. To see others acting as standard-bearers, foretells that you will be jealous and envious of some friend. Stars. To dream of looking upon clear, shining stars, foretells good health and prosperity. If they are dull or red, there is trouble and misfortune ahead. To see a shooting or falling star, denotes sadness and grief. To see stars appearing and vanishing mysteriously, there will be some strange changes and happenings in your near future. If you dream that a star falls on you, there will be a bereavement in your family. To see them rolling around on the earth, is a sign of formidable danger and trying times. Starving. To dream of being in a starving condition, portends unfruitful labors and a dearth of friends. To see others in this condition, omens misery and dissatisfaction with present companions and employment. Statues. To see statues in dreams, signifies estrangement from a loved one. Lack of energy will cause you disappointment in realizing wishes. Stealing. To dream of stealing, or of seeing others commit this act, foretells bad luck and loss of character. To be accused of stealing, denotes that you will be misunderstood in some affair, and suffer therefrom, but you will eventually find that this will bring you favor. To accuse others, denotes that you will treat some person with hasty inconsideration. Steeple. To see a steeple rising from a church, is a harbinger of sickness and reverses. A broken one, points to death in your circle, or friends. To climb a steeple, foretells that you will have serious difficulties, but will surmount them. To fall from one, denotes losses in trade and ill health. Steps. To dream that you ascend steps, denotes that fair prospects will relieve former anxiety. To decend them, you may look for misfortune. To fall down them, you are threatened with unexpected failure in your affairs. See Stairs. Step-sister. To dream of a step-sister, denotes you will have unavoidable care and annoyance upon you. Stethoscope. To dream of a stethoscope, foretells calamity to your hopes and enterprises. There will be troubles and recriminations in love. Sticks. To dream of sticks, is an unlucky omen. Stillborn. To dream of a stillborn infant, denotes that some distressing incident will come before your notice. Stilts. To dream of walking on stilts, denotes that your fortune is in an insecure condition. To fall from them, or feel them break beneath you, you will be precipitated into embarrassments by trusting your affairs to the care of others. Sting. To feel that any insect stings you in a dream, is a foreboding of evil and unhappiness. For a young woman to dream that she is stung, is ominous of sorrow and remorse from over-confidence in men. Stockings. To dream of stockings, denotes that you will derive pleasure from dissolute companionship. For a young woman to see her stockings ragged, or worn, foretells that she will be guilty of unwise, if not immoral conduct. To dream that she puts on fancy stockings, she will be fond of the attention of men, and she should be careful to whom she shows preference. If white ones appear to be on her feet, she is threatened with woeful disappointment or illness. See Knitting. Stone. To see stones in your dreams, foretells numberless perplexities and failures. To walk among rocks, or stones, omens that an uneven and rough pathway will be yours for at least a while. To make deals in ore-bearing rock lands, you will be successful in business after many lines have been tried. If you fail to profit by the deal, you will have disappointments. If anxiety is greatly felt in closing the trade, you will succeed in buying or selling something that will prove profitable to you. Small stones or pebbles, implies that little worries and vexations will irritate you. If you throw a stone, you will have cause to admonish a person. If you design to throw a pebble or stone at some belligerent person, it denotes that some evil feared by you will pass because of your untiring attention to right principles. See Rock. Stone Mason. To see stone masons at work while dreaming, foretells disappointment. To dream that you are a stone mason, portends that your labors will be unfruitful, and your companions will be dull and uncongenial. Storage Battery. To dream of a storage battery, opportune speculations will return you handsome gains. Store. To dream of a store filled with merchandise, foretells prosperity and advancement. An empty one, denotes failure of efforts and quarrels. To dream that your store is burning, is a sign of renewed activity in business and pleasure. If you find yourself in a department store, it foretells that much pleasure will be derived from various sources of profit. To sell goods in one, your advancement will be accelerated by your energy and the efforts of friends. To dream that you sell a pair of soiled, gray cotton gloves to a woman, foretells that your opinion of women will place you in hazardous positions. If a woman has this dream, her preference for some one of the male sex will not be appreciated very much by him. Storm. To see and hear a storm approaching, foretells continued sickness, unfavorable business, and separation from friends, which will cause added distress. If the storm passes, your affliction will not be so heavy. See Hurricane and Rain. Straw. If you dream of straw, your life is threatened with emptiness and failure. To see straw piles burning, is a signal of prosperous times. To feed straw to stock, foretells that you will make poor provisions for those depending upon you. Strawberries. To dream of strawberries, is favorable to advancement and pleasure. You will obtain some long wished-for object. To eat them, denotes requited love. To deal in them, denotes abundant harvest and happiness. Street. To dream that you are walking in a street, foretells ill luck and worries. You will almost despair of reaching the goal you have set up in your aspirations. To be in a familiar street in a distant city, and it appears dark, you will make a journey soon, which will not afford the profit or pleasure contemplated. If the street is brilliantly lighted, you will engage in pleasure, which will quickly pass, leaving no comfort. To pass down a street and feel alarmed lest a thug attack you, denotes that you are venturing upon dangerous ground in advancing your pleasure or business. Street-poster. To dream that you are a street-poster, denotes that you will undertake some unpleasant and unprofitable work. To see street-posters at work, foretells disagreeable news. Struggling. To dream of struggling, foretells that you will encounter serious difficulties, but if you gain the victory in your struggle, you will also surmount present obstacles. Stumble. If you stumble in a dream while walking or running, you will meet with disfavor, and obstructions will bar your path to success, but you will eventually surmount them, if you do not fall. Stumps. To dream of a stump, foretells you are to have reverses and will depart from your usual mode of living. To see fields of stumps, signifies you will be unable to defend yourself from the encroachments of adversity. To dig or pull them up, is a sign that you will extricate yourself from the environment of poverty by throwing off sentiment and pride and meeting the realities of life with a determination to overcome whatever opposition you may meet. Suckle. To see the young taking suckle, denotes contentment and favorable conditions for success is unfolding to you. See Nursing. Suffocating. To dream that you are suffocating, denotes that you will experience deep sorrow and mortification at the conduct of some one you love. You should be careful of your health after this dream. See Smoke. Sugar. To dream of sugar, denotes that you will be hard to please in your domestic life, and will entertain jealousy while seeing no cause for aught but satisfaction and secure joys. There may be worries, and your strength and temper taxed after this dream. To eat sugar in your dreams, you will have unpleasant matters to contend with for a while, but they will result better than expected. To price sugar, denotes that you are menaced by enemies. To deal in sugar and see large quantities of it being delivered to you, you will barely escape a serious loss. To see a cask of sugar burst and the sugar spilling out, foretells a slight loss. To hear a negro singing while unloading sugar, some seemingly insignificant affair will bring you great benefit, either in business or social states. Sugar-tongs. To dream of sugar-tongs, foretells that disagreeable tidings of wrong-doings will be received by you. Suicide. To commit suicide in a dream, foretells that misfortune will hang heavily over you. To see or hear others committing this deed, foretells that the failure of others will affect your interests. For a young woman to dream that her lover commits suicide, her disappointment by the faithlessness of her lover is accentuated. Sulphur. To dream of sulphur, warns you to use much discretion in your dealings, as you are threatened with foul play. To see sulphur burning, is ominous of great care attendant upon your wealth. To eat sulphur, indicates good health and consequent pleasure. Sun. To dream of seeing a clear, shining sunrise, foretells joyous events and prosperity, which give delightful promises. To see the sun at noontide, denotes the maturity of ambitions and signals unbounded satisfaction. To see the sunset, is prognostic of joys and wealth passing their zenith, and warns you to care for your interests with renewed vigilance. A sun shining through clouds, denotes that troubles and difficulties are losing hold on you, and prosperity is nearing you. If the sun appears weird, or in an eclipse, there will be stormy and dangerous times, but these will eventually pass, leaving your business and domestic affairs in better forms than before. Sunshade. To dream of seeing young girls carrying sunshades, foretells prosperity and exquisite delights. A broken one, foretells sickness and death to the young. Surgeon. To dream of a surgeon, denotes you are threatened by enemies who are close to you in business. For a young woman, this dream promises a serious illness from which she will experience great inconvenience. Surgical Instruments. To see surgical instruments in a dream, foretells dissatisfaction will be felt by you at the indiscreet manner a friend manifests toward you. Swallow. To dream of swallows, is a sign of peace and domestic harmony. To see a wounded or dead one, signifies unavoidable sadness. Swamp. To walk through swampy places in dreams, foretells that you will be the object of adverse circumstances. Your inheritance will be uncertain, and you will undergo keen disappointments in your love matters. To go through a swamp where you see clear water and green growths, you will take hold on prosperity and singular pleasures, the obtaining of which will be attended with danger and intriguing. See Marsh. Swan. To dream of seeing white swans floating upon placid waters, foretells prosperous outlooks and delightful experiences. To see a black swan, denotes illicit pleasure, if near clear water. A dead swan, foretells satiety and discontentment To see them flying, pleasant anticipations will be realized soon. Swearing. To dream of swearing, denotes some unpleasant obstructions in business. A lover will have cause to suspect the faithfulness of his affianced after this dream. To dream that you are swearing before your family, denotes that disagreements will soon be brought about by your unloyal conduct. Sweeping. To dream of sweeping, denotes that you will gain favor in the eyes of your husband, and children will find pleasure in the home. If you think the floors need sweeping, and you from some cause neglect them, there will be distresses and bitter disappointments awaiting you in the approaching days. To servants, sweeping is a sign of disagreements and suspicion of the intentions of others. Sweetheart. To dream that your sweetheart is affable and of pleasing physique, foretells that you will woo a woman who will prove a joy to your pride and will bring you a good inheritance. If she appears otherwise, you will be discontented with your choice before the marriage vows are consummated. To dream of her as being sick or in distress, denotes that sadness will be intermixed with joy. If you dream that your sweetheart is a corpse, you will have a long period of doubt and unfavorable fortune. See Lover, Hugging, and Kissing. Sweet Oil. Sweet oil in dreams, implies considerate treatment will be withheld from you in some unfortunate occurrence. Sweet Taste. To dream of any kind of a sweet taste in your mouth, denotes you will be praised for your pleasing conversation and calm demeanor in a time of commotion and distress. To dream that you are trying to get rid of a sweet taste, foretells that you will oppress and deride your friends, and will incur their displeasure. Swelling. To dream that you see yourself swollen, denotes that you will amass fortune, but your egotism will interfere with your enjoyment. To see others swollen, foretells that advancement will meet with envious obstructions. Swimming. To dream of swimming, is an augury of success if you find no discomfort in the act. If you feel yourself going down, much dissatisfaction will present itself to you. For a young woman to dream that she is swimming with a girl friend who is an artist in swimming, foretells that she will be loved for her charming disposition, and her little love affairs will be condoned by her friends. To swim under water, foretells struggles and anxieties. See Diving and Bathing. Swiss Cheese. To dream of Swiss cheese, foretells that you will come into possession of substantial property, and healthful amusements will be enjoyed. Switch. To dream of a switch, foretells changes and misfortune. A broken switch, foretells disgrace and trouble. To dream of a railroad switch, denotes that travel will cause you much loss and inconvenience. To dream of a switch, signifies you will meet discouragements in momentous affairs. Sword. To dream that you wear a sword, indicates that you will fill some public position with honor. To have your sword taken from you, denotes your vanquishment in rivalry. To see others bearing swords, foretells that altercations will be attended with danger. A broken sword, foretells despair. Sybil. To dream of a sybil, foretells that you will enjoy assignations and other demoralizing pleasures. Symphony. To dream of symphonies, heralds delightful occupations. See Music. Synagogue. To dream of a synagogue, foretells that you have enemies powerfully barricading your entrance into fortunes realms. If you climb to the top on the outside, you will overcome oppositions and be successful. If you read the Hebrew inscription on a synagogue, you will meet disaster, but will eventually rebuild your fortunes with renewed splendor. See Church. Syringe. To dream of a syringe, denotes that false alarm of the gravity of a relatives condition will reach you. To see a broken one, foretells you are approaching a period of ill health or worry over slight mistakes in business. T. And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he worshiped, and returned into the host of Israel, and said, Arise; for the Lord hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian. Judges VII., 15. Table. To dream of setting a table preparatory to a meal, foretells happy unions and prosperous circumstances. To see empty tables, signifies poverty or disagreements. To clear away the table, denotes that pleasure will soon assume the form of trouble and indifference. To eat from a table without a cloth, foretells that you will be possessed of an independent disposition, and the prosperity or conduct of others will give you no concern. To see a table walking or moving in some mysterious way, foretells that dissatisfaction will soon enter your life, and you will seek relief in change. To dream of a soiled cloth on a table, denotes disobedience from servants or children, and quarreling will invariably follow pleasure. To see a broken table, is ominous of decaying fortune. To see one standing or sitting on a table, foretells that to obtain their desires they will be guilty of indiscretions. To see or hear table-rapping or writing, denotes that you will undergo change of feelings towards your friends, and your fortune will be threatened. A loss from the depreciation of relatives or friends is indicated. Tacks. To dream of tacks, means to you many vacations and quarrels. For a woman to drive one, foretells she will master unpleasant rivalry. If she mashes her finger while driving it, she will be distressed over unpleasant tasks Tadpole. To dream of tadpoles, foretells uncertain speculation will bring cause for uneasiness in business. For a young woman to see them in clear water, foretells she will form a relation with a wealthy but immoral man. Tail. To dream of seeing only the tail of a beast, unusual annoyance is indicated where pleasures seemed assured. To cut off the tail of an animal, denotes that you will suffer misfortune by your own carelessness. To dream that you have the tail of a beast grown on you, denotes that your evil ways will cause you untold distress, and strange events will cause you perplexity. Tailor. To dream of a tailor, denotes that worries will arise on account of some journey to be made. To have a misunderstanding with one, shows that you will be disappointed in the outcome of some scheme. For one to take your measure, denotes that you will have quarrels and disagreements. Talisman. To dream that you wear a talisman, implies you will have pleasant companions and enjoy favors from the rich. For a young woman to dream her lover gives her one, denotes she will obtain her wishes concerning marriage. Talking. To dream of talking, denotes that you will soon hear of the sickness of relatives, and there will be worries in your affairs. To hear others talking loudly, foretells that you will be accused of interfering in the affairs of others. To think they are talking about you, denotes that you are menaced with illness and disfavor. Tallow. To dream of tallow, forebodes that your possessions of love and wealth will quickly vanish. Tambourine. To dream of a tambourine, signifies you will have enjoyment in some unusual event which will soon take place. Tank. To dream of a tank, foretells you will be prosperous and satisfied beyond your expectations. To see a leaking tank, denotes loss in your affairs. Tannery. To dream of a tannery, denotes contagion and other illness. Loss in trade is portended. To dream that you are a tanner, denotes that you will have to engage in work which is not to your taste, but there will be others dependent upon you. To buy leather from a tannery, foretells that you will be successful in your undertakings, but will not make many friends. Tape. To dream of tape, denotes your work will be wearisome and unprofitable. For a woman to buy it, foretells she will find misfortune laying oppression upon her. Tapestry. To dream of seeing rich tapestry, foretells that luxurious living will be to your liking, and if the tapestries are not worn or ragged, you will be able to gratify your inclinations. If a young woman dreams that her rooms are hung with tapestry, she will soon wed some one who is rich and above her in standing. Tapeworm. To dream you see a tapeworm, or have one, denotes disagreeable prospects for health or for pleasure. Tar. If you see tar in dreams, it warns you against pitfalls and designs of treacherous enemies. To have tar on your hands or clothing, denotes sickness and grief. Tarantula. To see a tarantula in your dream, signifies enemies are about to overwhelm you with loss. To kill one, denotes you will be successful after much ill-luck. Target. To dream of a target, foretells you will have some affair demanding your attention from other more pleasant ones. For a young woman to think she is a target, denotes her reputation is in danger through the envy of friendly associates. Tassels. To see tassels in a dream, denotes you will reach the height of your desires and ambition. For a young woman to lose them, denotes she will undergo some unpleasant experience. Tattoo. To see your body appearing tattooed, foretells that some difficulty will cause you to make a long and tedious absence from your home. To see tattooes on others, foretells that strange loves will make you an object of jealousy. To dream you are a tattooist, is a sign that you will estrange yourself from friends because of your fancy for some strange experience. Taxes. To dream that you pay your taxes, foretells you will succeed in destroying evil influences rising around you. If others pay them, you will be forced to ask aid of friends. If you are unable to pay them, you will be unfortunate in experiments you are making. Tea. To dream that you are brewing tea, foretells that you will be guilty of indiscreet actions, and will feel deeply remorseful. To see your friends drinking tea, and you with them, denotes that social pleasures will pall on you, and you will seek to change your feelings by serving others in their sorrows. To see dregs in your tea, warns you of trouble in love, and affairs of a social nature. To spill tea, is a sign of domestic confusion and grief. To find your tea chest empty, unfolds much disagreeable gossip and news. To dream that you are thirsty for tea, denotes that you will be surprised with uninvited guests. Teacups. To dream of teacups, foretells that affairs of enjoyment will be attended by you. For a woman to break or see them broken, omens her pleasure and good fortune will be marred by a sudden trouble. To drink wine from one, foretells fortune and pleasure will be combined in the near future. Teakettle. To dream you see a teakettle, implies sudden news which will be likely to distress you. For a woman to pour sparkling, cold water from a teakettle, she will have unexpected favor shown her. Tears. To dream that you are in tears, denotes that some affliction will soon envelope you. To see others shedding tears, foretells that your sorrows will affect the happiness of others, Teasing. To find yourself teasing any person while dreaming, denotes that you will be loved and sought after because of your cheerful and amiable manners. Your business will be eventually successful. To dream of being teased, denotes that you will win the love of merry and well-to-do persons. For a young woman to dream of being teased, foretells that she will form a hasty attachment, but will not be successful in consummating an early marriage. Teeth. An ordinary dream of teeth augurs an unpleasant contact with sickness, or disquieting people. If you dream that your teeth are loose, there will be failures and gloomy tidings. If the doctor pulls your tooth, you will have desperate illness, if not fatal; it will be lingering. To have them filled, you will recover lost valuables after much uneasiness. To clean or wash your teeth, foretells that some great struggle will be demanded of you in order to preserve your fortune. To dream that you are having a set of teeth made, denotes that severe crosses will fall upon you, and you will strive to throw them aside. If you lose your teeth, you will have burdens which will crush your pride and demolish your affairs. To dream that you have your teeth knocked out, denotes sudden misfortune. Either your business will suffer, or deaths or accidents will come close to you. To examine your teeth, warns you to be careful of your affairs, as enemies are lurking near you. If they appear decayed and snaggled, your business or health will suffer from intense strains. To dream of spitting out teeth, portends personal sickness, or sickness in your immediate family. Imperfect teeth is one of the worst dreams. It is full of mishaps for the dreamer. A loss of estates, failure of persons to carry out their plans and desires, bad health, depressed conditions of the nervous system for even healthy persons. For one tooth to fall out, foretells disagreeable news; if two, it denotes unhappy states that the dreamer will be plunged into from no carelessness on his part. If three fall out, sickness and accidents of a very serious nature will follow. Seeing all the teeth drop out, death and famine usually will prevail. If the teeth are decayed and you pull them out, the same, only yourself, is prominent in the case. To dream of tartar or any deposit falling off of the teeth and leaving them sound and white, is a sign of temporary indisposition, which will pass, leaving you wiser in regard to conduct, and you will find enjoyment in the discharge of duty. To admire your teeth for their whiteness and beauty, foretells that pleasant occupations and much happiness will be experienced through the fulfilment of wishes. To dream that you pull one of your teeth and lose it, and feeling within your mouth with your tongue for the cavity, and failing to find any, and have a doctor for the same, but to no effect, leaving the whole affair enveloped in mystery, denotes that you are about to enter into some engagement which does not exactly please you, and which you decide to ignore, but will later take it up and secretly prosecute it to your own disquieting satisfaction and under the suspicion of friends. To dream that a dentist cleans your teeth perfectly, and the next morning you find them rusty, foretells you will believe your interest secure concerning some person or position, but you will find that they have succumbed to the blandishments of an artful man or woman. Telegram. To dream that you receive a telegram, denotes that you will soon receive tidings of an unpleasant character. Some friend is likely to misrepresent matters which are of much concern to you. To send a telegram is a sign that you will be estranged from some one holding a place near you, or business will disappoint you. If you are the operator sending these messages, you will be affected by them only through the interest of others. To see or be in a telegraph office, foretells unfortunate engagements. Telephone. To dream of a telephone, foretells you will meet strangers who will harass and bewilder you in your affairs. For a woman to dream of talking over one, denotes she will have much jealous rivalry, but will overcome all evil influences. If she cannot hear well in conversing over one, she is threatened with evil gossip, and the loss of a lover. Telescope. To dream of a telescope, portends unfavorable seasons for love and domestic affairs, and business will be changeable and uncertain. To look at planets and stars through one, portends for you journeys which will afford you much pleasure, but later cause you much financial loss. To see a broken telescope, or one not in use, signifies that matters will go out of the ordinary with you, and trouble may be expected. Tempest. To dream of tempests, denotes that you will have a siege of calamitous trouble, and friends will treat you with indifference. See Storms and Cyclones. Temptation. To dream that you are surrounded by temptations, denotes that you will be involved in some trouble with an envious person who is trying to displace you in the confidence of friends. If you resist them, you will be successful in some affair in which you have much opposition. Tenant. For a landlord to see his tenant in a dream, denotes he will have business trouble and vexation. To imagine you are a tenant, foretells you will suffer loss in experiments of a business character. If a tenant pays you money, you will be successful in some engagements. Tenpins. If you dream at playing at tenpins, you will doubtless soon engage in some affair which will bring discredit upon your name, and you will lose your money and true friendship. To see others engaged in this dream, foretells that you will find pleasure in frivolous people and likely lose employment. For a young woman to play a successful game of tenpins, is an omen of light pleasures, but sorrow will attend her later. Tent. To dream of being in a tent, foretells a change in your affairs. To see a number of tents, denotes journeys with unpleasant companions. If the tents are torn or otherwise dilapidated, there will be trouble for you. Terror. To dream that you feel terror at any object or happening, denotes that disappointments and loss will envelope you. To see others in terror, means that unhappiness of friends will seriously affect you. Text. To dream of hearing a minister reading his text, denotes that quarrels will lead to separation with some friend. To dream that you are in a dispute about a text, foretells unfortunate adventures for you. If you try to recall a text, you will meet with unexpected difficulties. If you are repeating and pondering over one, you will have great obstacles to overcome if you gain your desires. Thatch. To dream that you thatch a roof with any quickly, perishable material, denotes that sorrow and discomfort will surround you. If you find that a roof which you have thatched with straw is leaking, there will be threatenings of danger, but by your rightly directed energy they may be averted. Thaw. To dream of seeing ice thawing, foretells that some affair which has caused you much worry will soon give you profit and pleasure. To see the ground thawing after a long freeze, foretells prosperous circumstances. Theater. To dream of being at a theater, denotes that you will have much pleasure in the company of new friends. Your affairs will be satisfactory after this dream. If you are one of the players, your pleasures will be of short duration. If you attend a vaudeville theater, you are in danger of losing property through silly pleasures. If it is a grand opera, you will succeed in you wishes and aspirations. If you applaud and laugh at a theater, you will sacrifice duty to the gratification of fancy. To dream of trying to escape from one during a fire or other excitement, foretells that you will engage in some enterprise, which will be hazardous. Thermometer. To dream of looking at a thermometer, denotes unsatisfactory business, and disagreements in the home. To see a broken one, foreshadows illness. If the mercury seems to be falling, your affairs will assume a distressing shape. If it is rising, you will be able to throw off bad conditions in your business. Thief. To dream of being a thief and that you are pursued by officers, is a sign that you will meet reverses in business, and your social relations will be unpleasant. If you pursue or capture a thief, you will overcome your enemies. See Stealing. Thigh. To dream of seeing your thigh smooth and white, denotes unusual good luck and pleasure. To see wounded thighs, foretells illness and treachery. For a young woman to admire her thigh, signifies willingness to engage in adventures, and she should heed this as a warning to be careful of her conduct. Thimble. If you use a thimble in your dreams, you will have many others to please besides yourself. If a woman, you will have your own position to make. To lose one, foretells poverty and trouble. To see an old or broken one, denotes that you are about to act unwisely in some momentous affair. To receive or buy a new thimble, portends new associations in which you will find contentment. To dream that you use an open end thimble, but find that it is closed, denotes that you will have trouble, but friends will aid you in escaping its disastrous consequences. Thirst. To dream of being thirsty, shows that you are aspiring to things beyond your present reach; but if your thirst is quenched with pleasing drinks, you will obtain your wishes. To see others thirsty and drinking to slake it, you will enjoy many favors at the hands of wealthy people. Thorns. To dream of thorns, is an omen of dissatisfaction, and evil will surround every effort to advancement. If the thorns are hidden beneath green foliage, you prosperity will be interfered with by secret enemies. Thread. To dream of thread, denotes that your fortune lies beyond intricate paths. To see broken threads, you will suffer loss through the faithlessness of friends. See Spools. Threshing. To dream of threshing grain, denotes great advancement in business and happiness among families. But if there is an abundance of straw and little grain, unsuccessful enterprises will be undertaken. To break down or have an accident while threshing, you will have some great sorrow in the midst of prosperity. Throat. To dream of seeing a well-developed and graceful throat, portends a rise in position. If you feel that your throat is sore, you will be deceived in your estimation of a friend, and will have anxiety over the discovery. Throne. If you dream of sitting on a throne, you will rapidly rise to favor and fortune. To descend from one, there is much disappointment for you. To see others on a throne, you will succeed to wealth through the favor of others. Thumb. To dream of seeing a thumb, foretells that you will be the favorite of artful persons and uncertain fortune. If you are suffering from a sore thumb, you will lose in business, and your companions will prove disagreeable. To dream that you have no thumb, implies destitution and loneliness. If it seems unnaturally small, you will enjoy pleasure for a time. If abnormally large, your success will be rapid and brilliant. A soiled thumb indicates gratification of loose desires. If the thumb has a very long nail, you are liable to fall into evil through seeking strange pleasures. Thunder. To dream of hearing thunder, foretells you will soon be threatened with reverses in your business. To be in a thunder shower, denotes trouble and grief are close to you. To hear the terrific peals of thunder, which make the earth quake, portends great loss and disappointment. Tickle. To dream of being tickled, denotes insistent worries and illness. If you tickle others, you will throw away much enjoyment through weakness and folly. Ticks. To dream you see ticks crawling on your flesh, is a sign of impoverished circumstances and ill health. Hasty journeys to sick beds may be made. To mash a tick on you, denotes that you will be annoyed by treacherous enemies. To see in your dreams large ticks on stock, enemies are endeavoring to get possession of your property by foul means. Tiger. To dream of a tiger advancing towards you, you will be tormented and persecuted by enemies. If it attacks you, failure will bury you in gloom. If you succeed in warding it off, or killing it, you will be extremely successful in all your undertakings. To see one running away from you, is a sign that you will overcome opposition, and rise to high positions. To see them in cages, foretells that you will foil your adversaries. To see rugs of tiger skins, denotes that you are in the way to enjoy luxurious ease and pleasure. Till. To dream of seeing money and valuables in a till, foretells coming success. Your love affairs will be exceedingly favorable. An empty one, denotes disappointed expectations. Timber. To see timber in your dreams, is an augury of prosperous times and peaceful surroundings. If the timber appears dead, there are great disappointments for you. See Forest. Tipsy. To dream that you are tipsy, denotes that you will cultivate a jovial disposition, and the cares of life will make no serious inroads into your conscience. To see others tipsy, shows that you are careless as to the demeanor of your associates. Toad. To dream of toads, signifies unfortunate adventures. If a woman, your good name is threatened with scandal. To kill a toad, foretells that your judgment will be harshly criticised. To put your hands on them, you will be instrumental in causing the downfall of a friend. Tobacco. To dream of tobacco, denotes success in business affairs, but poor returns in love. To use it, warns you against enemies and extravagance. To see it growing, foretells successful enterprises. To see it dry in the leaf, ensures good crops to farmers, and consequent gain to tradesmen. To smoke tobacco, denotes amiable friendships. Tocsin. To dream of hearing a tocsin sounded, augurs a strife from which you will come victorious. For a woman, this is a warning of separation from her husband or lover. Toddy. To dream of taking a toddy, foretells interesting events will soon change your plan of living. Tomatoes. To dream of eating tomatoes, signals the approach of good health. To see them growing, denotes domestic enjoyment and happiness. For a young woman to see ripe ones, foretells her happiness in the married state. Tomb. To dream of seeing tombs, denotes sadness and disappointments in business. Dilapidated tombs omens death or desperate illness. To dream of seeing your own tomb, portends your individual sickness or disappointments. To read the inscription on tombs, foretells unpleasant duties. Tongue. To dream of seeing your own tongue, denotes that you will be looked upon with disfavor by your acquaintances. To see the tongue of another, foretells that scandal will villify you. To dream that your tongue is affected in any way, denotes that your carelessness in talking will get you into trouble. Toothless. To dream that you are toothless, denotes your inability to advance your interests, and ill health will cast goom{sic} over your prospects. To see others toothless, foretells that enemies are trying in vain to calumniate you. Tooth-picks. To dream of tooth-picks, foretells that small anxieties, and spites will harass you unnecessarily if you give them your attention. If you use one, you will be a party to a friends injury. Topaz. To see topaz in a dream, signifies Fortune will be liberal in her favors, and you will have very pleasing companions. For a woman to lose topaz ornaments, foretells she will be injured by jealous friends who court her position. To receive one from another beside a relative, foretells an interesting love affair will occupy her attention. Tops. To dream of a top, denotes that you will be involved in frivolous difficulties. To see one spinning, foretells that you will waste your means in childish pleasures. To see a top, foretells indiscriminate friendships will involve you in difficulty. Torch. To dream of seeing torches, foretells pleasant amusement and favorable business. To carry a torch, denotes success in love making or intricate affairs. For one to go out, denotes failure and distress. See Lantern and Lamp. Tornado. If you dream that you are in a tornado, you will be filled with disappointment and perplexity over the miscarriage of studied plans for swift attainment of fortune. See Hurricane. Torrent. To dream that you are looking upon a rushing torrent, denotes that you will have unusual trouble and anxiety. Torture. To dream of being tortured, denotes that you will undergo disappointment and grief through the machination of false friends. If you are torturing others, you will fail to carry out well-laid plans for increasing your fortune. If you are trying to alleviate the torture of others, you will succeed after a struggle in business and love. Tourist. To dream that you are a tourist, denotes that you will engage in some pleasurable affair which will take you away from your usual residence. To see tourists, indicates brisk but unsettled business and anxiety in love. Tower. To dream of seeing a tower, denotes that you will aspire to high elevations. If you climb one, you will succeed in your wishes, but if the tower crumbles as you descend, you will be disappointed in your hopes. See Ladder. Toys. To see toys in dreams, foretells family joys, if whole and new, but if broken, death will rend your heart with sorrow. To see children at play with toys, marriage of a happy nature is indicated. To give away toys in your dreams, foretells you will be ignored in a social way by your acquaintances. Trade. To dream of trading, denotes fair success in your enterprise. If you fail, trouble and annoyances will overtake you. Tragedy. To dream of a tragedy, foretells misunderstandings and grievious disappointments. To dream that you are implicated in a tragedy, portends that a calamity will plunge you into sorrow and peril. Train. To see a train of cars moving in your dreams, you will soon have cause to make a journey. To be on a train and it appears to move smoothly along, though there is no track, denotes that you will be much worried over some affair which will eventually prove a source of profit to you. To see freight trains in your dreams, is an omen of changes which will tend to your elevation. To find yourself, in a dream, on top of a sleeping car, denotes you will make a journey with an unpleasant companion, with whom you will spend money and time that could be used in a more profitable and congenial way, and whom you will seek to avoid. Traitor. To see a traitor in your dream, foretells you will have enemies working to despoil you. If some one calls you one, or if you imagine yourself one, there will be unfavorable prospects of pleasure for you. Transfiguration. To dream of the transfiguration, foretells that your faith in mans own nearness to God will raise you above trifling opinions, and elevate you to a worthy position, in which capacity you will be able to promote the well being of the ignorant and persecuted. To see yourself transfigured, you will stand high in the esteem of honest and prominent men. Trap. To dream of setting a trap, denotes that you will use intrigue to carry out your designs If you are caught in a trap, you will be outwitted by your opponents. If you catch game in a trap, you will flourish in whatever vocation you may choose. To see an empty trap, there will be misfortune in the immediate future. An old or broken trap, denotes failure in business, and sickness in your family may follow. Traveling. To dream of traveling, signifies profit and pleasure combined. To dream of traveling through rough unknown places, portends dangerous enemies, and perhaps sickness. Over bare or rocky steeps, signifies apparent gain, but loss and disappointment will swiftly follow. If the hills or mountains are fertile and green, you will be eminently prosperous and happy. To dream you travel alone in a car, denotes you may possibly make an eventful journey, and affairs will be worrying. To travel in a crowded car, foretells fortunate adventures, and new and entertaining companions. See Journey. Tray. To see trays in your dream, denotes your wealth will be foolishly wasted, and surprises of unpleasant nature will shock you. If the trays seem to be filled with valuables, surprises will come in the shape of good fortune. Treasures. To dream that you find treasures, denotes that you will be greatly aided in your pursuit of fortune by some unexpected generosity. If you lose treasures, bad luck in business and the inconstancy of friends is foretold. Trees. To dream of trees in new foliage, foretells a happy consummation of hopes and desires. Dead trees signal sorrow and loss. To climb a tree is a sign of swift elevation and preferment. To cut one down, or pull it up by the roots, denotes that you will waste your energies and wealth foolishly. To see green tress newly felled, portends unhappiness coming unexpectedly upon scenes of enjoyment, or prosperity. See Forest. Trenches. To see trenches in dreams, warns you of distant treachery. You will sustain loss if not careful in undertaking new enterprises, or associating with strangers. To see filled trenches, denotes many anxieties are gathering around you. See Ditch. Triangle. To dream of a triangle, foretells separation from friends, and love affairs will terminate in disagreements. Tripe. To see tripe in a dream, means sickness and danger. To eat tripe, denotes that you will be disappointed in some serious matter. Triplets. To dream of seeing triplets, foretells success in affairs where failure was feared. For a man to dream that his wife has them, signifies a pleasant termination to some affair which has been long in dispute. To hear newly-born triplets crying, signifies disagreements which will be hastily reconciled to your pleasure. For a young woman to dream that she has triplets, denotes that she will suffer loss and disappointment in love, but will succeed to wealth. Trophy. To see trophies in a dream, signifies some pleasure or fortune will come to you through the endeavors of mere acquaintances. For a woman to give away a trophy, implies doubtful pleasures and fortune. Trousers. To dream of trousers, foretells that you will be tempted to dishonorable deeds. If you put them on wrong side out, you will find that a fascination is fastening its hold upon you. Trout. To dream of seeing trout, is significant of growing prosperity. To eat some, denotes that you will be happily conditioned. To catch one with a hook, foretells assured pleasure and competence. If it falls back into the water, you will have a short season of happiness. To catch them with a seine, is a sign of unparalleled prosperity. To see them in muddy water shows that your success in love will bring you to grief and disappointments. Trowel. To dream of a trowel, denotes you will experience reaction in unfavorable business, and will vanquish poverty. To see one rusty or broken, unavoidable ill luck is fast approaching you. Trumpet. To dream of a trumpet, denotes that something of unusual interest is about to befall you. To blow a trumpet, signifies that you will gain your wishes. Trunk. To dream of trunks, foretells journeys and ill luck. To pack your trunk, denotes that you will soon go on a pleasant trip. To see the contents of a trunk thrown about in disorder, foretells quarrels, and a hasty journey from which only dissatisfaction will accrue. Empty trunks foretell disappointment in love and marriage. For a drummer to check his trunk, is an omen of advancement and comfort. If he finds that his trunk is too small for his wares, he will soon hear of his promotion, and his desires will reach gratification. For a young woman to dream that she tries to unlock her trunk and cant, signifies that she will make an effort to win some wealthy person, but by a misadventure she will lose her chance. If she fails to lock her trunk, she will be disappointed in making a desired trip. Truss. To see a truss in your dream, your ill health and unfortunate business engagements are predicted. Trusts. To dream of trusts, foretells indifferent success in trade or law. If you imagine you are a member of a trust, you will be successful in designs of a speculative nature. Tub. To dream of seeing a tub full of water, denotes domestic contentment. An empty tub proclaims unhappiness and waning of fortune. A broken tub, foretells family disagreements and quarrels. Tumble. To dream that you tumble off of any thing, denotes that you are given to carelessness, and should strive to be prompt with your affairs. To see others tumbliing,{sic} is a sign that you will profit by the negligence of others. Tunnel. To dream of going through a tunnel is bad for those in business and in love. To see a train coming towards you while in a tunnel, foretells ill health and change in occupation. To pass through a tunnel in a car, denotes unsatisfactory business, and much unpleasant and expensive travel. To see a tunnel caving in, portends failure and malignant enemies. To look into one, denotes that you will soon be compelled to face a desperate issue. Turf. To dream of a racing turf, signifies that you will have pleasure and wealth at your command, but your morals will be questioned by your most intimate friends. To see a green turf, indicates that interesting affairs will hold your attention. Turkey. To dream of seeing turkeys, signifies abundant gain in business, and favorable crops to the farmer. To see them dressed for the market, denotes improvement in your affairs. To see them sick, or dead, foretells that stringent circumstances will cause your pride to suffer. To dream you eat turkey, foretells some joyful occasion approaching. To see them flying, denotes a rapid transit from obscurity to prominence. To shoot them as game, is a sign that you will unscrupulously amass wealth. Turkish Baths. To dream of taking a Turkish bath, foretells that you will seek health far from your home and friends, but you will have much pleasurable enjoyment To see others take a Turkish bath, signifies that pleasant companions will occupy your attention. Turnips. To see turnips growing, denotes that your prospects will brighten, and that you will be much elated over your success. To eat them is a sign of ill health. To pull them up, denotes that you will improve your opportunities and your fortune thereby. To eat turnip greens, is a sign of bitter disappointment. Turnip seed is a sign of future advancement. For a young woman to sow turnip seed, foretells that she will inherit good property, and win a handsome husband. Turpentine. To dream of turpentine, foretells your near future holds unprofitable and discouraging engagements. For a woman to dream that she binds turpentine to the wound of another, shows she will gain friendships and favor through her benevolent acts. Turquoise. To dream of a torquoise,{sic} foretells you are soon to realize some desire which will greatly please your relatives. For a woman to have one stolen, foretells she will meet with crosses in love. If she comes by it dishonestly, she must suffer for yielding to hasty susceptibility in love. Turtle. To dream of seeing turtles, signifies that an unusual incident will cause you enjoyment, and improve your business conditions. To drink turtle soup, denotes that you will find pleasure in compromising intrigue. Tweezers. To see tweezers in a dream, denotes uncomfortable situations will fill you with discontent, and your companions will abuse you. Twine. To see twine in your dream, warns you that your business is assuming complications which will be hard to overcome. See Thread. Twins. To dream of seeing twins, foretells security in business, and faithful and loving contentment in the home. If they are sickly, it signifies that you will have disappointment and grief. Type. To see type in a dream, portends unpleasant transactions with friends. For a woman to clean type, foretells she will make fortunate speculations which will bring love and fortune. Typhoid. To dream that you are affected with this malady, is a warning to beware of enemies, and look well to your health. If you dream that there is an epidemic of typhoid, there will be depressions in business, and usual good health will undergo disagreeable changes. U. And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. First Kings, III., 15. Ugly. To dream that you are ugly, denotes that you will have a difficulty with your sweetheart, and your prospects will assume a depressed shade. If a young woman thinks herself ugly, she will conduct herself offensively toward her lover, which will probably cause a break in their pleasant associations. Ulcer. To see an ulcer in your dream, signifies loss of friends and removal from loved ones. Affairs will remain unsatisfactory. To dream that you have ulcers, denotes that you will become unpopular with your friends by giving yourself up to foolish pleasures. Umbrella. To dream of carrying an umbrella, denotes that trouble and annoyances will beset you. To see others carrying them, foretells that you will be appealed to for aid by charity. To borrow one, you will have a misunderstanding, perhaps, with a warm friend. To lend one, portends injury from false friends. To lose one, denotes trouble with some one who holds your confidence. To see one torn to pieces, or broken, foretells that you will be misrepresented and maligned. To carry a leaky one, denotes that pain and displeasure will be felt by you towards your sweetheart or companions. To carry a new umbrella over you in a clear shower, or sunshine, omens exquisite pleasure and prosperity. Uncle. If you see your uncle in a dream, you will have news of a sad character soon. To dream you see your uncle prostrated in mind, and repeatedly have this dream, you will have trouble with your relations which will result in estrangement, at least for a time. To see your uncle dead, denotes that you have formidable enemies. To have a misunderstanding with your uncle, denotes that your family relations will be unpleasant, and illness will be continually present. Underground. To dream of being in an underground habitation, you are in danger of losing reputation and fortune. To dream of riding on an underground railway, foretells that you will engage in some peculiar speculation which will contribute to your distress and anxiety. See Cars, etc. Undress. To dream that you are undressing, foretells, scandalous gossip will overshadow you. For a woman to dream that she sees the ruler of her country undressed, signifies sadness will overtake anticipated pleasures. She will suffer pain through the apprehension of evil to those dear to her. To see others undressed, is an omen of stolen pleasures, which will rebound with grief. Unfortunate. To dream that you are unfortunate, is significant of loss to yourself, and trouble for others. Uniform. To see a uniform in your dream, denotes that you will have influential friends to aid you in obtaining your desires. For a young woman to dream that she wears a uniform, foretells that she will luckily confer her favors upon a man who appreciated them, and returns love for passion. If she discards it, she will be in danger of public scandal by her notorious love for adventure. To see people arrayed in strange uniforms, foretells the disruption of friendly relations with some other Power by your own government. This may also apply to families or friends. To see a friend or relative looking sad while dressed in uniform, or as a soldier, predicts ill fortune or continued absence. United States Mail Box. To see a United States mail box, in a dream, denotes that you are about to enter into transactions which will be claimed to be illegal. To put a letter in one, denotes you will be held responsible for some irregularity of another. Unknown. To dream of meeting unknown persons, foretells change for good, or bad as the person is good looking, or ugly, or deformed. To feel that you are unknown, denotes that strange things will cast a shadow of ill luck over you. See Mystery. Urgent. To dream that you are supporting an urgent petition, is a sign that you will engage in some affair which will need fine financiering to carry it through successfully. Urinal. To dream of a urinal, disorder will predominate in your home. Urine. To dream of seeing urine, denotes ill health will make you disagreeable and unpleasant with your friends. To dream that you are urinating, is an omen of bad luck, and trying seasons to love. Urn. To dream of an urn, foretells you will prosper in some respects, and in others disfavor will be apparent. To see broken urns, unhappiness will confront you. Usurer. To find yourself a usurer in your dreams, foretells that you will be treated with coldness by your associates, and your business will decline to your consternation. If others are usurers, you will discard some former friend on account of treachery. Usurper. To dream that you are a usurper, foretells you will have trouble in establishing a good title to property. If others are trying to usurp your rights, there will be a struggle between you and your competitors, but you will eventually win. For a young woman to have this dream, she will be a party to a spicy rivalry, in which she will win. V. Where there is no vision, the people perish; but he that keepeth the law, happy is he.Prov. xxix., 18. Vaccinate. To dream of being vaccinated, foretells that your susceptibility to female charms will be played upon to your sorrow. To dream that others are vaccinated, shows you will fail to find contentment where it is sought, and your affairs will suffer decline in consequence. For a young woman to be vaccinated on her leg, foreshadows her undoing through treachery. Vagrant. To dream that you are a vagrant, portends poverty and misery. To see vagrants is a sign of contagion invading your community. To give to a vagrant, denotes that your generosity will be applauded. Valentine. To dream that you are sending valentines, foretells that you will lose opportunities of enriching yourself. For a young woman to receive one, denotes that she will marry a weak, but ardent lover against the counsels of her guardians. Valley. To find yourself walking through green and pleasant valleys, foretells great improvements in business, and lovers will be happy and congenial. If the valley is barren, the reverse is predicted. If marshy, illness or vexations may follow. Vapor Bath. To dream of a vapor bath, you will have fretful people for companions, unless you dream of emerging from one, and then you will find that your cares will be temporary. Varnishing. To dream of varnishing anything, denotes that you will seek to win distinction by fraudulent means. To see others varnishing, foretells that you are threatened with danger from the endeavor of friends to add to their own possessions. Vase. To dream of a vase, denotes that you will enjoy sweetest pleasure and contentment in the home life. To drink from a vase, you will soon thrill with the delights of stolen love. To see a broken vase, foretells early sorrow. For a young woman to receive one, signifies that she will soon obtain her dearest wish. Vat. To see a vat in your dreams, foretells anguish and suffering from the hands of cruel persons, into which you have unwittingly fallen. Vatican. To dream of the vatican, signifies unexpected favors will fall within your grasp. You will form the acquaintance of distinguished people, if you see royal personages speaking to the Pope. Vault. To dream of a vault, denotes bereavement and other misfortune. To see a vault for valuables, signifies your fortune will surprise many, as your circumstances will appear to be meagre. To see the doors of a vault open, implies loss and treachery of people whom you trust. Vegetables. To dream of eating vegetables, is an omen of strange luck. You will think for a time that you are tremendously successful, but will find to your sorrow that you have been grossly imposed upon. Withered, or decayed vegetables, bring unmitigated woe and sadness. For a young woman to dream that she is preparing vegetables for dinner, foretells that she will lose the man she desired through pique, but she will win a well-meaning and faithful husband. Her engagements will be somewhat disappointing. Vehicle. To ride in a vehicle while dreaming, foretells threatened loss, or illness. To be thrown from one, foretells hasty and unpleasant news. To see a broken one, signals failure in important affairs. To buy one, you will reinstate yourself in your former position. To sell one, denotes unfavorable change in affairs. Veil. To dream that you wear a veil, denotes that you will not be perfectly sincere with your lover, and you will be forced to use stratagem to retain him. To see others wearing veils, you will be maligned and defamed by apparent friends. An old, or torn veil, warns you that deceit is being thrown around you with sinister design. For a young woman to dream that she loses her veil, denotes that her lover sees through her deceitful ways and is likely to retaliate with the same. To dream of seeing a bridal veil, foretells that you will make a successful change in the immediate future, and much happiness in your position. For a young woman to dream that she wears a bridal veil, denotes that she will engage in some affair which will afford her lasting profit and enjoyment. If it gets loose, or any accident befalls it, she will be burdened with sadness and pain. To throw a veil aside, indicates separation or disgrace. To see mourning veils in your dreams, signifies distress and trouble, and embarrassment in business. Vein. To see your veins in a dream, insures you against slander, if they are normal. To see them bleeding, denotes that you will have a great sorrow from which there will be no escape. To see them swollen, you will rise hastily to distinction and places of trust. Velvet. To dream of velvet, portends very successful enterprises. If you wear it, some distinction will be conferred upon you. To see old velvet, means your prosperity will suffer from your extreme pride. If a young woman dreams that she is clothed in velvet garments, it denotes that she will have honors bestowed upon her, and the choice between several wealthy lovers. Veneer. To dream that you are veneering, denotes that you will systematically deceive your friends, your speculations will be of a misleading nature. Ventriloquist. To dream of a ventriloquist, denotes that some treasonable affair is going to prove detrimental to your interest. If you think yourself one, you will not conduct yourself honorably towards people who trust you. For a young woman to dream she is mystified by the voice of a ventriloquist, foretells that she will be deceived into illicit adventures. Veranda. To dream of being on a veranda, denotes that you are to be successful in some affair which is giving you anxiety. For a young woman to be with her lover on a veranda, denotes her early and happy marriage. To see an old veranda, denotes the decline of hopes, and disappointment in business and love. Vermin. Vermin crawling in your dreams, signifies sickness and much trouble. If you succeed in ridding yourself of them, you will be fairly successful, but otherwise death may come to you, or your relatives. See Locust. Vertigo. To dream that you have vertigo, foretells you will have loss in domestic happiness, and your affairs will be under gloomy outlooks. Vessels. To dream of vessels, denotes labor and activity. See Ships and similar words. Vexed. If you are vexed in your dreams, you will find many worries scattered through your early awakening. If you think some person is vexed with you, it is a sign that you will not shortly reconcile some slight misunderstanding. Vicar. To dream of a vicar, foretells that you will do foolish things while furious with jealousy and envy. For a young woman to dream she marries a vicar, foretells that she will fail to awake reciprocal affection in the man she desires, and will live a spinster, or marry to keep from being one. Vice. To dream that you are favoring any vice, signifies you are about to endanger your reputation, by letting evil persuasions entice you. If you see others indulging in vice, some ill fortune will engulf the interest of some relative or associate. Victim. To dream that you are the victim of any scheme, foretells that you will be oppressed and over-powered by your enemies. Your family relations will also be strained. To victimize others, denotes that you will amass wealth dishonorably and prefer illicit relations, to the sorrow of your companions. Victory. To dream that you win a victory, foretells that you will successfully resist the attacks of enemies, and will have the love of women for the asking. Village. To dream that you are in a village, denotes that you will enjoy good health and find yourself fortunately provided for. To revisit the village home of your youth, denotes that you will have pleasant surprises in store and favorable news from absent friends. If the village looks dilapidated, or the dream indistinct, it foretells that trouble and sadness will soon come to you. Vine. To dream of vines, is propitious of success and happiness. Good health is in store for those who see flowering vines. If they are dead, you will fail in some momentous enterprise. To see poisonous vines, foretells that you will be the victim of a plausible scheme and you will impair your health. Vinegar. To dream of drinking vinegar, denotes that you will be exasperated and worried into assenting to some engagement which will fill you with evil foreboding. To use vinegar on vegetables, foretells a deepening of already distressing affairs. To dream of vinegar at all times, denotes inharmonious and unfavorable aspects. Vineyard. To dream of a vineyard, denotes favorable speculations and auspicious love-making. To visit a vineyard which is not well-kept and filled with bad odors, denotes disappointment will overshadow your most sanguine anticipations. Violence. To dream that any person does you violence, denotes that you will be overcome by enemies. If you do some other persons violence, you will lose fortune and favor by your reprehensible way of conducting your affairs. Violets. To see violets in your dreams, or gather them, brings joyous occasions in which you will find favor with some superior person. For a young woman to gather them, denotes that she will soon meet her future husband. To see them dry, or withered, denotes that her love will be scorned and thrown aside. Violin. To see, or hear a violin in dreams, foretells harmony and peace in the family, and financial affairs will cause no apprehension. For a young woman to play on one in her dreams, denotes that she will be honored and receive lavish gifts. If her attempt to play is unsuccessful, she will lose favor, and aspire to things she never can possess. A broken one, indicates sad bereavement and separation. Viper. To dream of a viper, foretells that calamities are threatening you. To dream that a many-hued viper, and capable of throwing itself into many pieces, or unjointing itself, attacks you, denotes that your enemies are bent on your ruin and will work unitedly, yet apart, to displace you. Virgin. To dream of a virgin, denotes that you will have comparative luck in your speculations. For a married woman to dream that she is a virgin, foretells that she will suffer remorse over her past, and the future will hold no promise of better things. For a young woman to dream that she is no longer a virgin, foretells that she will run great risk of losing her reputation by being indiscreet with her male friends. For a man to dream of illicit association with a virgin, denotes that he will fail to accomplish an enterprise, and much worry will be caused him by the appeals of people. His aspirations will be foiled through unwarranted associations. Visit. If you visit in your dreams, you will shortly have some pleasant occasion in your life. If your visit is unpleasant, your enjoyment will be marred by the action of malicious persons. For a friend to visit you, denotes that news of a favorable nature will soon reach you. If the friend appears sad and travel-worn, there will be a note of displeasure growing out of the visit, or other slight disappointments may follow. If she is dressed in black or white and looks pale or ghastly, serious illness or accidents are predicted. Visions. To dream that you have a strange vision, denotes that you will be unfortunate in your dealings and sickness will unfit you for pleasant duties. If persons appear to you in visions, it foretells uprising and strife of families or state. If your friend is near dissolution and you are warned in a vision, he will appear suddenly before you, usually in white garments. Visions of death and trouble have such close resemblance, that they are sometimes mistaken one for the other. To see visions of any order in your dreams, you may look for unusual developments in your business, and a different atmosphere and surroundings in private life. Things will be reversed for a while with you. You will have changes in your business and private life seemingly bad, but eventually good for all concerned. The Supreme Will is always directed toward the ultimate good of the race. Vitriol. If you see vitriol in your dreams, it is a token of some innocent person being censured by you. To throw it on people, shows you will bear malice towards parties who seek to favor you. For a young woman to have a jealous rival throw it in her face, foretells that she will be the innocent object of some persons hatred. This dream for a business man, denotes enemies and much persecution. Voice. To dream of hearing voices, denotes pleasant reconciliations, if they are calm and pleasing; high-pitched and angry voices, signify disappointments and unfavorable situations. To hear weeping voices, shows that sudden anger will cause you to inflict injury upon a friend. If you hear the voice of God, you will make a noble effort to rise higher in unselfish and honorable principles, and will justly hold the admiration of high-minded people. For a mother to hear the voice of her child, is a sign of approaching misery, perplexity and grievous doubts. To hear the voice of distress, or a warning one calling to you, implies your own serious misfortune or that of some one close to you. If the voice is recognized, it is often ominous of accident or illness, which may eliminate death or loss. Volcano. To see a volcano in your dreams, signifies that you will be in violent disputes, which threaten your reputation as a fair dealing and honest citizen. For a young woman, it means that her selfishness and greed will lead her into intricate adventures. Vomit. To dream of vomiting, is a sign that you will be afflicted with a malady which will threaten invalidism, or you will be connected with a racy scandal. To see others vomiting, denotes that you will be made aware of the false pretenses of persons who are trying to engage your aid. For a woman to dream that she vomits a chicken, and it hops off, denotes she will be disappointed in some pleasure by the illness of some relative. Unfavorable business and discontent are also predicted. If it is blood you vomit, you will find illness a hurried and unexpected visitor. You will be cast down with gloomy forebodings, and children and domesticity in general will ally to work you discomfort. Vote. If you dream of casting a vote on any measure, you will be engulfed in a commotion which will affect your community. To vote fraudulently, foretells that your dishonesty will overcome your better inclinations. Voucher. To dream of vouchers, foretells that patient toil will defeat idle scheming to arrest fortune from you. To sign one, denotes that you have the aid and confidence of those around you, despite the evil workings of enemies. To lose one, signifies that you will have a struggle for your rights with relatives. Vow. To dream that you are making or listening to vows, foretells complaint will be made against you of unfaithfulness in business, or some love contract. To take the vows of a church, denotes you will bear yourself with unswerving integrity through some difficulty. To break or ignore a vow, foretells disastrous consequences will attend your dealings. Voyage. To make a voyage in your dreams, foretells that you will receive some inheritance besides that which your labors win for you. A disastrous voyage brings incompetence, and false loves. Vultures. To dream of vultures, signifies that some scheming person is bent on injuring you, and will not succeed unless you see the vulture wounded, or dead. For a woman to dream of a vulture, signifies that she will be overwhelmed with slander and gossip. W. Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shalt not have a vision, and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them.Mich. iii., 6. Wading. If you wade in clear water while dreaming, you will partake of evanescent, but exquisite joys. If the water is muddy, you are in danger of illness, or some sorrowful experiences. To see children wading in clear water is a happy prognostication, as you will be favored in your enterprises. For a young woman to dream of wading in clear foaming water, she will soon gain the desire nearest her heart. See Bathing. Wadding. Wadding, if seen in a dream, brings consolation to the sorrowing, and indifference to unfriendly criticism. Wafer. Wafer, if seen in a dream, purports an encounter with enemies. To eat one, suggests impoverished fortune. For a young woman to bake them, denotes that she will be tormented and distressed by fears of remaining in the unmarried state. Wager. To dream of making a wager, signifies that you will resort to dishonest means to forward your schemes. If you lose a wager, you will sustain injury from base connections with those out of your social sphere. To win one, reinstates you in favor with fortune. If you are not able to put up a wager, you will be discouraged and prostrated by the adverseness of circumstances. Wages. Wages, if received in dreams, brings unlooked for good to persons engaging in new enterprises. To pay out wages, denotes that you will be confounded by dissatisfaction. To have your wages reduced, warns you of unfriendly interest that is being taken against you. An increase of wages, suggests unusual profit in any undertaking. Wagon. To dream of a wagon, denotes that you will be unhappily mated, and many troubles will prematurely age you. To drive one down a hill, is ominous of proceedings which will fill you with disquiet, and will cause you loss. To drive one up hill, improves your worldly affairs. To drive a heavily loaded wagon, denotes that duty will hold you in a moral position, despite your efforts to throw her off. To drive into muddy water, is a gruesome prognostication, bringing you into a vortex of unhappiness and fearful foreboding. To see a covered wagon, foretells that you will be encompassed by mysterious treachery, which will retard your advancement. For a young woman to dream that she drives a wagon near a dangerous embankment, portends that she will be driven into an illicit entanglement, which will fill her with terror, lest she be openly discovered and ostracised. If she drives across a clear stream of water, she will enjoy adventure without bringing opprobrium upon herself. A broken wagon represents distress and failure. Wagtail. To see a wagtail in a dream, foretells that you will be the victim of unpleasant gossip, and your affairs will develop unmistakable loss. Waif. To dream of a waif, denotes personal difficulties, and especial ill-luck in business. Wail. A wail falling upon your ear while in the midst of a dream, brings fearful news of disaster and woe. For a young woman to hear a wail, foretells that she will be deserted and left alone in distress, and perchance disgrace. See Weeping. Waist and Shirt-Waist. To dream of a round full waist, denotes that you will be favored by an agreeable dispensation of fortune. A small, unnatural waist, foretells displeasing success and recriminating disputes. For a young woman to dream of a nice, ready-made shirt-waist, denotes that she will win admiration through her ingenuity and pleasing manners. To dream that her shirt-waist is torn, she will be censured for her illicit engagements. If she is trying on a shirt-waist, she will encounter rivalry in love, but if she succeeds in adjusting the waist to her person, she will successfully combat the rivalry and win the object of her love. Waiter. To dream of a waiter, signifies you will be pleasantly entertained by a friend. To see one cross or disorderly, means offensive people will thrust themselves upon your hospitality. Wake. To dream that you attend a wake, denotes that you will sacrifice some important engagement to enjoy some ill-favored assignation. For a young woman to see her lover at a wake, foretells that she will listen to the entreaties of passion, and will be persuaded to hazard honor for love. Walking. To dream of walking through rough brier, entangled paths, denotes that you will be much distressed over your business complications, and disagreeable misunderstandings will produce coldness and indifference. To walk in pleasant places, you will be the possessor of fortune and favor. To walk in the night brings misadventure, and unavailing struggle for contentment. For a young woman to find herself walking rapidly in her dreams, denotes that she will inherit some property, and will possess a much desired object. See Wading. Walking Stick. To see a walking stick in a dream, foretells you will enter into contracts without proper deliberation, and will consequently suffer reverses. If you use one in walking, you will be dependent upon the advice of others. To admire handsome ones, you will entrust your interest to others, but they will be faithful. Wallet. To see wallets in a dream, foretells burdens of a pleasant nature will await your discretion as to assuming them. An old or soiled one, implies unfavorable results from your labors. Walls. To dream that you find a wall obstructing your progress, you will surely succumb to ill-favored influences and lose important victories in your affairs. To jump over it, you will overcome obstacles and win your desires. To force a breach in a wall, you will succeed in the attainment of your wishes by sheer tenacity of purpose. To demolish one, you will overthrow your enemies. To build one, foretells that you will carefully lay plans and will solidify your fortune to the exclusion of failure, or designing enemies. For a young woman to walk on top of a wall, shows that her future happiness will soon be made secure. For her to hide behind a wall, denotes that she will form connections that she will be ashamed to acknowledge. If she walks beside a base wall. she will soon have run the gamut of her attractions, and will likely be deserted at a precarious time. Walnut. To dream of walnuts, is an omen significant of prolific joys and favors. To dream that you crack a decayed walnut, denotes that your expectations will end in bitterness and regretable collapse. For a young woman to dream that she has walnut stain on her hands, foretells that she will see her lover turn his attention to another, and she will entertain only regrets for her past indiscreet conduct. Waltz. To see the waltz danced, foretells that you will have pleasant relations with a cheerful and adventuresome person. For a young woman to waltz with her lover, denotes that she will be the object of much admiration, but none will seek her for a wife. If she sees her lover waltzing with a rival, she will overcome obstacles to her desires with strategy. If she waltzes with a woman, she will be loved for her virtues and winning ways. If she sees persons whirling in the waltz as if intoxicated, she will be engulfed so deeply in desire and pleasure that it will be a miracle if she resists the impassioned advances of her lover and male acquaintances. Want. To dream that you are in want, denotes that you have unfortunately ignored the realities of life, and chased folly to her stronghold of sorrow and adversity. If you find yourself contented in a state of want, you will bear the misfortune which threatens you with heroism, and will see the clouds of misery disperse. To relieve want, signifies that you will be esteemed for your disinterested kindness, but you will feel no pleasure in well doing. War. To dream of war, foretells unfortunate conditions in business, and much disorder and strife in domestic affairs. For a young woman to dream that her lover goes to war, denotes that she will hear of something detrimental to her lovers character. To dream that your country is defeated in war, is a sign that it will suffer revolution of a business and political nature. Personal interest will sustain a blow either way. If of victory you dream, there will be brisk activity along business lines, and domesticity will be harmonious. Wardrobe. To dream of your wardrobe, denotes that your fortune will be endangered by your attempts to appear richer than you are. If you imagine you have a scant wardrobe, you will seek association with strangers. Warehouse. To dream of a warehouse, denotes for you a successful enterprise. To see an empty one, is a sign that you will be cheated and foiled in some plan which you have given much thought and maneuvering. Warrant. To dream that a warrant is being served on you, denotes that you will engage in some important work which will give you great uneasiness as to its standing and profits. To see a warrant served on some one else, there will be danger of your actions bringing you into fatal quarrels or misunderstandings. You are likely to be justly indignant with the wantonness of some friend. Warts. If you are troubled with warts on your person, in dreams, you will be unable to successfully parry the thrusts made at your honor. To see them leaving your hands, foretells that you will overcome disagreeable obstructions to fortune. To see them on others, shows that you have bitter enemies near you. If you doctor them, you will struggle with energy to ward off threatened danger to you and yours. Washboard. To see a washboard in your dreams, is indicative of embarrassment. If you see a woman using one, it predicts that you will let women rob you of energy and fortune. A broken one, portends that you will come to grief and disgraceful deeds through fast living. Wash-bowl. To dream of a wash-bowl, signifies that new cares will interest you, and afford much enjoyment to others. To bathe your face and hands in a bowl of clear water, denotes that you will soon consummate passionate wishes which will bind you closely to some one who interested you, but before passion enveloped you. If the bowl is soiled, or broken, you will rue an illicit engagement, which will give others pain, and afford you small pleasure. Washer Woman. A washer woman seen in dreams, represents infidelity and a strange adventure. For the business man, or farmer, this dream indicates expanding trade and fine crops. For a woman to dream that she is a washer woman, denotes that she will throw decorum aside in her persistent effort to hold the illegal favor of men. Washing. To dream that you are washing yourself, signifies that you pride yourself on the numberless liaisons you maintain. See Wash Bowl or Bathing. Wasp. Wasps, if seen in dreams, denotes that enemies will scourge and spitefully villify you. If one stings you, you will feel the effect of envy and hatred. To kill them, you will be able to throttle your enemies, and fearlessly maintain your rights. Waste. To dream of wandering through waste places, foreshadows doubt and failure, where promise of success was bright before you. To dream of wasting your fortune, denotes you will be unpleasantly encumbered with domestic cares. Watch. To dream of a watch, denotes you will be prosperous in well-directed speculations. To look at the time of one, your efforts will be defeated by rivalry. To break one, there will be distress and loss menacing you. To drop the crystal of one, foretells carelessness, or unpleasant companionship. For a woman to lose one, signifies domestic disturbances will produce unhappiness. To imagine you steal one, you will have a violent enemy who will attack your reputation. To make a present of one, denotes you will suffer your interest to decline in the pursuance of undignified recreations. Water. To dream of clear water, foretells that you will joyfully realize prosperity and pleasure. If the water is muddy, you will be in danger and gloom will occupy Pleasures seat. If you see it rise up in your house, denotes that you will struggle to resist evil, but unless you see it subside, you will succumb to dangerous influences. If you find yourself baling it out, but with feet growing wet, foreshadows trouble, sickness, and misery will work you a hard task, but you will forestall them by your watchfulness. The same may be applied to muddy water rising in vessels. To fall into muddy water, is a sign that you will make many bitter mistakes, and will suffer poignant grief therefrom. To drink muddy water, portends sickness, but drinking it clear and refreshing brings favorable consummation of fair hopes. To sport with water, denotes a sudden awakening to love and passion. To have it sprayed on your head, denotes that your passionate awakening to love will meet reciprocal consummation. The following dream and its allegorical occurrence in actual life is related by a young woman student of dreams: Without knowing how, I was in my dream on a boat, I waded through clear blue water to a wharfboat, which I found to be snow white, but rough and splintry. The next evening I had a delightful male caller, but he remained beyond the time prescribed by mothers and I was severely censured for it. The blue water and fairy white boat were the disappointing prospects in the symbol. Water-carrier. To see water-carriers passing in your dreams, denotes that your prospects will be favorable in fortune, and love will prove no laggard in your chase for pleasure. If you think you are a water-carrier, you will rise above your present position. Waterfall. To dream of a waterfall, foretells that you will secure your wildest desire, and fortune will be exceedingly favorable to your progress. Water Lily. To dream of a water lily, or to see them growing, foretells there will be a close commingling of prosperity and sorrow or bereavement. Waves. To dream of waves, is a sign that you hold some vital step in contemplation, which will evolve much knowledge if the waves are clear; but you will make a fatal error if you see them muddy or lashed by a storm. See Ocean and Sea. Wax Taper. To dream of lighting wax tapers, denotes that some pleasing occurrence will bring you into association with friends long absent. To blow them out, signals disappointing times, and sickness will forestall expected opportunities of meeting distinguished friends. Way. To dream you lose your way, warns you to disabuse your mind of lucky speculations, as your enterprises threaten failure unless you are painstaking in your management of affairs. See Road and Path. Wealth. To dream that you are possessed of much wealth, foretells that you will energetically nerve yourself to meet the problems of life with that force which compells success. To see others wealthy, foretells that you will have friends who will come to your rescue in perilous times. For a young woman to dream that she is associated with wealthy people, denotes that she will have high aspirations and will manage to enlist some one who is able to further them. Weasel. To see a weasel bent on a marauding expedition in your dreams, warns you to beware of the friendships of former enemies, as they will devour you at an unseemly time. If you destroy them, you will succeed in foiling deep schemes laid for your defeat. Weather. To dream of the weather, foretells fluctuating tendencies in fortune. Now you are progressing immensely, to be suddenly confronted with doubts and rumblings of failure. To think you are reading the reports of a weather bureau, you will change your place of abode, after much weary deliberation, but you will be benefited by the change. To see a weather witch, denotes disagreeable conditions in your family affairs. To see them conjuring the weather, foretells quarrels in the home and disappointment in business. Weaving. To dream that you are weaving, denotes that you will baffle any attempt to defeat you in the struggle for the up-building of an honorable fortune. To see others weaving shows that you will be surrounded by healthy and energetic conditions. Web. To dream of webs, foretells deceitful friends will work you loss and displeasure. If the web is non-elastic, you will remain firm in withstanding the attacks of the envious persons who are seeking to obtain favors from you. Wedding. To attend a wedding in your dream, you will speedily find that there is approaching you an occasion which will cause you bitterness and delayed success. For a young woman to dream that her wedding is a secret is decidedly unfavorable to character. It imports her probable downfall. If she contracts a worldly, or approved marriage, signifies she will rise in the estimation of those about her, and anticipated promises and joys will not be withheld. If she thinks in her dream that there are parental objections, she will find that her engagement will create dissatisfaction among her relatives. For her to dream her lover weds another, foretells that she will be distressed with needless fears, as her lover will faithfully carry out his promises. For a person to dream of being wedded, is a sad augury, as death will only be eluded by a miracle. If the wedding is a gay one and there are no ashen, pale-faced or black-robed ministers enjoining solemn vows, the reverses may be expected. For a young woman to dream that she sees some one at her wedding dressed in mourning, denotes she will only have unhappiness in her married life. If at anothers wedding, she will be grieved over the unfavorable fortune of some relative or friend. She may experience displeasure or illness where she expected happiness and health. The pleasure trips of others or her own, after this dream, may be greatly disturbed by unpleasant intrusions or surprises. See Marriage and Bride. Wedding Clothes. To see wedding clothes, signifies you will participate in pleasing works and will meet new friends. To see them soiled or in disorder, foretells you will lose close relations with some much-admired person. Wedding Ring. For a woman to dream her wedding ring is bright and shining, foretells that she will be shielded from cares and infidelity. If it should be lost or broken, much sadness will come into her life through death and uncongeniality. To see a wedding ring on the hand of a friend, or some other person, denotes that you will hold your vows lightly and will court illicit pleasure. Wedge. To dream of a wedge, denotes you will have trouble in some business arrangements which will be the cause of your separation from relatives. Separation of lovers or friends may also be implied. Wedlock. To dream that you are in the bonds of an unwelcome wedlock, denotes you will be unfortunately implicated in a disagreeable affair. For a young woman to dream that she is dissatisfied with wedlock, foretells her inclinations will persuade her into scandalous escapades. For a married woman to dream of her wedding day, warns her to fortify her strength and feelings against disappointment and grief. She will also be involved in secret quarrels and jealousies. For a woman to imagine she is pleased and securely cared for in wedlock, is a propitious dream. Weeding. To dream that you are weeding, foretells that you will have difficulty in proceeding with some work which will bring you distinction. To see others weeding, you will be fearful that enemies will upset your plans. Weeping. Weeping in your dreams, foretells ill tidings and disturbances in your family. To see others weeping, signals pleasant reunion after periods of saddened estrangements. This dream for a young woman is ominous of lovers quarrels, which can only reach reconciliation by self-abnegation. For the tradesman, it foretells temporary discouragement and reverses. Weevil. To dream of weevils, portends loss in trade and falseness in love. Weighing. To dream of weighing, denotes that you are approaching a prosperous period, and if you set yourself determinedly toward success you will victoriously reap the full fruition of your labors. To weigh others, you will be able to subordinate them to your interest. For a young woman to weigh with her lover, foretells that he will be ready at all times to comply with her demands. Well. To dream that you are employed in a well, foretells that you will succumb to adversity through your misapplied energies. You will let strange elements direct your course. To fall into a well, signifies that overwhelming despair will possess you. For one to cave in, promises that enemies schemes will overthrow your own. To see an empty well, denotes you will be robbed of fortune if you allow strangers to share your confidence. To see one with a pump in it, shows you will have opportunities to advance your prospects. To dream of an artesian well, foretells that your splendid resources will gain you admittance into the realms of knowledge and pleasure. To draw water from a well, denotes the fulfilment of ardent desires. If the water is impure, there will be unpleasantness. Welcome. To dream that you receive a warm welcome into any society, foretells that you will become distinguished among your acquaintances and will have deference shown you by strangers. Your fortune will approximate anticipation. To accord others welcome, denotes your congeniality and warm nature will be your passport into pleasures, or any other desired place. Welsh Rarebits. To dream of preparing or eating Welsh rarebits, denotes that your affairs will assume a complicated state, owing to your attention being absorbed by artful women and enjoyment of neutral fancies. Wet. To dream that you are wet, denotes that a possible pleasure may involve you in loss and disease. You are warned to avoid the blandishments of seemingly well-meaning people. For a young woman to dream that she is soaking wet, portends that she will be disgracefully implicated in some affair with a married man. Wet Nurse. To dream that you are a wet nurse, denotes that you will be widowed or have the care of the aged, or little children. For a woman to dream that she is a wet nurse, signifies that she will depend on her own labors for sustenance. Whale. To dream of seeing a whale approaching a ship, denotes that you will have a struggle between duties, and will be threatened with loss of property. If the whale is demolished, you will happily decide between right and inclination, and will encounter pleasing successes. If you see a whale overturn a ship, you will be thrown into a whirlpool of disasters. Whalebone. To see or work with whalebone in your dreams, you still form an alliance which will afford you solid benefit. Wheat. To see large fields of growing wheat in your dreams, denotes that your interest will take on encouraging prospects. If the wheat is ripe, your fortune will be assured and love will be your joyous companion. To see large clear grains of wheat running through the thresher, foretells that prosperity has opened her portals to the fullest for you. To see it in sacks or barrels, your determination to reach the apex of success is soon to be crowned with victory and your love matters will be firmly grounded. If your granary is not well covered and you see its contents getting wet, foretells that while you have amassed a fortune, you have not secured your rights and you will see your interests diminishing by the hand of enemies. If you rub wheat from the head into your hand and eat it, you will labor hard for success and will obtain and make sure of your rights. To dream that you climb a steep hill covered with wheat and think you are pulling yourself up by the stalks of wheat, denotes you will enjoy great prosperity and thus be able to distinguish yourself in any chosen pursuit. Wheels. To see swiftly rotating wheels in your dreams, foretells that you will be thrifty and energetic in your business and be successful in pursuits of domestic bliss. To see idle or broken wheels, proclaims death or absence of some one in your household. Whetstone. To dream of a whetstone, is significant of sharp worries and close attention is needed in your own affairs, if you avoid difficulties. You are likely to be forced into an uncomfortable journey. Whip. To dream of a whip, signifies unhappy dissensions and unfortunate and formidable friendships. Whirlpool. To dream of a whirlpool, denotes that great danger is imminent in your business, and, unless you are extremely careful, your reputation will be seriously blackened by some disgraceful intrigue. Whirlwind. To dream that you are in the path of a whirlwind, foretells that you are confronting a change which threatens to overwhelm you with loss and calamity. For a young woman to dream that she is caught in a whirlwind and has trouble to keep her skirts from blowing up and entangling her waist, denotes that she will carry on a secret flirtation and will be horrified to find that scandal has gotten possession of her name and she will run a close risk of disgrace and ostracism. Whisky. To dream of whisky in bottles, denotes that you will be careful of your interests, protecting them with energy and watchfulness, thereby adding to their proportion. To drink it alone, foretells that you will sacrifice your friends to your selfishness. To destroy whisky, you will lose your friends by your ungenerous conduct. Whisky is not fraught with much good. Disappointment in some form will likely appear. To see or drink it, is to strive and reach a desired object after many disappointments. If you only see it, you will never obtain the result hoped and worked for. Whispering. To dream of whispering, denotes that you will be disturbed by the evil gossiping of people near you. To hear a whisper coming to you as advice or warning, foretells that you stand in need of aid and counsel. Whistle. To hear a whistle in your dream, denotes that you will be shocked by some sad intelligence, which will change your plans laid for innocent pleasure. To dream that you are whistling, foretells a merry occasion in which you expect to figure largely. This dream for a young woman indicates indiscreet conduct and failure to obtain wishes is foretold. White Lead. To dream of white lead, denotes relatives or children are in danger because of your carelessness. Prosperity will be chary of favor. White Moth. To dream of a white moth, foretells unavoidable sickness, though you will be tempted to accuse yourself or some other with wrong-doing, which you think causes the complaint. For a woman to see one flying around in the room at night, forebodes unrequited wishes and disposition which will effect the enjoyment of other people. To see a moth flying and finally settling upon something, or disappearing totally, foreshadows death of friends or relatives. Whitewash. To dream that you are whitewashing, foretells that you will seek to reinstate yourself with friends by ridding yourself of offensive habits and companions. For a young woman, this dream is significant of well-laid plans to deceive others and gain back her lover who has been estranged by her insinuating bearing toward him. Widow. To dream that you are a widow, foretells that you will have many troubles through malicious persons. For a man to dream that he marries a widow, denotes he will see some cherished undertaking crumble down in disappointment. Wife. To dream of your wife, denotes unsettled affairs and discord in the home. To dream that your wife is unusually affable, denotes that you will receive profit from some important venture in trade. For a wife to dream her husband whips her, foretells unlucky influences will cause harsh criticism in the home and a general turmoil will ensue. Wig. To dream you wear a wig, indicates that you will soon make an unpropitious change. To lose a wig, you will incur the derision and contempt of enemies. To see others wearing wigs, is a sign of treachery entangling you. Wild. To dream that you are running about wild, foretells that you will sustain a serious fall or accident. To see others doing so, denotes unfavorable prospects will cause you worry and excitement. Wild Man. To see a wild man in your dream, denotes that enemies will openly oppose you in your enterprises. To think you are one foretells you will be unlucky in following out your designs. Will. To dream you are making your will, is significant of momentous trials and speculations. For a wife or any one to think a will is against them, portends that they will have disputes and disorderly proceedings to combat in some event soon to transpire. If you fail to prove a will, you are in danger of libelous slander. To lose one is unfortunate for your business. To destroy one, warns you that you are about to be a party to treachery and deceit. Willow. To dream of willows, foretells that you will soon make a sad journey, but you will be consoled in your grief by faithful friends. Wind. To dream of the wind blowing softly and sadly upon you, signifies that great fortune will come to you through bereavement. If you hear the wind soughing, denotes that you will wander in estrangement from one whose life is empty without you. To walk briskly against a brisk wind, foretells that you will courageously resist temptation and pursue fortune with a determination not easily put aside. For the wind to blow you along against your wishes, portends failure in business undertakings and disappointments in love. If the wind blows you in the direction you wish to go you will find unexpected and helpful allies, or that you have natural advantages over a rival or competitor. Windmill. To see a windmill in operation in your dreams, foretells abundant accumulation of fortune and marked contentment To see one broken or idle, signifies adversity coming unawares. Window. To see windows in your dreams, is an augury of fateful culmination to bright hopes. You will see your fairest wish go down in despair. Fruitless endeavors will be your portion. To see closed windows is a representation of desertion. If they are broken, you will be hounded by miserable suspicions of disloyalty from those you love. To sit in a window, denotes that you will be the victim of folly. To enter a house through a window, denotes that you will be found out while using dishonorable means to consummate a seemingly honorable purpose. To escape by one, indicates that you will fall into a trouble whose toils will hold you unmercifully close. To look through a window when passing and strange objects appear, foretells that you will fail in your chosen avocation and lose the respect for which you risked health and contentment. Wine. To dream of drinking wine, forebodes joy and consequent friendships. To dream of breaking bottles of wine, foretells that your love and passion will border on excess. To see barrels of wine, prognosticates great luxury. To pour it from one vessel into another, signifies that your enjoyments will be varied and you will journey to many notable places. To dream of dealing in wine denotes that your occupation will be remunerative. For a young woman to dream of drinking wine, indicates she will marry a wealthy gentleman, but withal honorable. Wine-cellar. To dream of a wine-cellar, foretells superior amusements or pleasure will come in your way, to be disposed of at your bidding. Wine-glass. To dream of a wine-glass, foretells that a disappointment will affect you seriously, as you will fail to see anything pleasing until shocked into the realization of trouble. Wings. To dream that you have wings, foretells that you will experience grave fears for the safety of some one gone on a long journey away from you. To see the wings of fowls or birds, denotes that you will finally overcome adversity and rise to wealthy degrees and honor. Winter. To dream of winter, is a prognostication of ill-health and dreary prospects for the favorable progress of fortune. After this dream your efforts will not yield satisfactory results. Wire. To dream of wire, denotes that you will make frequent but short journeys which will be to your disparagement. Old or rusty wire, signifies that you will be possessed of a bad temper, which will give troubles to your kindred. To see a wire fence in your dreams, foretells that you will be cheated in some trade you have in view. Wisdom. To dream you are possessed of wisdom, signifies your spirit will be brave under trying circumstances, and you will be able to overcome these trials and rise to prosperous living. If you think you lack wisdom, it implies you are wasting your native talents. Witch. To dream of witches, denotes that you, with others, will seek adventures which will afford hilarious enjoyment, but it will eventually rebound to your mortification. Business will suffer prostration if witches advance upon you, home affairs may be disappointing. Witness. To dream that you bear witness against others, signifies you will have great oppression through slight causes. If others bear witness against you, you will be compelled to refuse favors to friends in order to protect your own interest. If you are a witness for a guilty person, you will be implicated in a shameful affair. Wizard. To dream of a wizard, denotes you are going to have a big family, which will cause you much inconvenience as well as displeasure. For young people, this dream implies loss and broken engagements. Wolf. To dream of a wolf, shows that you have a thieving person in your employ, who will also betray secrets. To kill one, denotes that you will defeat sly enemies who seek to overshadow you with disgrace. To hear the howl of a wolf, discovers to you a secret alliance to defeat you in honest competition. Women. To dream of women, foreshadows intrigue. To argue with one, foretells that you will be outwitted and foiled. To see a dark-haired woman with blue eyes and a pug nose, definitely determines your withdrawal from a race in which you stood a showing for victory. If she has brown eyes and a Roman nose, you will be cajoled into a dangerous speculation. If she has auburn hair with this combination, it adds to your perplexity and anxiety. If she is a blonde, you will find that all your engagements will be pleasant and favorable to your inclinations. Wooden Shoe. To dream of a wooden shoe, is significant of lonely wanderings and penniless circumstances. Those in love will suffer from unfaithfulness. Woods. To dream of woods, brings a natural change in your affairs. If the woods appear green, the change will be lucky. If stripped of verdure, it will prove calamitous. To see woods on fire, denotes that your plans will reach satisfactory maturity. Prosperity will beam with favor upon you. To dream that you deal in firewood, denotes that you will win fortune by determined struggle. Wood-pile. To dream of a wood-pile, denotes unsatisfactory business and misunderstandings in love. Wool. To dream of wool, is a pleasing sign of prosperous opportunities to expand your interests. To see soiled, or dirty wool, foretells that you will seek employment with those who detest your principles. Work. To dream that you are hard at work, denotes that you will win merited success by concentration of energy. To see others at work, denotes that hopeful conditions will surround you. To look for work, means that you will be benefited by some unaccountable occurrence. Work house. To dream that you are in a workhouse denotes that some event will work you harm and loss. See Prison. Workshop. To see workshops in your dreams, foretells that you will use extraordinary schemes to undermine your enemies. Worms. To dream of worms, denotes that you will be oppressed by the low intriguing of disreputable persons. For a young woman to dream they crawl on her, foretells that her aspirations will always tend to the material. If she kills or throws them off, she will shake loose from the material lethargy and seek to live in morality and spirituality. To use them in your dreams as fish bait, foretells that by your ingenuity you will use your enemies to good advantage. Wound. To dream that you are wounded, signals distress and an unfavorable turn in business. To see others wounded, denotes that injustice will be accorded you by your friends. To relieve or dress a wound, signifies that you will have occasion to congratulate yourself on your good fortune. Wreath. To dream that you see a wreath of fresh flowers, denotes that great opportunities for enriching yourself will soon present themselves before you. A withered wreath bears sickness and wounded love. To see a bridal wreath, foretells a happy ending to uncertain engagements. Wrecks. To see a wreck in your dream, foretells that you will be harassed with fears of destitution or sudden failure in business. See other like words. Writing. To dream that you are writing, foretells that you will make a mistake which will almost prove your undoing. To see writing, denotes that you will be upbraided for your careless conduct and a lawsuit may cause you embarrassment. To try to read strange writing, signifies that you will escape enemies only by making no new speculation after this dream. See Letters. Y. The Prophet that hath a dream let him tell a dream.Jer. XXIII., 28. Yacht. To see a yacht in a dream, denotes happy recreation away from business and troublesome encumbrances. A stranded one, represents miscarriage of entertaining engagements. Yankee. To dream of a Yankee, foretells that you will remain loyal and true to your promise and duty, but if you are not careful you will be outwitted in some transaction. Yard Stick. To dream of a yard stick, foretells much anxiety will possess you, though your affairs assume unusual activity. Yarn. To dream of yarn, denotes success in your business and an industrious companion in your home. For a young woman to dream that she works with yarn, foretells that she will be proudly recognized by a worthy man as his wife. Yawning. If you yawn in your dreams, you will search in vain for health and contentment. To see others yawning, foretells that you will see some of your friends in a miserable state. Sickness will prevent them from their usual labors. Yearn. To feel in a dream that you are yearning for the presence of anyone, denotes that you will soon hear comforting tidings from your absent friends. For a young woman to think her lover is yearning for her, she will have the pleasure of soon hearing some one making a long-wished-for proposal. If she lets him know that she is yearning for him, she will be left alone and her longings will grow apace. Yellow Bird. To see a yellow bird flitting about in your dreams, foretells that some great event will cast a sickening fear of the future around you. To see it sick or dead, foretells that you will suffer for anothers wild folly. Yew Tree. To dream of a yew tree, is a forerunner of illness and disappointment. If a young woman sits under one, she will have many fears to rend her over her fortune and the faithfulness of her lover. If she sees her lover standing by one, she may expect to hear of his illness, or misfortune. To admire one, she will estrange herself from her relatives by a mesalliance. To visit a yew tree and find it dead and stripped of its foliage, predicts a sad death in your family. Property will not console for this loss. Yield. To dream you yield to anothers wishes, denotes that you will throw away by weak indecision a great opportunity to elevate yourself. If others yield to you, exclusive privileges will be accorded you and you will be elevated above your associates. To receive poor yield for your labors, you may expect cares and worries. Yoke. To dream of seeing a yoke, denotes that you will unwillingly conform to the customs and wishes of others. To yoke oxen in your dreams, signifies that your judgment and counsels will be accepted submissively by those dependent upon you. To fail to yoke them, you will be anxious over some prodigal friend. Young. To dream of seeing young people, is a prognostication of reconciliation of family disagreements and favorable times for planning new enterprises. To dream that you are young again, foretells that you will make mighty efforts to recall lost opportunities, but will nevertheless fail. For a mother to see her son an infant or small child again, foretells that old wounds will be healed and she will take on her youthful hopes and cheerfulness. If the child seems to be dying, she will fall into ill fortune and misery will attend her. To see the young in school, foretells that prosperity and usefulness will envelope you with favors. Yule Log. To dream of a yule log, foretells that your joyous anticipations will be realized by your attendance at great festivities. Z. Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifying me through visions; so that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life. Job xvii.,14-15. Zebra. To dream of a zebra, denotes that you will be interested in varying and fleeting enterprises. To see one wild in his native country, foretells that you will pursue a chimerical fancy which will return you unsatisfactory pleasure upon possession. Zenith. To dream of the zenith, foretells elaborate prosperity, and your choice of suitors will be successful. Zephyr. To dream of soft zephyrs, denotes that you will sacrifice fortune to obtain the object of your affection and will find reciprocal affection in your wooing. If a young woman dreams that she is saddened by the whisperings of the zephyrs, she will have a season of disquietude by the compelled absence of her lover. Zinc. To work with or to see zinc in your dreams, indicates substantial and energetic progress. Business will assume a brisk tone in its varying departments. To dream of zinc ore promises the approach of eventful success. Zodiac. To dream of the zodiac is a prognostication of unparalleled rise in material worth, but also indicates alloyed peace and happiness. To see it appearing weird, denotes that some untoward grief is hovering over you and it will take strenuous efforts to dispell it. To study the zodiac in your dreams, denotes that you will gain distinction and favor by your intercourse with strangers. If you approach it or it approaches you, foretells that you will succeed in your speculations to the wonderment of others and beyond your wildest imagination. To draw a map of it, signifies future gain. Zoological Garden. To dream of visiting zoological gardens, denotes that you will have a varied fortune. Sometimes it seems that enemies will overpower you and again you stand in the front rank of success. You will also gain knowledge by travel and sojourn in foreign countries.

The Art of the Moving Picture, as it appeared six years ago, possessed among many elements of beauty at least one peculiarity. It viewed art as a reality, and one of our most familiar and popular realities as an art. This should have made the book either a revelation or utter Greek to most of us, and those who read it probably dropped it easily into one or the other of the two categories. For myself, long a propagandist for its doctrines in another but related field, the book came as a great solace. In it I found, not an appeal to have the art museum used which would have been an old though welcome story not this, but much to my surprise, the art museum actually at work, one of the very wheels on which our culture rolled forward upon its hopeful way. I saw among other museums the one whose destinies I was tenderly guiding, playing in Lindsay's book the part that is played by the classic myths in Milton, or by the dictionary in the writings of the rest of us. For once the museum and its contents appeared, not as a lovely curiosity, but as one of the basic, and in a sense humble necessities of life. To paraphrase the author's own text, the art museum, like the furniture in a good movie, was actually "in motion" a character in the play. On this point of view as on a pivot turns the whole book. In The Art of the Moving Picture the nature and domain of a new Muse is defined. She is the first legitimate addition to the family since classic times. And as it required trained painters of pictures like Fulton and Morse to visualize the possibility of the steamboat and the telegraph, so the bold seer who perceived the true nature of this new star in our nightly heavens, it should here be recorded, acquired much of the vision of his seeing eye through an early training in art. Vachel Lindsay as he himself proudly asserts was a student at the Institute in Chicago for four years, spent one more at the League and at Chase's in New York, and for four more haunted the Metropolitan Museum, lecturing to his fellows on every art there shown from the Egyptian to that of Arthur B. Davies. Only such a background as this could have evolved the conception of "Architecture, sculpture, and painting in motion" and given authenticity to its presentation. The validity of Lindsay's analysis is attested by Freeburg's helpful characterization, "Composition in fluid forms," which it seems to have suggested. To Lindsay's category one would be tempted to add, "pattern in motion," applying it to such a film as the "Caligari" which he and I have seen together and discussed during these past few days. Pattern in this connection would imply an emphasis on the intrinsic suggestion of the spot and shape apart from their immediate relation to the appearance of natural objects. But this is a digression. It simply serves to show the breadth and adaptability of Lindsay's method. The book was written for a visual-minded public and for those who would be its leaders. A long, long line of picture-readers trailing from the dawn of history, stimulated all the masterpieces of pictorial art from Altamira to Michelangelo. For less than five centuries now Gutenberg has had them scurrying to learn their A, B, C's, but they are drifting back to their old ways again, and nightly are forming themselves in cues at the doorways of the "Isis," the "Tivoli," and the "Riviera," the while it is sadly noted that "'the pictures' are driving literature off the parlor table." With the creative implications of this new pictorial art, with the whole visual-minded race clamoring for more, what may we not dream in the way of a new renaissance? How are we to step in to the possession of such a destiny? Are the institutions with a purely literary theory of life going to meet the need? Are the art schools and the art museums making themselves ready to assimilate a new art form? Or what is the type of institution that will ultimately take the position of leadership in culture through this new universal instrument? What possibilities lie in this art, once it is understood and developed, to plant new conceptions of civic and national idealism? How far may it go in cultivating concerted emotion in the now ungoverned crowd? Such questions as these can be answered only by minds with the imagination to see art as a reality; with faith to visualize for the little mid-western "home town" a new and living Pallas Athena; with courage to raze the very houses of the city to make new and greater forums and "civic centres." For ourselves in Denver, we shall try to do justice to the new Muse. In the museum which we build we shall provide a shrine for her. We shall first endeavor by those simple means which lie to our hands, to know the areas of charm and imagination which remain as yet an untilled field of her domain. Plowing is a simple art, but it requires much sweat. This at least we know to the expenditure we cheerfully consent. So much for the beginning. It would be boastful to describe plans to keep pace with the enlarging of the motion picture field before a real beginning is made. But with youth in its favor, the Denver Art Museum hopes yet to see this art set in its rightful place with painting, sculpture, architecture, and the handicrafts hopes yet to be an instrument in the great work of making this art real as those others are being even now made real, to the expanding vision of an eager people. GEORGE WILLIAM EGGERS Director The Denver Art Association DENVER, COLORADO, New Year's Day, 1922. BOOK I THE GENERAL PHOTOPLAY SITUATION IN AMERICA, JANUARY 1, 1922 Especially as Viewed from the Heights of the Civic Centre at Denver, Colorado, and the Denver Art Museum, Which Is to Be a Leading Feature of This Civic Centre In the second chapter of book two, on page 8, the theoretical outline begins, with a discussion of the Photoplay of Action. I put there on record the first crude commercial films that in any way establish the principle. There can never be but one first of anything, and if the negatives of these films survive the shrinking and the warping that comes with time, they will still be, in a certain sense, classic, and ten years hence or two years hence will still be better remembered than any films of the current releases, which come on like newspapers, and as George Ade says: "Nothing is so dead as yesterday's newspaper." But the first newspapers, and the first imprints of Addison's Spectator, and the first Almanacs of Benjamin Franklin, and the first broadside ballads and the like, are ever collected and remembered. And the lists of films given in books two and three of this work are the only critical and carefully sorted lists of the early motion pictures that I happen to know anything about. I hope to be corrected if I am too boastful, but I boast that my lists must be referred to by all those who desire to study these experiments in their beginnings. So I let them remain, as still vivid in the memory of all true lovers of the photoplay who have watched its growth, fascinated from the first. But I would add to the list of Action Films of chapter two the recent popular example, Douglas Fairbanks in The Three Musketeers. That is perhaps the most literal "Chase-Picture" that was ever really successful in the commercial world. The story is cut to one episode. The whole task of the four famous swordsmen of Dumas is to get the Queen's token that is in the hands of Buckingham in England, and return with it to Paris in time for the great ball. It is one long race with the Cardinal's guards who are at last left behind. It is the same plot as Reynard the Fox, John Masefield's poem Reynard successfully eluding the huntsmen and the dogs. If that poem is ever put on in an Art Museum film, it will have to be staged like one of Æsop's Fables, with a _man_ acting the Fox, for the children's delight. And I earnestly urge all who would understand the deeper significance of the "chase-picture" or the "Action Picture" to give more thought to Masefield's poem than to Fairbanks' marvellous acting in the school of the younger Salvini. The Mood of the _intimate photoplay_, chapter three, still remains indicated in the current films by the acting of Lillian Gish and Mary Pickford, when they are not roused up by their directors to turn handsprings to keep the people staring. Mary Pickford in particular has been stimulated to be over-athletic, and in all her career she has been given just one chance to be her more delicate self, and that was in the almost forgotten film: A Romance of the Redwoods. This is one of the serious commercial attempts that should be revived and studied, in spite of its crudities of plot, by our Art Museums. There is something of the grandeur of the redwoods in it, in contrast to the sustained Botticelli grace of "Our Mary." I am the one poet who has a right to claim for his muses Blanche Sweet, Mary Pickford, and Mae Marsh. I am the one poet who wrote them songs when they were Biograph heroines, before their names were put on the screen, or the name of their director. Woman's clubs are always asking me for bits of delicious gossip about myself to fill up literary essays. Now there's a bit. There are two things to be said for those poems. First, they were heartfelt. Second, any one could improve on them. In the fourth chapter of book two I discourse elaborately and formally on The Motion Picture of Fairy Splendor. And to this carefully balanced technical discourse I would add the informal word, this New Year's Day, that this type is best illustrated by such fairy-tales as have been most ingratiatingly retold in the books of Padraic Colum, and dazzlingly illustrated by Willy Pogany. The Colum-Pogany School of Thought is one which the commercial producers have not yet condescended to illustrate in celluloid, and it remains a special province for the Art Museum Film. Fairy-tales need not be more than one-tenth of a reel long. Some of the best fairy-tales in the whole history of man can be told in a breath. And the best motion picture story for fifty years may turn out to be a reel ten minutes long. Do not let the length of the commercial film tyrannize over your mind, O young art museum photoplay director. Remember the brevity of Lincoln's Gettysburg address.... And so my commentary, New Year's Day, 1922, proceeds, using for points of more and more extensive departure the refrains and old catch-phrases of books two and three. The Picture of Crowd Splendor, being the type illustrated by Griffith's Intolerance. The Picture of Patriotic Splendor, which was illustrated by all the War Films, the one most recently approved and accepted by the public being The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. The Picture of Religious Splendor, which has no examples, that remain in the memory with any sharpness in 1922, except The Faith Healer, founded on the play by William Vaughn Moody, the poet, with much of the directing and scenario by Mrs. William Vaughn Moody, and a more talked-of commercial film, The Miracle Man. But not until the religious film is taken out of the commercial field, and allowed to develop unhampered under the Church and the Art Museum, will the splendid religious and ritualistic opportunity be realized. Sculpture-in-Motion, being a continuation of the argument of chapter two. The Photoplay of Action. Like the Action Film, this aspect of composition is much better understood by the commercial people than some other sides of the art. Some of the best of the William S. Hart productions show appreciation of this quality by the director, the photographer, and the public. Not only is the man but the horse allowed to be moving bronze, and not mere cowboy pasteboard. Many of the pictures of Charles Ray make the hero quite a bronze-looking sculpturesque person, despite his yokel raiment. Painting-in-Motion, being a continuation on a higher terrace of chapter three, The Intimate Photoplay. Charlie Chaplin has intimate and painter's qualities in his acting, and he makes himself into a painting or an etching in the midst of furious slapstick. But he has been in no films that were themselves paintings. The argument of this chapter has been carried much further in Freeburg's book, The Art of Photoplay Making. Chapter X Furniture, Trappings, and Inventions in Motion, being a continuation of the chapter on Fairy Splendor. In this field we find one of the worst failures of the commercial films, and their utterly unimaginative corporation promoters. Again I must refer them to such fairy books as those of Padraic Colum, where neither sword nor wing nor boat is found to move, except for a fairy reason. I have just returned this very afternoon from a special showing of the famous imported film, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Some of the earnest spirits of the Denver Art Association, finding it was in storage in the town, had it privately brought forth to study it with reference to its bearing on their new policies. What influence it will have in that most vital group, time will show. Meanwhile it is a marvellous illustration of the meaning of this chapter and the chapter on Fairy Splendor, though it is a diabolical not a beneficent vitality that is given to inanimate things. The furniture, trappings, and inventions are in motion to express the haunted mind, as in Griffith's Avenging Conscience, described pages 121 through 132. The two should be shown together in the same afternoon, in the Art Museum study rooms. Caligari is undoubtedly the most important imported film since that work of D'Annunzio, Cabiria, described pages 55 through 57. But it is the opposite type of film. Cabiria is all out-doors and splendor on the Mediterranean scale. In general, imported films do not concern Americans, for we have now a vast range of technique. All we lack is the sense to use it. The cabinet of Caligari is indeed a cabinet, and the feeling of being in a cell, and smothered by all the oppressions of a weary mind, does not desert the spectator for a minute. The play is more important, technically, than in its subject-matter and mood. It proves in a hundred new ways the resources of the film in making all the inanimate things which, on the spoken stage, cannot act at all, the leading actors in the films. But they need not necessarily act to a diabolical end. An angel could have as well been brought from the cabinet as a murderous somnambulist, and every act of his could have been a work of beneficence and health and healing. I could not help but think that the ancient miracle play of the resurrection of Osiris could have been acted out with similar simple means, with a mummy case and great sarcophagus. The wings of Isis and Nephthys could have been spread over the sky instead of the oppressive walls of the crooked city. Lights instead of shadows could have been made actors and real hieroglyphic inscriptions instead of scrawls. As it was, the alleged insane man was more sensible than most motion picture directors, for his scenery acted with him, and not according to accident or silly formula. I make these points as an antidote to the general description of this production by those who praise it. They speak of the scenery as grotesque, strained, and experimental, and the plot as sinister. But this does not get to the root of the matter. There is rather the implication in most of the criticisms and praises that the scenery is abstract. Quite the contrary is the case. Indoors looks like indoors. Streets are always streets, roofs are always roofs. The actors do not move about in a kind of crazy geometry as I was led to believe. The scenery is oppressive, but sane, and the obsession is for the most part expressed in the acting and plot. The fair looks like a fair and the library looks like a library. There is nothing experimental about any of the setting, nothing unconsidered or strained or over-considered. It seems experimental because it is thrown into contrast with extreme commercial formulas in the regular line of the "movie trade." But compare The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari with a book of Rackham or Du Lac or Dürer, or Rembrandt's etchings, and Dr. Caligari is more realistic. And Eggers insists the whole film is replete with suggestions of the work of Pieter Breughel, the painter. Hundreds of indoor stories will be along such lines, once the merely commercial motive is eliminated, and the artist is set free. This film is an extraordinary variation of the intimate, as expounded in chapter three. It is drawing-in-motion, instead of painting-in-motion. Because it was drawing instead of painting, literary-minded people stepped to the hasty conclusion it was experimental. Half-tone effects are, for the most part, eliminated. Line is dominant everywhere. It is the opposite of vast conceptions like Theodora which are architecture-in-motion. All the architecture of the Caligari film seems pasteboard. The whole thing happens in a cabinet. It is the most overwhelming contrast to Griffith's Intolerance that could be in any way imagined. It contains, one may say, all the effects left out of Intolerance. The word cabinet is a quadruple pun. Not only does it mean a mystery box and a box holding a somnambulist, but a kind of treasury of tiny twisted thoughts. There is not one line or conception in it on the grand scale, or even the grandiose. It is a devil's toy-house. One feels like a mouse in a mouse-trap so small one cannot turn around. In Intolerance, Griffith hurls nation at nation, race at race, century against century, and his camera is not only a telescope across the plains of Babylon, but across the ages. Griffith is, in Intolerance, the ungrammatical Byron of the films, but certainly as magnificent as Byron, and since he is the first of his kind I, for one, am willing to name him with Marlowe. But for technical study for Art Schools, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is more profitable. It shows how masterpieces can be made, with the second-hand furniture of any attic. But I hope fairy-tales, not diabolical stories, will come from these attics. Fairy-tales are inherent in the genius of the motion picture and are a thousand times hinted at in the commercial films, though the commercial films are not willing to stop to tell them. Lillian Gish could be given wings and a wand if she only had directors and scenario writers who believed in fairies. And the same can most heartily be said of Mae Marsh. Chapter XI Architecture-in-Motion, being a continuation of the argument about the Splendor Pictures, in chapters five, six, and seven. This is an element constantly re-illustrated in a magnificent but fragmentary way by the News Films. Any picture of a seagull flying so close to the camera that it becomes as large as a flying machine, or any flying machine made by man and photographed in epic flight captures the eye because it is architecture and in motion, motion which is the mysterious fourth dimension of its grace and glory. So likewise, and in kind, any picture of a tossing ship. The most superb example of architecture-in-motion in the commercial history of the films is the march of the moving war-towers against the walls of Babylon in Griffith's Intolerance. But Griffith is the only person so far who has known how to put a fighting soul into a moving tower. The only real war that has occurred in the films with the world's greatest war going on outside was Griffith's War Against Babylon. The rest was news. Chapter XII Thirty Differences between the Photoplays and the Stage. The argument of the whole of the 1915 edition has been accepted by the studios, the motion picture magazines, and the daily motion picture columns throughout the land. I have read hundreds of editorials and magazines, and scarcely one that differed from it in theory. Most of them read like paraphrases of this work. And of all arguments made, the one in this chapter is the one oftenest accepted in its entirety. The people who dominate the films are obviously those who grew up with them from the very beginning, and the merely stage actors who rushed in with the highest tide of prosperity now have to take second rank if they remain in the films. But most of these have gone back to the stage by this time, with their managers as well, and certainly this chapter is abundantly proved out. Chapter XIII Hieroglyphics. One of the implications of this chapter and the one preceding is that the fewer words printed on the screen the better, and that the ideal film has no words printed on it at all, but is one unbroken sheet of photography. This is admitted in theory in all the studios now, though the only film of the kind ever produced of general popular success was The Old Swimmin' Hole, acted by Charles Ray. If I remember, there was not one word on the screen, after the cast of characters was given. The whole story was clearly and beautifully told by Photoplay Hieroglyphics. For this feature alone, despite many defects of the film, it should be studied in every art school in America. Meanwhile "Title writing" remains a commercial necessity. In this field there is but one person who has won distinction Anita Loos. She is one of the four or five important and thoroughly artistic brains in the photoplay game. Among them is the distinguished John Emerson. In combination with John Emerson, director, producer, etc., she has done so many other things well, her talents as a title writer are incidental, but certainly to be mentioned in this place. The outline we are discussing continues through _Book III More Personal Speculations and Afterthoughts Not Brought Forward so Dogmatically_. Chapter XIV The Orchestra, Conversation, and the Censorship. In this chapter, on page 189, I suggest suppressing the orchestra entirely and encouraging the audience to talk about the film. No photoplay people have risen to contradict this theory, but it is a chapter that once caused me great embarrassment. With Christopher Morley, the well-known author of Shandygaff and other temperance literature, I was trying to prove out this chapter. As soon as the orchestra stopped, while the show rolled on in glory, I talked about the main points in this book, illustrating it by the film before us. Almost everything that happened was a happy illustration of my ideas. But there were two shop girls in front of us awfully in love with a certain second-rate actor who insisted on kissing the heroine every so often, and with her apparent approval. Every time we talked about that those shop girls glared at us as though we were robbing them of their time and money. Finally one of them dragged the other out into the aisle, and dashed out of the house with her dear chum, saying, so all could hear: "Well, come on, Terasa, we might as well go, if these two talking _pests_ are going to keep this up behind us." The poor girl's voice trembled. She was in tears. She was gone before we could apologize or offer flowers. So I say in applying this chapter, in our present stage of civilization, sit on the front seat, where no one can hear your whisperings but Mary Pickford on the screen. She is but a shadow there, and will not mind. Chapter XV The Substitute for the Saloon. I leave this argument as a monument, just as it was written, in 1914 and '15. It indicates a certain power of forecasting on the part of the writer. We drys have certainly won a great victory. Some of the photoplay people agree with this temperance sermon, and some of them do not. The wets make one mistake above all. They do not realize that the drys can still keep on voting dry, with intense conviction, and great battle cries, and still have a sense of humor. Chapter XVI California and America. This chapter was quoted and paraphrased almost bodily as the preface to my volume of verses, The Golden Whales of California. "I Know All This When Gipsy Fiddles Cry," a song of some length recently published in the New Republic and the London Nation, further expresses the sentiment of this chapter in what I hope is a fraternal way, and I hope suggests the day when California will have power over India, Asia, and all the world, and plant giant redwood trees of the spirit the world around. Chapter XVII Progress and Endowment. I allow this discourse, also, to stand as written in 1914 and '15. It shows the condition just before the war, better than any new words of mine could do it. The main change now is the growing hope of a backing, not only from Universities, but great Art Museums. Chapter XVIII Architects as Crusaders. The sermon in this chapter has been carried out on a limited scale, and as a result of the suggestion, or from pure American instinct, we now have handsome gasoline filling stations from one end of America to the other, and really gorgeous Ford garages. Our Union depots and our magazine stands in the leading hotels, and our big Soda fountains are more and more attractive all the time. Having recited of late about twice around the United States and, continuing the pilgrimage, I can testify that they are all alike from New York to San Francisco. One has to ask the hotel clerk to find out whether it is New York or . And the motion picture discipline of the American eye has had a deal to do with this increasing tendency to news-stand and architectural standardization and architectural thinking, such as it is. But I meant this suggestion to go further, and to be taken in a higher sense, so I ask these people to read this chapter again. I have carried out the idea, in a parable, perhaps more clearly in The Golden Book of Springfield, when I speak of the World's Fair of the University of Springfield, to be built one hundred years hence. And I would recommend to those who have already taken seriously chapter eighteen, to reread it in two towns, amply worth the car fare it costs to go to both of them. First, Santa Fe, New Mexico, at the end of the Santa Fe Trail, the oldest city in the United States, the richest in living traditions, and with the oldest and the newest architecture in the United States; not a stone or a stick of it standardized, a city with a soul, Jerusalem and Mecca and Benares and Thebes for any artist or any poet of America's future, or any one who would dream of great cities born of great architectural photoplays, or great photoplays born of great cities. And the other city, symbolized by The Golden Rain Tree in The Golden Book of Springfield, is New Harmony, Indiana. That was the Greenwich Village of America more than one hundred years ago, when it was yet in the heart of the wilderness, millions of miles from the sea. It has a tradition already as dusty and wonderful as Abydos and Gem Aten. And every stone is still eloquent of individualism, and standardization has not yet set its foot there. Is it not possible for the architects to brood in such places and then say to one another: "Build from your hearts buildings and films which shall be your individual Hieroglyphics, each according to his own loves and fancies?" Chapter XIX On Coming Forth by Day. This is the second Egyptian chapter. It has its direct relation to the Hieroglyphic chapter, page 171. I note that I say here it costs a dime to go to the show. Well, now it costs around thirty cents to go to a good show in a respectable suburb, sometimes fifty cents. But we will let that dime remain there, as a matter of historic interest, and pass on, to higher themes. Certainly the Hieroglyphic chapter is in words of one syllable and any kindergarten teacher can understand it. Chapter nineteen adds a bit to the idea. I do not know how warranted I am in displaying Egyptian learning. Newspaper reporters never tire of getting me to talk about hieroglyphics in their relation to the photoplays, and always give me respectful headlines on the theme. I can only say that up to this hour, every time I have toured art museums, I have begun with the Egyptian exhibit, and if my patient guest was willing, lectured on every period on to the present time, giving a little time to the principal exhibits in each room, but I have always found myself returning to Egypt as a standard. It seems my natural classic land of art. So when I took up hieroglyphics more seriously last summer, I found them extraordinarily easy as though I were looking at a "movie" in a book. I think Egyptian picture-writing came easy because I have analyzed so many hundreds of photoplay films, merely for recreation, and the same style of composition is in both. Any child who reads one can read the other. But of course the literal translation must be there at hand to correct all wrong guesses. I figure that in just one thousand years I can read hieroglyphics without a pony. But meanwhile, I tour museums and I ride Pharaoh's "horse," and suggest to all photoplay enthusiasts they do the same. I recommend these two books most heartily: Elementary Egyptian Grammar, by Margaret A. Murray, London, Bernard Quaritch, 11 Grafton Street, Bond Street, W., and the three volumes of the Book of the Dead, which are, indeed, the Papyrus of Ani, referred to in this chapter, pages 255-258. It is edited, translated, and reproduced in fac-simile by the keeper of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the British Museum, Professor E.A. Wallis Budge; published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, and Philip Lee Warner, London. This book is certainly the greatest motion picture I ever attended. I have gone through it several times, and it is the only book one can read twelve hours at a stretch, on the Pullman, when he is making thirty-six hour and forty-eight hour jumps from town to town. American civilization grows more hieroglyphic every day. The cartoons of Darling, the advertisements in the back of the magazines and on the bill-boards and in the street-cars, the acres of photographs in the Sunday newspapers, make us into a hieroglyphic civilization far nearer to Egypt than to England. Let us then accept for our classic land, for our standard of form, the country naturally our own. Hieroglyphics are so much nearer to the American mood than the rest of the Egyptian legacy, that Americans seldom get as far as the Hieroglyphics to discover how congenial they are. Seeing the mummies, good Americans flee. But there is not a man in America writing advertisements or making cartoons or films but would find delightful the standard books of Hieroglyphics sent out by the British Museum, once he gave them a chance. They represent that very aspect of visual life which Europe understands so little in America, and which has been expanding so enormously even the last year. Hallowe'en, for instance, lasts a whole week now, with mummers on the streets every night, October 25-31. Chapter XX The Prophet-Wizard. Who do we mean by The Prophet-Wizard? We mean not only artists, such as are named in this chapter, but dreamers and workers like Johnny Appleseed, or Abraham Lincoln. The best account of Johnny Appleseed is in Harper's Monthly for November, 1871. People do not know Abraham Lincoln till they have visited the grave of Anne Rutledge, at Petersburg, Illinois, then New Old Salem a mile away. New Old Salem is a prophet's hill, on the edge of the Sangamon, with lovely woods all around. Here a brooding soul could be born, and here the dreamer Abraham Lincoln spent his real youth. I do not call him a dreamer in a cheap and sentimental effort to describe a man of aspiration. Lincoln told and interpreted his visions like Joseph and Daniel in the Old Testament, revealing them to the members of his cabinet, in great trials of the Civil War. People who do not see visions and dream dreams in the good Old Testament sense have no right to leadership in America. I would prefer photoplays filled with such visions and oracles to the state papers written by "practical men." As it is, we are ruled indirectly by photoplays owned and controlled by men who should be in the shoe-string and hook-and-eye trade. Apparently their digestions are good, they are in excellent health, and they keep out of jail. Chapter XXI The Acceptable Year of the Lord. If I may be pardoned for referring again to the same book, I assumed, in The Golden Book of Springfield, Illinois, that the Acceptable Year of the Lord would come for my city beginning November 1, 2018, and that up to that time, amid much of joy, there would also be much of thwarting and tribulation. But in the beginning of that mystic November, the Soul of My City, named Avanel, would become as much a part of the city as Pallas Athena was Athens, and indeed I wrote into the book much of the spirit of the photoplay outlined, pages 147 through 150. But in The Golden Book I changed the lady the city worshipped from a golden image into a living, breathing young girl, descendant of that great American, Daniel Boone, and her name, obviously, Avanel Boone. With her tribe she incarnates all the mystic ideals of the Boones of Kentucky. All this but a prelude to saying that I have just passed through the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is a Santa Fe full of the glory of the New Architecture of which I have spoken, and the issuing of a book of cowboy songs collected, and many of them written, by N. Howard Thorp, a citizen of Santa Fe, and thrilling with the issuing of a book of poems about the Glory of New Mexico. This book is called Red Earth. It is by Alice Corbin Henderson. And Santa Fe is full of the glory of a magnificent State Capitol that is an art gallery of the whole southwest, and the glories of the studio of William Penhallow Henderson, who has painted our New Arabia more splendidly than it was ever painted before, with the real character thereof, and no theatricals. This is just the kind of a town I hoped for when I wrote my first draft of The Art of the Moving Picture. Here now is literature and art. When they become one art as of old in Egypt, we will have New Mexico Hieroglyphics from the Hendersons and their kind, and their surrounding Indian pupils, a basis for the American Motion Picture more acceptable, and more patriotic, and more organic for us than the Egyptian. And I come the same month to Denver, and find a New Art Museum projected, which I hope has much indeed to do with the Acceptable Year of the Lord, when films as vital as the Santa Fe songs and pictures and architecture can be made, and in common spirit with them, in this New Arabia. George W. Eggers, the director of the newly projected Denver Art Museum, assures me that a photoplay policy can be formulated, amid the problems of such an all around undertaking as building a great Art Museum in Denver. He expects to give the photoplay the attention a new art deserves, especially when it affects almost every person in the whole country. So I prophesy Denver to be the Museum and Art-school capital of New Arabia, as Santa Fe is the artistic, architectural, and song capital at this hour. And I hope it may become the motion picture capital of America from the standpoint of pure art, not manufacture. What do I mean by New Arabia? When I was in London in the fall of 1920 the editor of The Landmark, the organ of The English Speaking Union, asked me to draw my map of the United States. I marked out the various regions under various names. For instance I called the coast states, Washington, Oregon, and California, New Italy. The reasons may be found in the chapter in this book on California. Then I named the states just west of the Middle West, and east of New Italy, New Arabia. These states are New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. These are the states which carry the Rocky Mountains north toward the Aurora Borealis, and south toward the tropics. Here individualism, Andrew Jacksonism, will forever prevail, and American standardization can never prevail. In cabins that cannot be reached by automobile and deserts that cannot be crossed by boulevards, the John the Baptists, the hermits and the prophets can strengthen their souls. Here are lonely places as sweet for the spirit as was little old New Salem, Illinois, one hundred years ago, or the wilderness in which walked Johnny Appleseed. Now it is the independence of Spirit of this New Arabia that I hope the Denver Art Museum can interpret in its photoplay films, and send them on circuits to the Art Museums springing up all over America, where sculpture, architecture, and painting are now constantly sent on circuit. Let that already established convention the "circuit-exhibition" be applied to this new art. And after Denver has shown the way, I devoutly hope that Great City of Los Angeles may follow her example. Consider, O Great City of Los Angeles, now almost the equal of New York in power and splendor, consider what it would do for the souls of all your film artists if you projected just such a museum as Denver is now projecting. Your fate is coming toward you. Denver is halfway between Chicago, with the greatest art institute in the country, and Los Angeles, the natural capital of the photoplay. The art museums of America should rule the universities, and the photoplay studios as well. In the art museums should be set the final standards of civic life, rather than in any musty libraries or routine classrooms. And the great weapon of the art museums of all the land should be the hieroglyphic of the future, the truly artistic photoplay. And now for book two, at length. It is a detailed analysis of the films, first proclaimed in 1915, and never challenged or overthrown, and, for the most part, accepted intact by the photoplay people, and the critics and the theorists, as well. While there is a great deal of literary reference in all the following argument, I realize, looking back over many attempts to paraphrase it for various audiences, that its appeal is to those who spend the best part of their student life in classifying, and judging, and producing works of sculpture, painting, and architecture. I find the eyes of all others wandering when I make talks upon the plastic artist's point of view. This book tries to find that fourth dimension of architecture, painting, and sculpture, which is the human soul in action, that arrow with wings which is the flash of fire from the film, or the heart of man, or Pygmalion's image, when it becomes a woman. The 1915 edition was used by Victor O. Freeburg as one of the text-books in the Columbia University School of Journalism, in his classes in photoplay writing. I was invited several times to address those classes on my yearly visits to New York. I have addressed many other academic classes, the invitation being based on this book. Now I realize that those who approach the theory from the general University standpoint, or from the history of the drama, had best begin with Freeburg's book, for he is not only learned in both matters, but presents the special analogies with skill. Freeburg has an excellent education in the history of music, and some of the happiest passages in his work relate the photoplay to the musical theory of the world, as my book relates it to the general Art Museum point of view of the world. Emphatically, my book belongs in the Art Institutes as a beginning, or in such religious and civic bodies as think architecturally. From there it must work its way out. Of course those bodies touch on a thousand others. The work is being used as one basis of the campaign for the New Denver Art Museum, and I like to tell the story of how George W. Eggers of Denver first began to apply the book when the Director of the Art Institute, Chicago, that it may not seem to the merely University type of mind a work of lost abstractions. One of the most gratifying recognitions I ever received was the invitation to talk on the films in Fullerton Hall, Chicago Art Institute. Then there came invitations to speak at Chicago University, and before the Fortnightly Club, Chicago, all around 1916-17. One difficulty was getting the film to _prove_ my case from out the commercial whirl. I talked at these three and other places, but hardly knew how to go about crossing the commercial bridge. At last, with the cooperation of Director Eggers, we staged, in the sacred precincts of Fullerton Hall, Mae Marsh in The Wild Girl of the Sierras. The film was in battered condition, and was turned so fast I could not talk with it satisfactorily and fulfil the well-known principles of chapter fourteen. But at least I had converted one Art Institute Director to the idea that an ex-student of the Institute could not only write a book about painting-in-motion, but the painting could be shown in an Art Museum as promise of greater things in this world. It took a deal of will and breaking of precedent, on the part of all concerned, to show this film, The Wild Girl of the Sierras, and I retired from the field a long time. But now this same Eggers is starting, in Denver, an Art Museum from its very foundations, but on the same constructive scale. So this enterprise, in my fond and fatuous fancy, is associated with the sweet Mae Marsh as The Wild Girl of the Sierras one of the loveliest bits of poetry ever put into screen or fable. For about one year, off and on, I had the honor to be the photoplay critic of The New Republic, this invitation also based on the first edition of this book. Looking back upon that experience I am delighted to affirm that not only The New Republic constituency but the world of the college and the university where I moved at that time, while at loss for a policy, were not only willing but eager to take the films with seriousness. But when I was through with all these dashes into the field, and went back to reciting verses again, no one had given me any light as to who should make the disinterested, non-commercial film for these immediate times, the film that would class, in our civilization, with The New Republic or The Atlantic Monthly or the poems of Edwin Arlington Robinson. That is, the production not for the trade, but for the soul. Anita Loos, that good crusader, came out several years ago with the flaming announcement that there was now hope, since a school of films had been heavily endowed for the University of Rochester. The school was to be largely devoted to producing music for the photoplay, in defiance of chapter fourteen. But incidentally there were to be motion pictures made to fit good music. Neither music nor films have as yet shaken the world. I liked this Rochester idea. I felt that once it was started the films would take their proper place and dominate the project, disinterested non-commercial films to be classed with the dramas so well stimulated by the great drama department under Professor Baker of Harvard. As I look back over this history I see that the printed page had counted too much, and the real forces of the visible arts in America had not been definitely enlisted. They should take the lead. I would suggest as the three people to interview first on building any Art Museum Photoplay project: Victor Freeburg, with his long experience of teaching the subject in Columbia, and John Emerson and Anita Loos, who are as brainy as people dare to be and still remain in the department store film business. No three people would more welcome opportunities to outline the idealistic possibilities of this future art. And a well-known American painter was talking to me of a midnight scolding Charlie Chaplin gave to some Los Angeles producer, in a little restaurant, preaching the really beautiful film, and denouncing commerce like a member of Coxey's illustrious army. And I have heard rumors from all sides that Charlie Chaplin has a soul. He is the comedian most often proclaimed an artist by the fastidious, and most often forgiven for his slapstick. He is praised for a kind of O. Henry double meaning to his antics. He is said to be like one of O. Henry's misquotations of the classics. He looks to me like that artist Edgar Poe, if Poe had been obliged to make millions laugh. I do not like Chaplin's work, but I have to admit the good intentions and the enviable laurels. Let all the Art Museums invite him in, as tentative adviser, if not a chastened performer. Let him be given as good a chance as Mae Marsh was given by Eggers in Fullerton Hall. Only let him come in person, not in film, till we hear him speak, and consider his suggestions, and make sure he has eaten of the mystic Amaranth Apples of Johnny Appleseed. Let us assume, friendly reader, that it is eight o'clock in the evening when you make yourself comfortable in your den, to peruse this chapter. I want to tell you about the Action Film, the simplest, the type most often seen. In the mind of the habitué of the cheaper theatre it is the only sort in existence. It dominates the slums, is announced there by red and green posters of the melodrama sort, and retains its original elements, more deftly handled, in places more expensive. The story goes at the highest possible speed to be still credible. When it is a poor thing, which is the case too often, the St. Vitus dance destroys the pleasure-value. The rhythmic quality of the picture-motions is twitched to death. In the bad photoplay even the picture of an express train more than exaggerates itself. Yet when the photoplay chooses to behave it can reproduce a race far more joyously than the stage. On that fact is based the opportunity of this form. Many Action Pictures are indoors, but the abstract theory of the Action Film is based on the out-of-door chase. You remember the first one you saw where the policeman pursues the comical tramp over hill and dale and across the town lots. You remember that other where the cowboy follows the horse thief across the desert, spies him at last and chases him faster, faster, faster, and faster, and finally catches him. If the film was made in the days before the National Board of Censorship, it ends with the cowboy cheerfully hanging the villain; all details given to the last kick of the deceased. One of the best Action Pictures is an old Griffith Biograph, recently reissued, the story entitled "Man's Genesis." In the time when cave-men-gorillas had no weapons, Weak-Hands impersonated by Robert Harron invents the stone club. He vanquishes his gorilla-like rival, Brute-Force impersonated by Wilfred Lucas. Strange but credible manners and customs of the cave-men are detailed. They live in picturesque caves. Their half-monkey gestures are wonderful to see. But these things are beheld on the fly. It is the chronicle of a race between the brain of Weak-Hands and the body of the other, symbolized by the chasing of poor Weak-Hands in and out among the rocks until the climax. Brain desperately triumphs. Weak-Hands slays Brute-Force with the startling invention. He wins back his stolen bride, Lily-White impersonated by Mae Marsh. It is a Griffith masterpiece, and every actor does sound work. The audience, mechanical Americans, fond of crawling on their stomachs to tinker their automobiles, are eager over the evolution of the first weapon from a stick to a hammer. They are as full of curiosity as they could well be over the history of Langley or the Wright brothers. The dire perils of the motion pictures provoke the ingenuity of the audience, not their passionate sympathy. When, in the minds of the deluded producers, the beholders should be weeping or sighing with desire, they are prophesying the next step to one another in worldly George Ade slang. This is illustrated in another good Action Photoplay: the dramatization of The Spoilers. The original novel was written by Rex Beach. The gallant William Farnum as Glenister dominates the play. He has excellent support. Their team-work makes them worthy of chronicle: Thomas Santschi as McNamara, Kathlyn Williams as Cherry Malotte, Bessie Eyton as Helen Chester, Frank Clark as Dextry, Wheeler Oakman as Bronco Kid, and Jack McDonald as Slapjack. There are, in The Spoilers, inspiriting ocean scenes and mountain views. There are interesting sketches of mining-camp manners and customs. There is a well-acted love-interest in it, and the element of the comradeship of loyal pals. But the chase rushes past these things to the climax, as in a policeman picture it whirls past blossoming gardens and front lawns till the tramp is arrested. The difficulties are commented on by the people in the audience as rah-rah boys on the side lines comment on hurdles cleared or knocked over by the men running in college field-day. The sudden cut-backs into side branches of the story are but hurdles also, not plot complications in the stage sense. This is as it should be. The pursuit progresses without St. Vitus dance or hysteria to the end of the film. There the spoilers are discomfited, the gold mine is recaptured, the incidental girls are won, in a flash, by the rightful owners. These shows work like the express elevators in the Metropolitan Tower. The ideal is the maximum of speed in descending or ascending, not to be jolted into insensibility. There are two girl parts as beautifully thought out as the parts of ladies in love can be expected to be in Action Films. But in the end the love is not much more romantic in the eye of the spectator than it would be to behold a man on a motorcycle with the girl of his choice riding on the same machine behind him. And the highest type of Action Picture romance is not attained by having Juliet triumph over the motorcycle handicap. It is not achieved by weaving in a Sherlock Holmes plot. Action Picture romance comes when each hurdle is a tableau, when there is indeed an art-gallery-beauty in each one of these swift glimpses: when it is a race, but with a proper and golden-linked grace from action to action, and the goal is the most beautiful glimpse in the whole reel. In the Action Picture there is no adequate means for the development of any full grown personal passion. The distinguished character-study that makes genuine the personal emotions in the legitimate drama, has no chance. People are but types, swiftly moved chessmen. More elaborate discourse on this subject may be found in chapter twelve on the differences between the films and the stage. But here, briefly: the Action Pictures are falsely advertised as having heart-interest, or abounding in tragedy. But though the actors glower and wrestle and even if they are the most skilful lambasters in the profession, the audience gossips and chews gum. Why does the audience keep coming to this type of photoplay if neither lust, love, hate, nor hunger is adequately conveyed? Simply because such spectacles gratify the incipient or rampant speed-mania in every American. To make the elevator go faster than the one in the Metropolitan Tower is to destroy even this emotion. To elaborate unduly any of the agonies or seductions in the hope of arousing lust, love, hate, or hunger, is to produce on the screen a series of misplaced figures of the order Frankenstein. How often we have been horrified by these galvanized and ogling corpses. These are the things that cause the outcry for more censors. It is not that our moral codes are insulted, but what is far worse, our nervous systems are temporarily racked to pieces. These wriggling half-dead men, these over-bloody burglars, are public nuisances, no worse and no better than dead cats being hurled about by street urchins. The cry for more censors is but the cry for the man with the broom. Sometimes it is a matter as simple as when a child is scratching with a pin on a slate. While one would not have the child locked up by the chief of police, after five minutes of it almost every one wants to smack him till his little jaws ache. It is the very cold-bloodedness of the proceeding that ruins our kindness of heart. And the best Action Film is impersonal and unsympathetic even if it has no scratching pins. Because it is cold-blooded it must take extra pains to be tactful. Cold-blooded means that the hero as we see him on the screen is a variety of amiable or violent ghost. Nothing makes his lack of human charm plainer than when we as audience enter the theatre at the middle of what purports to be the most passionate of scenes when the goal of the chase is unknown to us and the alleged "situation" appeals on its magnetic merits. Here is neither the psychic telepathy of Forbes Robertson's Cæsar, nor the fire-breath of E.H. Sothern's Don Quixote. The audience is not worked up into the deadly still mob-unity of the speaking theatre. We late comers wait for the whole reel to start over and the goal to be indicated in the preliminary, before we can get the least bit wrought up. The prize may be a lady's heart, the restoration of a lost reputation, or the ownership of the patent for a churn. In the more effective Action Plays it is often what would be secondary on the stage, the recovery of a certain glove, spade, bull-calf, or rock-quarry. And to begin, we are shown a clean-cut picture of said glove, spade, bull-calf, or rock-quarry. Then when these disappear from ownership or sight, the suspense continues till they are again visible on the screen in the hands of the rightful owner. In brief, the actors hurry through what would be tremendous passions on the stage to recover something that can be really photographed. For instance, there came to our town long ago a film of a fight between Federals and Confederates, with the loss of many lives, all for the recapture of a steam-engine that took on more personality in the end than private or general on either side, alive or dead. It was based on the history of the very engine photographed, or else that engine was given in replica. The old locomotive was full of character and humor amidst the tragedy, leaking steam at every orifice. The original is in one of the Southern Civil War museums. This engine in its capacity as a principal actor is going to be referred to more than several times in this work. The highest type of Action Picture gives us neither the quality of Macbeth or Henry Fifth, the Comedy of Errors, or the Taming of the Shrew. It gives us rather that fine and special quality that was in the ink-bottle of Robert Louis Stevenson, that brought about the limitations and the nobility of the stories of Kidnapped, Treasure Island, and the New Arabian Nights. This discussion will be resumed on another plane in the eighth chapter: Sculpture-in-Motion. Having read thus far, why not close the book and go round the corner to a photoplay theatre? Give the preference to the cheapest one. _The Action Picture will be inevitable. Since this chapter was written, Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks have given complete department store examples of the method, especially Chaplin in the brilliantly constructed Shoulder Arms, and Fairbanks in his one great piece of acting, in The Three Musketeers. Let us take for our platform this sentence: THE MOTION PICTURE ART IS A GREAT HIGH ART, NOT A PROCESS OF COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE. The people I hope to convince of this are 1 The great art museums of America, including the people who support them in any way, the people who give the current exhibitions there or attend them, the art school students in the corridors below coming on in the same field; 2 the departments of English, of the history of the drama, of the practice of the drama, and the history and practice of "art" in that amazingly long list of our colleges and universities to be found, for instance, in the World Almanac; 3 the critical and literary world generally. Somewhere in this enormous field, piled with endowments mountain high, it should be possible to establish the theory and practice of the photoplay as a fine art. Readers who do not care for the history of any art, readers who have neither curiosity nor aspiration in regard to any of the ten or eleven muses who now dance around Apollo, such shabby readers had best lay the book down now. Shabby readers do not like great issues. My poor little sermon is concerned with a great issue, the clearing of the way for a critical standard, whereby the ultimate photoplay may be judged. I cannot teach office-boys ways to make "quick money" in the "movies." That seems to be the delicately implied purpose of the mass of books on the photoplay subject. They are, indeed, a sickening array. Freeburg's book is one of the noble exceptions. And I have paid tribute elsewhere to John Emerson and Anita Loos. They have written a crusading book, and many crusading articles. After five years of exceedingly lonely art study, in which I had always specialized in museum exhibits, prowling around like a lost dog, I began to intensify my museum study, and at the same time shout about what I was discovering. From nineteen hundred and five on I did orate my opinions to a group of advanced students. We assembled weekly for several winters in the Metropolitan Museum, New York, for the discussion of the masterpieces in historic order, from Egypt to America. From that standpoint, the work least often found, hardest to make, least popular in the street, may be in the end the one most treasured in a world-museum as a counsellor and stimulus of mankind. Throughout this book I try to bring to bear the same simple standards of form, composition, mood, and motive that we used in finding the fundamental exhibits; the standards which are taken for granted in art histories and schools, radical or conservative, anywhere. Again we assume it is eight o'clock in the evening, friend reader, when the chapter begins. Just as the Action Picture has its photographic basis or fundamental metaphor in the long chase down the highway, so the Intimate Film has its photographic basis in the fact that any photoplay interior has a very small ground plan, and the cosiest of enclosing walls. Many a worth-while scene is acted out in a space no bigger than that which is occupied by an office boy's stool and hat. If there is a table in this room, it is often so near it is half out of the picture or perhaps it is against the front line of the triangular ground-plan. Only the top of the table is seen, and nothing close up to us is pictured below that. We in the audience are privileged characters. Generally attending the show in bunches of two or three, we are members of the household on the screen. Sometimes we are sitting on the near side of the family board. Or we are gossiping whispering neighbors, of the shoemaker, we will say, with our noses pressed against the pane of a metaphoric window. Take for contrast the old-fashioned stage production showing the room and work table of a shoemaker. As it were the whole side of the house has been removed. The shop is as big as a banquet hall. There is something essentially false in what we see, no matter how the stage manager fills in with old boxes, broken chairs, and the like. But the photoplay interior is the size such a work-room should be. And there the awl and pegs and bits of leather, speaking the silent language of picture writing, can be clearly shown. They are sometimes like the engine in chapter two, the principal actors. Though the Intimate-and-friendly Photoplay may be carried out of doors to the row of loafers in front of the country store, or the gossiping streets of the village, it takes its origin and theory from the snugness of the interior. The restless reader replies that he has seen photoplays that showed ballrooms that were grandiose, not the least cosy. These are to be classed as out-of-door scenery so far as theory goes, and are to be discussed under the head of Splendor Pictures. Masses of human beings pour by like waves, the personalities of none made plain. The only definite people are the hero and heroine in the foreground, and maybe one other. Though these three be in ball-costume, the little triangle they occupy next to the camera is in sort an interior, while the impersonal guests behind them conform to the pageant principles of out-of-doors, and the dancers are to the main actor as is the wind-shaken forest to the charcoal-burner, or the bending grain to the reaper. The Intimate Motion Picture is the world's new medium for studying, not the great passions, such as black hate, transcendent love, devouring ambition, but rather the half relaxed or gently restrained moods of human creatures. It gives also our idiosyncrasies. It is gossip _in extremis_. It is apt to chronicle our petty little skirmishes, rather than our feuds. In it Colin Clout and his comrades return. The Intimate Photoplay should not crowd its characters. It should not choke itself trying to dramatize the whole big bloody plot of Lorna Doone, or any other novel with a dozen leading people. Yet some gentle episode from the John Ridd farm, some half-chapter when Lorna and the Doones are almost forgotten, would be fitting. Let the duck-yard be parading its best, and Annie among the milk-pails, her work for the evening well nigh done. The Vicar of Wakefield has his place in this form. The Intimate-and-friendly Motion Picture might very well give humorous moments in the lives of the great, King Alfred burning the cakes, and other legendary incidents of him. Plato's writings give us glimpses of Socrates, in between the long dialogues. And there are intimate scraps in Plutarch. Prospective author-producer, do you remember Landor's Imaginary Conversations, and Lang's Letters to Dead Authors? Can you not attain to that informal understanding in pictorial delineations of such people? The photoplay has been unjust to itself in comedies. The late John Bunny's important place in my memory comes from the first picture in which I saw him. It is a story of high life below stairs. The hero is the butler at a governor's reception. John Bunny's work as this man is a delightful piece of acting. The servants are growing tipsier downstairs, but the more afraid of the chief functionary every time he appears, frozen into sobriety by his glance. At the last moment this god of the basement catches them at their worst and gives them a condescending but forgiving smile. The lid comes off completely. He himself has been imbibing. His surviving dignity in waiting on the governor's guests is worthy of the stage of Goldsmith and Sheridan. This film should be reissued in time as a Bunny memorial. So far as my experience has gone, the best of the comedians is Sidney Drew. He could shine in the atmosphere of Pride and Prejudice or Cranford. But the best things I have seen of his are far from such. I beg the pardon of Miss Jane Austen and Mrs. Gaskell while I mention Who's Who in Hogg's Hollow, and A Regiment of Two. Over these I rejoiced like a yokel with a pocketful of butterscotch and peanuts. The opportunities to laugh on a higher plane than this, to laugh like Olympians, are seldom given us in this world. The most successful motion picture drama of the intimate type ever placed before mine eyes was Enoch Arden, produced by Cabanne. Lillian Gish takes the part of Annie, Alfred Paget impersonates Enoch Arden, and Wallace Reid takes the part of Philip Ray. The play is in four reels of twenty minutes each. It should have been made into three reels by shortening every scene just a bit. Otherwise it is satisfying, and I and my friends have watched it through many times as it has returned to Springfield. The mood of the original poem is approximated. The story is told with fireside friendliness. The pale Lillian Gish surrounded by happy children gives us many a genre painting on the theme of domesticity. It is a photographic rendering in many ways as fastidious as Tennyson's versification. The scenes on the desert island are some of them commonplace. The shipwreck and the like remind one of other photoplays, but the rest of the production has a mood of its own. Seen several months ago it fills my eye-imagination and eye-memory more than that particular piece of Tennyson's fills word-imagination and word-memory. Perhaps this is because it is pleasing to me as a theorist. It is a sound example of the type of film to which this chapter is devoted. If you cannot get your local manager to bring Enoch Arden, reread that poem of Tennyson's and translate it in your own mind's eye into a gallery of six hundred delicately toned photographs hung in logical order, most of them cosy interior scenes, some of the faces five feet from chin to forehead in the more personal episodes, yet exquisitely fair. Fill in the out-of-door scenes and general gatherings with the appointments of an idyllic English fisher-village, and you will get an approximate conception of what we mean by the Intimate-and-friendly Motion Picture, or the Intimate Picture, as I generally call it, for convenience. It is a quality, not a defect, of all photoplays that human beings tend to become dolls and mechanisms, and dolls and mechanisms tend to become human. But the haughty, who scorn the moving pictures, cannot rid themselves of the feeling that they are being seduced into going into some sort of a Punch-and-Judy show. And they think that of course one should not take seriously anything so cheap in price and so appealing to the cross-roads taste. But it is very well to begin in the Punch-and-Judy-show state of mind, and reconcile ourselves to it, and then like good democrats await discoveries. Punch and Judy is the simplest form of marionette performance, and the marionette has a place in every street in history just as the dolls' house has its corner in every palace and cottage. The French in particular have had their great periods of puppet shows; and the Italian tradition survived in America's Little Italy, in New York for many a day; and I will mention in passing that one of Pavlowa's unforgettable dance dramas is The Fairy Doll. Prospective author-producer, why not spend a deal of energy on the photoplay successors of the puppet-plays? We have the queen of the marionettes already, without the play. One description of the Intimate-and-friendly Comedy would be the Mary Pickford kind of a story. None has as yet appeared. But we know the Mary Pickford mood. When it is gentlest, most roguish, most exalted, it is a prophecy of what this type should be, not only in the actress, but in the scenario and setting. Mary Pickford can be a doll, a village belle, or a church angel. Her powers as a doll are hinted at in the title of the production: Such a Little Queen. I remember her when she was a village belle in that film that came out before producers or actors were known by name. It was sugar-sweet. It was called: What the Daisy Said. If these productions had conformed to their titles sincerely, with the highest photoplay art we would have had two more examples for this chapter. Why do the people love Mary? Not on account of the Daniel Frohman style of handling her appearances. He presents her to us in what are almost the old-fashioned stage terms: the productions energetic and full of painstaking detail but dominated by a dream that is a theatrical hybrid. It is neither good moving picture nor good stage play. Yet Mary could be cast as a cloudy Olympian or a church angel if her managers wanted her to be such. She herself was transfigured in the Dawn of Tomorrow, but the film-version of that play was merely a well mounted melodrama. Why do the people love Mary? Because of a certain aspect of her face in her highest mood. Botticelli painted her portrait many centuries ago when by some necromancy she appeared to him in this phase of herself. There is in the Chicago Art Institute at the top of the stairs on the north wall a noble copy of a fresco by that painter, the copy by Mrs. MacMonnies. It is very near the Winged Victory of Samothrace. In the picture the muses sit enthroned. The loveliest of them all is a startling replica of Mary. The people are hungry for this fine and spiritual thing that Botticelli painted in the faces of his muses and heavenly creatures. Because the mob catch the very glimpse of it in Mary's face, they follow her night after night in the films. They are never quite satisfied with the plays, because the managers are not artists enough to know they should sometimes put her into sacred pictures and not have her always the village hoyden, in plays not even hoydenish. But perhaps in this argument I have but betrayed myself as Mary's infatuated partisan. So let there be recorded here the name of another actress who is always in the intimate-and-friendly mood and adapted to close-up interiors, Marguerite Clark. She is endowed by nature to act, in the same film, the eight-year-old village pet, the irrepressible sixteen-year-old, and finally the shining bride of twenty. But no production in which she acts that has happened to come under my eye has done justice to these possibilities. The transitions from one of these stages to the other are not marked by the producer with sufficient delicate graduation, emphasis, and contrast. Her plots have been but sugared nonsense, or swashbuckling ups and downs. She shines in a bevy of girls. She has sometimes been given the bevy. But it is easier to find performers who fit this chapter, than to find films. Having read so far, it is probably not quite nine o'clock in the evening. Go around the corner to the nearest theatre. You will not be apt to find a pure example of the Intimate-and-friendly Moving Picture, but some one or two scenes will make plain the intent of the phrase. Imagine the most winsome tableau that passes before you, extended logically through one or three reels, with no melodramatic interruptions or awful smashes. For a further discussion of these smashes, and other items in this chapter, read the ninth chapter, entitled "Painting-in-Motion." Again, kind reader, let us assume it is eight o'clock in the evening, for purposes of future climax which you no doubt anticipate. Just as the Action Motion Picture has its photographic basis in the race down the high-road, just as the Intimate Motion Picture has its photographic basis in the close-up interior scene, so the Photoplay of Splendor, in its four forms, is based on the fact that the kinetoscope can take in the most varied of out-of-door landscapes. It can reproduce fairy dells. It can give every ripple of the lily-pond. It can show us cathedrals within and without. It can take in the panorama of cyclopæan cloud, bending forest, storm-hung mountain. In like manner it can put on the screen great impersonal mobs of men. It can give us tremendous armies, moving as oceans move. The pictures of Fairy Splendor, Crowd Splendor, Patriotic Splendor, and Religious Splendor are but the embodiments of these backgrounds. And a photographic corollary quite useful in these four forms is that the camera has a kind of Hallowe'en witch-power. This power is the subject of this chapter. The world-old legends and revelations of men in connection with the lovely out of doors, or lonely shrines, or derived from inspired crusading humanity moving in masses, can now be fitly retold. Also the fairy wand can do its work, the little dryad can come from the tree. And the spirits that guard the Republic can be seen walking on the clouds above the harvest-fields. But we are concerned with the humblest voodooism at present. Perhaps the world's oldest motion picture plot is a tale in Mother Goose. It ends somewhat in this fashion: The old lady said to the cat: "Cat, cat, kill rat. Rat will not gnaw rope, Rope will not hang butcher, Butcher will not kill ox, Ox will not drink water, Water will not quench fire, Fire will not burn stick, Stick will not beat dog, Dog will not bite pig, Pig will not jump over the stile, And I cannot get home to-night." By some means the present writer does not remember, the cat was persuaded to approach the rat. The rest was like a tale of European diplomacy: The rat began to gnaw the rope, The rope began to hang the butcher, The butcher began to kill the ox, The ox began to drink the water, The water began to quench the fire, The fire began to burn the stick, The stick began to beat the dog, The dog began to bite the pig, The frightened little pig jumped over the stile, And the old lady was able to get home that night. Put yourself back to the state of mind in which you enjoyed this bit of verse. Though the photoplay fairy-tale may rise to exquisite heights, it begins with pictures akin to this rhyme. Mankind in his childhood has always wanted his furniture to do such things. Arthur names his blade Excalibur. It becomes a person. The man in the Arabian tale speaks to the magic carpet. It carries him whithersoever he desires. This yearning for personality in furniture begins to be crudely worked upon in the so-called trick-scenes. The typical commercialized comedy of this sort is Moving Day. Lyman H. Howe, among many excellent reels of a different kind, has films allied to Moving Day. But let us examine at this point, as even more typical, an old Pathé Film from France. The representatives of the moving-firm are sent for. They appear in the middle of the room with an astonishing jump. They are told that this household desires to have its goods and hearthstone gods transplanted two streets east. The agents salute. They disappear. Yet their wireless orders are obeyed with a military crispness. The books and newspapers climb out of the window. They go soberly down the street. In their wake are the dishes from the table. Then the more delicate porcelains climb down the shelves and follow. Then follow the hobble-de-hoy kitchen dishes, then the chairs, then the clothing, and the carpets from over the house. The most joyous and curious spectacle is to behold the shoes walking down the boulevard, from father's large boots to those of the youngest child. They form a complete satire of the family, yet have a masterful air of their own, as though they were the most important part of a human being. The new apartment is shown. Everything enters in procession. In contrast to the general certainty of the rest, one or two pieces of furniture grow confused trying to find their places. A plate, in leaping upon a high shelf, misses and falls broken. The broom and dustpan sweep up the pieces, and consign them to the dustbin. Then the human family comes in, delighted to find everything in order. The moving agents appear and salute. They are paid their fee. They salute again and disappear with another gigantic leap. The ability to do this kind of a thing is fundamental in the destinies of the art. Yet this resource is neglected because its special province is not understood. "People do not like to be tricked," the manager says. Certainly they become tired of mere contraptions. But they never grow weary of imagination. There is possible many a highly imaginative fairy-tale on this basis if we revert to the sound principles of the story of the old lady and the pig. Moving Day is at present too crassly material. It has not the touch of the creative imagination. We are overwhelmed with a whole van of furniture. Now the mechanical or non-human object, beginning with the engine in the second chapter, is apt to be the hero in most any sort of photoplay while the producer remains utterly unconscious of the fact. Why not face this idiosyncrasy of the camera and make the non-human object the hero indeed? Not by filling the story with ropes, buckets, fire-brands, and sticks, but by having these four unique. Make the fire the loveliest of torches, the water the most graceful of springs. Let the rope be the humorist. Let the stick be the outstanding hero, the D'Artagnan of the group, full of queer gestures and hoppings about. Let him be both polite and obdurate. Finally let him beat the dog most heroically. * * * * * Then, after the purely trick-picture is disciplined till it has fewer tricks, and those more human and yet more fanciful, the producer can move on up into the higher realms of the fairy-tale, carrying with him this riper workmanship. Mabel Taliaferro's Cinderella, seen long ago, is the best film fairy-tale the present writer remembers. It has more of the fireside wonder-spirit and Hallowe'en-witch-spirit than the Cinderella of Mary Pickford. There is a Japanese actor, Sessue Hayakawa, who takes the leading part with Blanche Sweet in The Clew, and is the hero in the film version of The Typhoon. He looks like all the actors in the old Japanese prints. He has a general dramatic equipment which enables him to force through the stubborn screen such stagy plays as these, that are more worth while in the speaking theatre. But he has that atmosphere of pictorial romance which would make him a valuable man for the retelling of the old Japanese legends of Kwannon and other tales that are rich, unused moving picture material, tales such as have been hinted at in the gleaming English of Lafcadio Hearn. The Japanese genius is eminently pictorial. Rightly viewed, every Japanese screen or bit of lacquer is from the Ancient Asia Columbus set sail to find. It would be a noble thing if American experts in the Japanese principles of decoration, of the school of Arthur W. Dow, should tell stories of old Japan with the assistance of such men as Sessue Hayakawa. Such things go further than peace treaties. Dooming a talent like that of Mr. Hayakawa to the task of interpreting the Japanese spy does not conduce to accord with Japan, however the technique may move us to admiration. Let such of us as are at peace get together, and tell the tales of our happy childhood to one another. This chapter is ended. You will of course expect to be exhorted to visit some photoplay emporium. But you need not look for fairy-tales. They are much harder to find than they should be. But you can observe even in the advertisements and cartoons the technical elements of the story of the old lady and the pig. And you can note several other things that show how much more quickly than on the stage the borderline of All Saints' Day and Hallowe'en can be crossed. Note how easily memories are called up, and appear in the midst of the room. In any plays whatever, you will find these apparitions and recollections. The dullest hero is given glorious visualizing power. Note the "fadeaway" at the beginning and the end of the reel, whereby all things emerge from the twilight and sink back into the twilight at last. These are some of the indestructible least common denominators of folk stories old and new. When skilfully used, they can all exercise a power over the audience, such as the crystal has over the crystal-gazer. But this discussion will be resumed, on another plane, in the tenth chapter: "Furniture, Trappings, and Inventions in Motion." Henceforth the reader will use his discretion as to when he will read the chapter and when he will go to the picture show to verify it. The shoddiest silent drama may contain noble views of the sea. This part is almost sure to be good. It is a fundamental resource. A special development of this aptitude in the hands of an expert gives the sea of humanity, not metaphorically but literally: the whirling of dancers in ballrooms, handkerchief-waving masses of people in balconies, hat-waving political ratification meetings, ragged glowering strikers, and gossiping, dickering people in the marketplace. Only Griffith and his close disciples can do these as well as almost any manager can reproduce the ocean. Yet the sea of humanity is dramatically blood-brother to the Pacific, Atlantic, or Mediterranean. It takes this new invention, the kinetoscope, to bring us these panoramic drama-elements. By the law of compensation, while the motion picture is shallow in showing private passion, it is powerful in conveying the passions of masses of men. Bernard Shaw, in a recent number of the Metropolitan, answered several questions in regard to the photoplay. Here are two bits from his discourse: "Strike the dialogue from Molière's Tartuffe, and what audience would bear its mere stage-business? Imagine the scene in which Iago poisons Othello's mind against Desdemona, conveyed in dumb show. What becomes of the difference between Shakespeare and Sheridan Knowles in the film? Or between Shakespeare's Lear and any one else's Lear? No, it seems to me that all the interest lies in the new opening for the mass of dramatic talent formerly disabled by incidental deficiencies of one sort or another that do not matter in the picture-theatre...." "Failures of the spoken drama may become the stars of the picture palace. And there are the authors with imagination, visualization and first-rate verbal gifts who can write novels and epics, but cannot for the life of them write plays. Well, the film lends itself admirably to the succession of events proper to narrative and epic, but physically impracticable on the stage. Paradise Lost would make a far better film than Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman, though Borkman is a dramatic masterpiece, and Milton could not write an effective play." Note in especial what Shaw says about narrative, epic, and Paradise Lost. He has in mind, no doubt, the pouring hosts of demons and angels. This is one kind of a Crowd Picture. There is another sort to be seen where George Beban impersonates The Italian in a film of that title, by Thomas H. Ince and G. Gardener Sullivan. The first part, taken ostensibly in Venice, delineates the festival spirit of the people on the bridges and in gondolas. It gives out the atmosphere of town-crowd happiness. Then comes the vineyard, the crowd sentiment of a merry grape-harvest, then the massed emotion of many people embarking on an Atlantic liner telling good-by to their kindred on the piers, then the drama of arrival in New York. The wonder of the steerage people pouring down their proper gangway is contrasted with the conventional at-home-ness of the first-class passengers above. Then we behold the seething human cauldron of the East Side, then the jolly little wedding-dance, then the life of the East Side, from the policeman to the peanut-man, and including the bar tender, for the crowd is treated on two separate occasions. It is hot weather. The mobs of children follow the ice-wagon for chips of ice. They besiege the fountain-end of the street-sprinkling wagon quite closely, rejoicing to have their clothes soaked. They gather round the fire-plug that is turned on for their benefit, and again become wet as drowned rats. Passing through these crowds are George Beban and Clara Williams as The Italian and his sweetheart. They owe the force of their acting to the fact that they express each mass of humanity in turn. Their child is born. It does not flourish. It represents in an acuter way another phase of the same child-struggle with the heat that the gamins indicate in their pursuit of the water-cart. Then a deeper matter. The hero represents in a fashion the adventures of the whole Italian race coming to America: its natural southern gayety set in contrast to the drab East Side. The gondolier becomes boot-black. The grape-gathering peasant girl becomes the suffering slum mother. They are not specialized characters like Pendennis or Becky Sharp in the Novels of Thackeray. Omitting the last episode, the entrance into the house of Corrigan, The Italian is a strong piece of work. Another kind of Crowd Picture is The Battle, an old Griffith Biograph, first issued in 1911, before Griffith's name or that of any actor in films was advertised. Blanche Sweet is the leading lady, and Charles H. West the leading man. The psychology of a bevy of village lovers is conveyed in a lively sweet-hearting dance. Then the boy and his comrades go forth to war. The lines pass between hand-waving crowds of friends from the entire neighborhood. These friends give the sense of patriotism in mass. Then as the consequence of this feeling, as the special agents to express it, the soldiers are in battle. By the fortunes of war the onset is unexpectedly near to the house where once was the dance. The boy is at first a coward. He enters the old familiar door. He appeals to the girl to hide him, and for the time breaks her heart. He goes forth a fugitive not only from battle, but from her terrible girlish anger. But later he rallies. He brings a train of powder wagons through fires built in his path by the enemy's scouts. He loses every one of his men, and all but the last wagon, which he drives himself. His return with that ammunition saves the hard-fought day. And through all this, glimpses of the battle are given with a splendor that only Griffith has attained. Blanche Sweet stands as the representative of the bevy of girls in the house of the dance, and the whole body social of the village. How the costumes flash and the handkerchiefs wave around her! In the battle the hero represents the cowardice that all the men are resisting within themselves. When he returns, he is the incarnation of the hardihood they have all hoped to display. Only the girl knows he was first a failure. The wounded general honors him as the hero above all. Now she is radiant, she cannot help but be triumphant, though the side of the house is blown out by a shell and the dying are everywhere. This one-reel work of art has been reissued of late by the Biograph Company. It should be kept in the libraries of the Universities as a standard. One-reel films are unfortunate in this sense that in order to see a favorite the student must wait through five other reels of a mixed programme that usually is bad. That is the reason one-reel masterpieces seldom appear now. The producer in a mood to make a special effort wants to feel that he has the entire evening, and that nothing before or after is going to be a bore or destroy the impression. So at present the painstaking films are apt to be five or six reels of twenty minutes each. These have the advantage that if they please at all, one can see them again at once without sitting through irrelevant slapstick work put there to fill out the time. But now, having the whole evening to work in, the producer takes too much time for his good ideas. I shall reiterate throughout this work the necessity for restraint. A one hour programme is long enough for any one. If the observer is pleased, he will sit it through again and take another hour. There is not a good film in the world but is the better for being seen in immediate succession to itself. Six-reel programmes are a weariness to the flesh. The best of the old one-reel Biographs of Griffith contained more in twenty minutes than these ambitious incontinent six-reel displays give us in two hours. It would pay a manager to hang out a sign: "This show is only twenty minutes long, but it is Griffith's great film 'The Battle.'" But I am digressing. To continue the contrast between private passion in the theatre and crowd-passion in the photoplay, let us turn to Shaw again. Consider his illustration of Iago, Othello, and Lear. These parts, as he implies, would fall flat in motion pictures. The minor situations of dramatic intensity might in many cases be built up. The crisis would inevitably fail. Iago and Othello and Lear, whatever their offices in their governments, are essentially private persons, individuals _in extremis_. If you go to a motion picture and feel yourself suddenly gripped by the highest dramatic tension, as on the old stage, and reflect afterward that it was a fight between only two or three men in a room otherwise empty, stop to analyze what they stood for. They were probably representatives of groups or races that had been pursuing each other earlier in the film. Otherwise the conflict, however violent, appealed mainly to the sense of speed. So, in The Birth of a Nation, which could better be called The Overthrow of Negro Rule, the Ku Klux Klan dashes down the road as powerfully as Niagara pours over the cliff. Finally the white girl Elsie Stoneman impersonated by Lillian Gish is rescued by the Ku Klux Klan from the mulatto politician, Silas Lynch impersonated by George Seigmann. The lady is brought forward as a typical helpless white maiden. The white leader, Col. Ben Cameron impersonated by Henry B. Walthall, enters not as an individual, but as representing the whole Anglo-Saxon Niagara. He has the mask of the Ku Klux Klan on his face till the crisis has passed. The wrath of the Southerner against the blacks and their Northern organizers has been piled up through many previous scenes. As a result this rescue is a real climax, something the photoplays that trace strictly personal hatreds cannot achieve. The Birth of a Nation is a Crowd Picture in a triple sense. On the films, as in the audience, it turns the crowd into a mob that is either for or against the Reverend Thomas Dixon's poisonous hatred of the negro. Griffith is a chameleon in interpreting his authors. Wherever the scenario shows traces of The Clansman, the original book, by Thomas Dixon, it is bad. Wherever it is unadulterated Griffith, which is half the time, it is good. The Reverend Thomas Dixon is a rather stagy Simon Legree: in his avowed views a deal like the gentleman with the spiritual hydrophobia in the latter end of Uncle Tom's Cabin. Unconsciously Mr. Dixon has done his best to prove that Legree was not a fictitious character. * * * * * Joel Chandler Harris, Harry Stillwell Edwards, George W. Cable, Thomas Nelson Page, James Lane Allen, and Mark Twain are Southern men in Mr. Griffith's class. I recommend their works to him as a better basis for future Southern scenarios. The Birth of a Nation has been very properly denounced for its Simon Legree qualities by Francis Hackett, Jane Addams, and others. But it is still true that it is a wonder in its Griffith sections. In its handling of masses of men it further illustrates the principles that made notable the old one-reel Battle film described in the beginning of this chapter. The Battle in the end is greater, because of its self-possession and concentration: all packed into twenty minutes. When, in The Birth of a Nation, Lincoln impersonated by Joseph Henabery goes down before the assassin, it is a master-scene. He falls as the representative of the government and a thousand high and noble crowd aspirations. The mimic audience in the restored Ford's Theatre rises in panic. This crowd is interpreted in especial for us by the two young people in the seats nearest, and the freezing horror of the treason sweeps from the Ford's Theatre audience to the real audience beyond them. The real crowd touched with terror beholds its natural face in the glass. Later come the pictures of the rioting negroes in the streets of the Southern town, mobs splendidly handled, tossing wildly and rhythmically like the sea. Then is delineated the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, of which we have already spoken. For comment on the musical accompaniment to The Birth of a Nation, read the fourteenth chapter entitled "The Orchestra, Conversation and the Censorship." In the future development of motion pictures mob-movements of anger and joy will go through fanatical and provincial whirlwinds into great national movements of anger and joy. A book by Gerald Stanley Lee that has a score of future scenarios in it, a book that might well be dipped into by the reader before he goes to such a play as The Italian or The Battle, is the work which bears the title of this chapter: "Crowds." Mr. Lee is far from infallible in his remedies for factory and industrial relations. But in sensitiveness to the flowing street of humanity he is indeed a man. Listen to the names of some of the divisions of his book: "Crowds and Machines; Letting the Crowds be Good; Letting the Crowds be Beautiful; Crowds and Heroes; Where are we Going? The Crowd Scare; The Strike, an Invention for making Crowds Think; The Crowd's Imagination about People; Speaking as One of the Crowd; Touching the Imagination of Crowds." Films in the spirit of these titles would help to make world-voters of us all. The World State is indeed far away. But as we peer into the Mirror Screen some of us dare to look forward to the time when the pouring streets of men will become sacred in each other's eyes, in pictures and in fact. A further discussion of this theme on other planes will be found in the eleventh chapter, entitled "Architecture-in-Motion," and the fifteenth chapter, entitled "The Substitute for the Saloon." The Patriotic Picture need not necessarily be in terms of splendor. It generally is. Beginning the chronicle is one that waves no banners. The Typhoon, a film produced by Thomas H. Ince, is a story of the Japanese love of Nippon in which a very little of the landscape of the nation is shown, and that in the beginning. The hero acted by Sessue Hayakawa, living in the heart of Paris, represents the far-off Empire. He is making a secret military report. He is a responsible member of a colony of Japanese gentlemen. The bevy of them appear before or after his every important action. He still represents this crowd when alone. The unfortunate Parisian heroine, unable to fathom the mystery of the fanatical hearts of the colony, ventures to think that her love for the Japanese hero and his equally great devotion to her is the important human relation on the horizon. She flouts his obscure work, pits her charms against it. In the end there is a quarrel. The irresistible meets the immovable, and in madness or half by accident, he kills the girl. The youth is protected by the colony, for he alone can make the report. He is the machine-like representative of the Japanese patriotic formula, till the document is complete. A new arrival in the colony, who obviously cannot write the book, confesses the murder and is executed. The other high fanatic dies soon after, of a broken heart, with the completed manuscript volume in his hand. The one impression of the play is that Japanese patriotism is a peculiar and fearful thing. The particular quality of the private romance is but vaguely given, for such things in their rise and culmination can only be traced by the novelist, or by the gentle alternations of silence and speech on the speaking stage, aided by the hot blood of players actually before us. Here, as in most photoplays, the attempted lover-conversations in pantomime are but indifferent things. The details of the hero's last quarrel with the heroine and the precise thoughts that went with it are muffled by the inability to speak. The power of the play is in the adequate style the man represents the colony. Sessue Hayakawa should give us Japanese tales more adapted to the films. We should have stories of Iyeyasu and Hideyoshi, written from the ground up for the photoplay theatre. We should have the story of the Forty-seven Ronin, not a Japanese stage version, but a work from the source-material. We should have legends of the various clans, picturizations of the code of the Samurai. The Typhoon is largely indoors. But the Patriotic Motion Picture is generally a landscape. This is for deeper reasons than that it requires large fields in which to manoeuvre armies. Flags are shown for other causes than that they are the nominal signs of a love of the native land. In a comedy of the history of a newspaper, the very columns of the publication are actors, and may be photographed oftener than the human hero. And in the higher realms this same tendency gives particular power to the panorama and trappings. It makes the natural and artificial magnificence more than a narrative, more than a color-scheme, something other than a drama. In a photoplay by a master, when the American flag is shown, the thirteen stripes are columns of history and the stars are headlines. The woods and the templed hills are their printing press, almost in a literal sense. Going back to the illustration of the engine, in chapter two, the non-human thing is a personality, even if it is not beautiful. When it takes on the ritual of decorative design, this new vitality is made seductive, and when it is an object of nature, this seductive ritual becomes a new pantheism. The armies upon the mountains they are defending are rooted in the soil like trees. They resist invasion with the same elementary stubbornness with which the oak resists the storm or the cliff resists the wave. * * * * * Let the reader consider Antony and Cleopatra, the Cines film. It was brought to America from Italy by George Klein. This and several ambitious spectacles like it are direct violations of the foregoing principles. True, it glorifies Rome. It is equivalent to waving the Italian above the Egyptian flag, quite slowly for two hours. From the stage standpoint, the magnificence is thoroughgoing. Viewed as a circus, the acting is elephantine in its grandeur. All that is needed is pink lemonade sold in the audience. The famous Cabiria, a tale of war between Rome and Carthage, by D'Annunzio, is a prime example of a success, where Antony and Cleopatra and many European films founded upon the classics have been failures. With obvious defects as a producer, D'Annunzio appreciates spectacular symbolism. He has an instinct for the strange and the beautifully infernal, as they are related to decorative design. Therefore he is able to show us Carthage indeed. He has an Italian patriotism that amounts to frenzy. So Rome emerges body and soul from the past, in this spectacle. He gives us the cruelty of Baal, the intrepidity of the Roman legions. Everything Punic or Italian in the middle distance or massed background speaks of the very genius of the people concerned and actively generates their kind of lightning. The principals do not carry out the momentum of this immense resource. The half a score of leading characters, with the costumes, gestures, and aspects of gods, are after all works of the taxidermist. They are stuffed gods. They conduct a silly nickelodeon romance while Carthage rolls on toward her doom. They are like sparrows fighting for grain on the edge of the battle. The doings of his principals are sufficiently evident to be grasped with a word or two of printed insert on the films. But he sentimentalizes about them. He adds side-elaborations of the plot that would require much time to make clear, and a hard working novelist to make interesting. We are sentenced to stop and gaze long upon this array of printing in the darkness, just at the moment the tenth wave of glory seems ready to sweep in. But one hundred words cannot be a photoplay climax. The climax must be in a tableau that is to the eye as the rising sun itself, that follows the thousand flags of the dawn. In the New York performance, and presumably in other large cities, there was also an orchestra. Behold then, one layer of great photoplay, one layer of bad melodrama, one layer of explanation, and a final cement of music. It is as though in an art museum there should be a man at the door selling would-be masterly short-stories about the paintings, and a man with a violin playing the catalogue. But for further discourse on the orchestra read the fourteenth chapter. I left Cabiria with mixed emotions. And I had to forget the distressful eye-strain. Few eyes submit without destruction to three hours of film. But the mistakes of Cabiria are those of the pioneer work of genius. It has in it twenty great productions. It abounds in suggestions. Once the classic rules of this art-unit are established, men with equal genius with D'Annunzio and no more devotion, will give us the world's masterpieces. As it is, the background and mass-movements must stand as monumental achievements in vital patriotic splendor. D'Annunzio is Griffith's most inspired rival in these things. He lacks Griffith's knowledge of what is photoplay and what is not. He lacks Griffith's simplicity of hurdle-race plot. He lacks his avalanche-like action. The Italian needs the American's health and clean winds. He needs his foregrounds, leading actors, and types of plot. But the American has never gone as deep as the Italian into landscapes that are their own tragedians, and into Satanic and celestial ceremonials. Judith of Bethulia and The Battle Hymn of the Republic have impressed me as the two most significant photoplays I have ever encountered. They may be classed with equal justice as religious or patriotic productions. But for reasons which will appear, The Battle Hymn of the Republic will be classed as a film of devotion and Judith as a patriotic one. The latter was produced by D.W. Griffith, and released by the Biograph Company in 1914. The original stage drama was once played by the famous Boston actress, Nance O'Neil. It is the work of Thomas Bailey Aldrich. The motion picture scenario, when Griffith had done with it, had no especial Aldrich flavor, though it contained several of the characters and events as Aldrich conceived them. It was principally the old apocryphal story plus the genius of Griffith and that inner circle of players whom he has endowed with much of his point of view. This is his cast of characters: Judith Blanche Sweet Holofernes Henry Walthall His servant J.J. Lance Captain of the Guards H. Hyde Judith's maid Miss Bruce General of the Jews C.H. Mailes Priests Messrs. Oppleman and Lestina Nathan Robert Harron Naomi Mae Marsh Keeper of the slaves for Holofernes Alfred Paget The Jewish mother Lillian Gish The Biograph Company advertises the production with the following Barnum and Bailey enumeration: "In four parts. Produced in California. Most expensive Biograph ever produced. More than one thousand people and about three hundred horsemen. The following were built expressly for the production: a replica of the ancient city of Bethulia; the mammoth wall that protected Bethulia; a faithful reproduction of the ancient army camps, embodying all their barbaric splendor and dances; chariots, battering rams, scaling ladders, archer towers, and other special war paraphernalia of the period. "The following spectacular effects: the storming of the walls of the city of Bethulia; the hand-to-hand conflicts; the death-defying chariot charges at break-neck speed; the rearing and plunging horses infuriated by the din of battle; the wonderful camp of the terrible Holofernes, equipped with rugs brought from the far East; the dancing girls in their exhibition of the exquisite and peculiar dances of the period; the routing of the command of the terrible Holofernes, and the destruction of the camp by fire. And overshadowing all, the heroism of the beautiful Judith." This advertisement should be compared with the notice of Your Girl and Mine transcribed in the seventeenth chapter. But there is another point of view by which this Judith of Bethulia production may be approached, however striking the advertising notice. There are four sorts of scenes alternated: 1 the particular history of Judith; 2 the gentle courtship of Nathan and Naomi, types of the inhabitants of Bethulia; 3 pictures of the streets, with the population flowing like a sluggish river; 4 scenes of raid, camp, and battle, interpolated between these, tying the whole together. The real plot is the balanced alternation of all the elements. So many minutes of one, then so many minutes of another. As was proper, very little of the tale was thrown on the screen in reading matter, and no climax was ever a printed word, but always an enthralling tableau. The particular history of Judith begins with the picture of her as the devout widow. She is austerely garbed, at prayer for her city, in her own quiet house. Then later she is shown decked for the eyes of man in the camp of Holofernes, where all is Assyrian glory. Judith struggles between her unexpected love for the dynamic general and the resolve to destroy him that brought her there. In either type of scene, the first gray and silver, the other painted with Paul Veronese splendor, Judith moves with a delicate deliberation. Over her face the emotions play like winds on a meadow lake. Holofernes is the composite picture of all the Biblical heathen chieftains. His every action breathes power. He is an Assyrian bull, a winged lion, and a god at the same time, and divine honors are paid to him every moment. Nathan and Naomi are two Arcadian lovers. In their shy meetings they express the life of the normal Bethulia. They are seen among the reapers outside the city or at the well near the wall, or on the streets of the ancient town. They are generally doing the things the crowd behind them is doing, meanwhile evolving their own little heart affair. Finally when the Assyrian comes down like a wolf on the fold, the gentle Naomi becomes a prisoner in Holofernes' camp. She is in the foreground, a representative of the crowd of prisoners. Nathan is photographed on the wall as the particular defender of the town in whom we are most interested. The pictures of the crowd's normal activities avoid jerkiness and haste. They do not abound in the boresome self-conscious quietude that some producers have substituted for the usual twitching. Each actor in the assemblies has a refreshing equipment in gentle gesticulation; for the manners and customs of Bethulia must needs be different from those of America. Though the population moves together as a river, each citizen is quite preoccupied. To the furthest corner of the picture, they are egotistical as human beings. The elder goes by, in theological conversation with his friend. He thinks his theology is important. The mother goes by, all absorbed in her child. To her it is the only child in the world. Alternated with these scenes is the terrible rush of the Assyrian army, on to exploration, battle, and glory. The speed of their setting out becomes actual, because it is contrasted with the deliberation of the Jewish town. At length the Assyrians are along those hills and valleys and below the wall of defence. The population is on top of the battlements, beating them back the more desperately because they are separated from the water-supply, the wells in the fields where once the lovers met. In a lull in the siege, by a connivance of the elders, Judith is let out of a little door in the wall. And while the fortune of her people is most desperate she is shown in the quiet shelter of the tent of Holofernes. Sinuous in grace, tranced, passionately in love, she has forgotten her peculiar task. She is in a sense Bethulia itself, the race of Israel made over into a woman, while Holofernes is the embodiment of the besieging army. Though in a quiet tent, and on the terms of love, it is the essential warfare of the hot Assyrian blood and the pure and peculiar Jewish thoroughbredness. Blanche Sweet as Judith is indeed dignified and ensnaring, the more so because in her abandoned quarter of an hour the Jewish sanctity does not leave her. And her aged woman attendant, coming in and out, sentinel and conscience, with austere face and lifted finger, symbolizes the fire of Israel that shall yet awaken within her. When her love for her city and God finally becomes paramount, she shakes off the spell of the divine honors which she has followed all the camp in according to that living heathen deity Holofernes, and by the very transfiguration of her figure and countenance we know that the deliverance of Israel is at hand. She beheads the dark Assyrian. Soon she is back in the city, by way of the little gate by which she emerged. The elders receive her and her bloody trophy. The people who have been dying of thirst arise in a final whirlwind of courage. Bereft of their military genius, the Assyrians flee from the burning camp. Naomi is delivered by her lover Nathan. This act is taken by the audience as a type of the setting free of all the captives. Then we have the final return of the citizens to their town. As for Judith, hers is no crass triumph. She is shown in her gray and silvery room in her former widow's dress, but not the same woman. There is thwarted love in her face. The sword of sorrow is there. But there is also the prayer of thanksgiving. She goes forth. She is hailed as her city's deliverer. She stands among the nobles like a holy candle. Providing the picture may be preserved in its original delicacy, it has every chance to retain a place in the affections of the wise, if a humble pioneer of criticism may speak his honest mind. Though in this story the archaic flavor is well-preserved, the way the producer has pictured the population at peace, in battle, in despair, in victory gives me hope that he or men like unto him will illustrate the American patriotic crowd-prophecies. We must have Whitmanesque scenarios, based on moods akin to that of the poem By Blue Ontario's Shore. The possibility of showing the entire American population its own face in the Mirror Screen has at last come. Whitman brought the idea of democracy to our sophisticated literati, but did not persuade the democracy itself to read his democratic poems. Sooner or later the kinetoscope will do what he could not, bring the nobler side of the equality idea to the people who are so crassly equal. The photoplay penetrates in our land to the haunts of the wildest or the dullest. The isolated prospector rides twenty miles to see the same film that is displayed on Broadway. There is not a civilized or half-civilized land but may read the Whitmanesque message in time, if once it is put on the films with power. Photoplay theatres are set up in ports where sailors revel, in heathen towns where gentlemen adventurers are willing to make one last throw with fate. On the other hand, as a recorder Whitman approaches the wildest, rawest American material and conquers it, at the same time keeping his nerves in the state in which Swinburne wrote Only the Song of Secret Bird, or Lanier composed The Ballad of Trees and The Master. J.W. Alexander's portrait of Whitman in the Metropolitan Museum, New York, is not too sophisticated. The out-of-door profoundness of this poet is far richer than one will realize unless he has just returned from some cross-country adventure afoot. Then if one reads breathlessly by the page and the score of pages, there is a glory transcendent. For films of American patriotism to parallel the splendors of Cabiria and Judith of Bethulia, and to excel them, let us have Whitmanesque scenarios based on moods like that of By Blue Ontario's Shore, The Salute au Monde, and The Passage to India. Then the people's message will reach the people at last. The average Crowd Picture will cling close to the streets that are, and the usual Patriotic Picture will but remind us of nationality as it is at present conceived and aflame, and the Religious Picture will for the most part be close to the standard orthodoxies. The final forms of these merge into each other, though they approach the heights by different avenues. We Americans should look for the great photoplay of to-morrow, that will mark a decade or a century, that prophesies of the flags made one, the crowds in brotherhood. As far as the photoplay is concerned, religious emotion is a form of crowd-emotion. In the most conventional and rigid church sense this phase can be conveyed more adequately by the motion picture than by the stage. There is little, of course, for the anti-ritualist in the art-world anywhere. The thing that makes cathedrals real shrines in the eye of the reverent traveller makes them, with their religious processions and the like, impressive in splendor-films. For instance, I have long remembered the essentials of the film, The Death of Thomas Becket. It may not compare in technique with some of our present moving picture achievements, but the idea must have been particularly adapted to the film medium. The story has stayed in my mind with great persistence, not only as a narrative, but as the first hint to me that orthodox religious feeling has here an undeveloped field. Green tells the story in this way, in his History of the English People: "Four knights of the King's court, stirred to outrage by a passionate outburst of their master's wrath, crossed the sea and on the twenty-ninth of December forced their way into the Archbishop's palace. After a stormy parley with him in his chamber they withdrew to arm. Thomas was hurried by his clerks into the cathedral, but as he reached the steps leading from the transept into the choir his pursuers burst in from the cloisters. 'Where,' cried Reginald Fitzurse, 'is the traitor, Thomas Becket?' 'Here am I, no traitor, but a priest of God,' he replied. And again descending the steps he placed himself with his back against a pillar and fronted his foes.... The brutal murder was received with a thrill of horror throughout Christendom. Miracles were wrought at the martyr's tomb, etc...." It is one of the few deaths in moving pictures that have given me the sense that I was watching a tragedy. Most of them affect one, if they have any effect, like exhibits in an art gallery, as does Josef Israels' oil painting, Alone in the World. We admire the technique, and as for emotion, we feel the picturesqueness only. But here the church procession, the robes, the candles, the vaulting overhead, the whole visualized cathedral mood has the power over the reverent eye it has in life, and a touch more. It is not a private citizen who is struck down. Such a taking off would have been but nominally impressive, no matter how well acted. Private deaths in the films, to put it another way, are but narrative statements. It is not easy to convey their spiritual significance. Take, for instance, the death of John Goderic, in the film version of Gilbert Parker's The Seats of the Mighty. The major leaves this world in the first third of the story. The photoplay use of his death is, that he may whisper in the ear of Robert Moray to keep certain letters of La Pompadour well hidden. The fact that it is the desire of a dying man gives sharpness to his request. Later in the story Moray is hard-pressed by the villain for those same papers. Then the scene of the death is flashed for an instant on the screen, representing the hero's memory of the event. It is as though he should recollect and renew a solemn oath. The documents are more important than John Goderic. His departure is but one of their attributes. So it is in any film. There is no emotional stimulation in the final departure of a non-public character to bring tears, such tears as have been provoked by the novel or the stage over the death of Sidney Carton or Faust's Marguerite or the like. All this, to make sharper the fact that the murder of Becket the archbishop is a climax. The great Church and hierarchy are profaned. The audience feels the same thrill of horror that went through Christendom. We understand why miracles were wrought at the martyr's tomb. In the motion pictures the entrance of a child into the world is a mere family episode, not a climax, when it is the history of private people. For instance, several little strangers come into the story of Enoch Arden. They add beauty, and are links in the chain of events. Still they are only one of many elements of idyllic charm in the village of Annie. Something that in real life is less valuable than a child is the goal of each tiny tableau, some coming or departure or the like that affects the total plot. But let us imagine a production that would chronicle the promise to Abraham, and the vision that came with it. Let the film show the final gift of Isaac to the aged Sarah, even the boy who is the beginning of a race that shall be as the stars of heaven and the sands of the sea for multitude. This could be made a pageant of power and glory. The crowd-emotions, patriotic fires, and religious exaltations on which it turns could be given in noble procession and the tiny fellow on the pillow made the mystic centre of the whole. The story of the coming of Samuel, the dedicated little prophet, might be told on similar terms. The real death in the photoplay is the ritualistic death, the real birth is the ritualistic birth, and the cathedral mood of the motion picture which goes with these and is close to these in many of its phases, is an inexhaustible resource. The film corporations fear religious questions, lest offence be given to this sect or that. So let such denominations as are in the habit of cooperating, themselves take over this medium, not gingerly, but whole-heartedly, as in mediæval time the hierarchy strengthened its hold on the people with the marvels of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. This matter is further discussed in the seventeenth chapter, entitled "Progress and Endowment." But there is a field wherein the commercial man will not be accused of heresy or sacrilege, which builds on ritualistic birth and death and elements akin thereto. This the established producer may enter without fear. Which brings us to The Battle Hymn of the Republic, issued by the American Vitagraph Company in 1911. This film should be studied in the High Schools and Universities till the canons of art for which it stands are established in America. The director was Larry Trimble. All honor to him. The patriotism of The Battle Hymn of the Republic, if taken literally, deals with certain aspects of the Civil War. But the picture is transfigured by so marked a devotion, that it is the main illustration in this work of the religious photoplay. The beginning shows President Lincoln in the White House brooding over the lack of response to his last call for troops. He is impersonated by Ralph Ince. He and Julia Ward Howe are looking out of the window on a recruiting headquarters that is not busy. Mrs. Howe is impersonated by Julia S. Gordon. Another scene shows an old mother in the West refusing to let her son enlist. This woman is impersonated by Mrs. Maurice. The father has died in the war. The sword hangs on the wall. Later Julia Ward Howe is shown in her room asleep at midnight, then rising in a trance and writing the Battle Hymn at a table by the bed. The pictures that might possibly have passed before her mind during the trance are thrown upon the screen. The phrases they illustrate are not in the final order of the poem, but in the possible sequence in which they went on the paper in the first sketch. The dream panorama is not a literal discussion of abolitionism or states' rights. It illustrates rather the Hebraic exultation applied to all lands and times. "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord"; a gracious picture of the nativity. Edith Storey impersonates Mary the Virgin. "I have seen him in the watchfires of a hundred circling camps" and "They have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps" for these are given symbolic pageants of the Holy Sepulchre crusaders. Then there is a visible parable, showing a marketplace in some wicked capital, neither Babylon, Tyre, nor Nineveh, but all of them in essential character. First come spectacles of rejoicing, cruelty, and waste. Then from Heaven descend flood and fire, brimstone and lightning. It is like the judgment of the Cities of the Plain. Just before the overthrow, the line is projected upon the screen: "He hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword." Then the heavenly host becomes gradually visible upon the air, marching toward the audience, almost crossing the footlights, and blowing their solemn trumpets. With this picture the line is given us to read: "Our God is marching on." This host appears in the photoplay as often as the refrain sweeps into the poem. The celestial company, its imperceptible emergence, its spiritual power when in the ascendant, is a thing never to be forgotten, a tableau that proves the motion picture a great religious instrument. Then comes a procession indeed. It is as though the audience were standing at the side of the throne at Doomsday looking down the hill of Zion toward the little earth. There is a line of those who are to be judged, leaders from the beginning of history, barbarians with their crude weapons, classic characters, Cæsar and his rivals for fame; mediæval figures including Dante meditating; later figures, Richelieu, Napoleon. Many people march toward the strange glorifying eye of the camera, growing larger than men, filling the entire field of vision, disappearing when they are almost upon us. The audience weighs the worth of their work to the world as the men themselves with downcast eyes seem to be doing also. The most thrilling figure is Tolstoi in his peasant smock, coming after the bitter egotists and conquerors. The impersonation is by Edward Thomas. I shall never forget that presence marching up to the throne invisible with bowed head. This procession is to illustrate the line: "He is sifting out the hearts of men before his Judgment Seat." Later Lincoln is pictured on the steps of the White House. It is a quaint tableau, in the spirit of the old-fashioned Rogers group. Yet it is masterful for all that. Lincoln is taking the chains from a cowering slave. This tableau is to illustrate the line: "Let the hero born of woman crush the serpent with his heel." Now it is the end of the series of visions. It is morning in Mrs. Howe's room. She rises. She is filled with wonder to find the poem on her table. Written to the rousing glory-tune of John Brown's Body the song goes over the North like wildfire. The far-off home of the widow is shown. She and the boy read the famous chant in the morning news column. She takes the old sword from the wall. She gives it to her son and sends him to enlist with her blessing. In the next picture Lincoln and Mrs. Howe are looking out of the window where was once the idle recruiting tent. A new army is pouring by, singing the words that have rallied the nation. Ritualistic birth and death have been discussed. This film might be said to illustrate ritualistic birth, death, and resurrection. The writer has seen hundreds of productions since this one. He has described it from memory. It came out in a time when the American people paid no attention to the producer or the cast. It may have many technical crudities by present-day standards. But the root of the matter is there. And Springfield knew it. It was brought back to our town many times. It was popular in both the fashionable picture show houses and the cheapest, dirtiest hole in the town. It will soon be reissued by the Vitagraph Company. Every student of American Art should see this film. The same exultation that went into it, the faculty for commanding the great spirits of history and making visible the unseen powers of the air, should be applied to Crowd Pictures which interpret the non-sectarian prayers of the broad human race. The pageant of Religious Splendor is the final photoplay form in the classification which this work seeks to establish. Much of what follows will be to reënforce the heads of these first discourses. Further comment on the Religious Photoplay may be found in the eleventh chapter, entitled "Architecture-in-Motion." The outline is complete. Now to reënforce it. Pictures of Action Intimacy and Splendor are the foundation colors in the photoplay, as red, blue, and yellow are the basis of the rainbow. Action Films might be called the red section; Intimate Motion Pictures, being colder and quieter, might be called blue; and Splendor Photoplays called yellow, since that is the hue of pageants and sunshine. Another way of showing the distinction is to review the types of gesture. The Action Photoplay deals with generalized pantomime: the gesture of the conventional policeman in contrast with the mannerism of the stereotyped preacher. The Intimate Film gives us more elusive personal gestures: the difference between the table manners of two preachers in the same restaurant, or two policemen. A mark of the Fairy Play is the gesture of incantation, the sweep of the arm whereby Mab would transform a prince into a hawk. The other Splendor Films deal with the total gestures of crowds: the pantomime of a torch-waving mass of men, the drill of an army on the march, or the bending of the heads of a congregation receiving the benediction. Another way to demonstrate the thesis is to use the old classification of poetry: dramatic, lyric, epic. The Action Play is a narrow form of the dramatic. The Intimate Motion Picture is an equivalent of the lyric. In the seventeenth chapter it is shown that one type of the Intimate might be classed as imagist. And obviously the Splendor Pictures are the equivalent of the epic. But perhaps the most adequate way of showing the meaning of this outline is to say that the Action Film is sculpture-in-motion, the Intimate Photoplay is painting-in-motion, and the Fairy Pageant, along with the rest of the Splendor Pictures, may be described as architecture-in-motion. This chapter will discuss the bearing of the phrase sculpture-in-motion. It will relate directly to chapter two. First, gentle and kindly reader, let us discuss sculpture in its most literal sense: after that, less realistically, but perhaps more adequately. Let us begin with Annette Kellerman in Neptune's Daughter. This film has a crude plot constructed to show off Annette's various athletic resources. It is good photography, and a big idea so far as the swimming episodes are concerned. An artist haunted by picture-conceptions equivalent to the musical thoughts back of Wagner's Rhine-maidens could have made of Annette, in her mermaid's dress, a notable figure. Or a story akin to the mermaid tale of Hans Christian Andersen, or Matthew Arnold's poem of the forsaken merman, could have made this picturesque witch of the salt water truly significant, and still retained the most beautiful parts of the photoplay as it was exhibited. It is an exceedingly irrelevant imagination that shows her in other scenes as a duellist, for instance, because forsooth she can fence. As a child of the ocean, half fish, half woman, she is indeed convincing. Such mermaids as this have haunted sailors, and lured them on the rocks to their doom, from the day the siren sang till the hour the Lorelei sang no more. The scene with the baby mermaid, when she swims with the pretty creature on her back, is irresistible. Why are our managers so mechanical? Why do they flatten out at the moment the fancy of the tiniest reader of fairy-tales begins to be alive? Most of Annette's support were stage dummies. Neptune was a lame Santa Claus with cotton whiskers. But as for the bearing of the film on this chapter: the human figure is within its rights whenever it is as free from self-consciousness as was the life-radiating Annette in the heavenly clear waters of Bermuda. On the other hand, Neptune and his pasteboard diadem and wooden-pointed pitchfork, should have put on his dressing-gown and retired. As a toe dancer in an alleged court scene, on land, Annette was a mere simperer. Possibly Pavlowa as a swimmer in Bermuda waters would have been as much of a mistake. Each queen to her kingdom. For living, moving sculpture, the human eye requires a costume and a part in unity with the meaning of that particular figure. There is the Greek dress of Mordkin in the arrow dance. There is Annette's breast covering of shells, and wonderful flowing mermaid hair, clothing her as the midnight does the moon. The new costume freedom of the photoplay allows such limitation of clothing as would be probable when one is honestly in touch with wild nature and preoccupied with vigorous exercise. Thus the cave-man and desert island narratives, though seldom well done, when produced with verisimilitude, give an opportunity for the native human frame in the logical wrappings of reeds and skins. But those who in a silly hurry seek excuses, are generally merely ridiculous, like the barefoot man who is terribly tender about walking on the pebbles, or the wild man who is white as celery or grass under a board. There is no short cut to vitality. A successful literal use of sculpture is in the film Oil and Water. Blanche Sweet is the leader of the play within a play which occupies the first reel. Here the Olympians and the Muses, with a grace that we fancy was Greek, lead a dance that traces the story of the spring, summer, and autumn of life. Finally the supple dancers turn gray and old and die, but not before they have given us a vision from the Ionian islands. The play might have been inspired from reading Keats' Lamia, but is probably derived from the work of Isadora Duncan. This chapter has hereafter only a passing word or two on literal sculptural effects. It has more in mind the carver's attitude toward all that passes before the eye. The sculptor George Gray Barnard is responsible for none of the views in this discourse, but he has talked to me at length about his sense of discovery in watching the most ordinary motion pictures, and his delight in following them with their endless combinations of masses and flowing surfaces. The little far-away people on the old-fashioned speaking stage do not appeal to the plastic sense in this way. They are, by comparison, mere bits of pasteboard with sweet voices, while, on the other hand, the photoplay foreground is full of dumb giants. The bodies of these giants are in high sculptural relief. Where the lights are quite glaring and the photography is bad, many of the figures are as hard in their impact on the eye as lime-white plaster-casts, no matter what the clothing. There are several passages of this sort in the otherwise beautiful Enoch Arden, where the shipwrecked sailor is depicted on his desert island in the glaring sun. What materials should the photoplay figures suggest? There are as many possible materials as there are subjects for pictures and tone schemes to be considered. But we will take for illustration wood, bronze, and marble, since they have been used in the old sculptural art. There is found in most art shows a type of carved wood gargoyle where the work and the subject are at one, not only in the color of the wood, but in the way the material masses itself, in bulk betrays its qualities. We will suppose a moving picture humorist who is in the same mood as the carver. He chooses a story of quaint old ladies, street gamins, and fat aldermen. Imagine the figures with the same massing and interplay suddenly invested with life, yet giving to the eye a pleasure kindred to that which is found in carved wood, and bringing to the fancy a similar humor. Or there is a type of Action Story where the mood of the figures is that of bronze, with the æsthetic resources of that metal: its elasticity; its emphasis on the tendon, ligament, and bone, rather than on the muscle; and an attribute that we will call the panther-like quality. Hermon A. MacNeil has a memorable piece of work in the yard of the architect Shaw, at Lake Forest, Illinois. It is called "The Sun Vow." A little Indian is shooting toward the sun, while the old warrior, crouching immediately behind him, follows with his eye the direction of the arrow. Few pieces of sculpture come readily to mind that show more happily the qualities of bronze as distinguished from other materials. To imagine such a group done in marble, carved wood, or Della Robbia ware is to destroy the very image in the fancy. The photoplay of the American Indian should in most instances be planned as bronze in action. The tribes should not move so rapidly that the panther-like elasticity is lost in the riding, running, and scalping. On the other hand, the aborigines should be far from the temperateness of marble. Mr. Edward S. Curtis, the super-photographer, has made an Ethnological collection of photographs of our American Indians. This work of a life-time, a supreme art achievement, shows the native as a figure in bronze. Mr. Curtis' photoplay, The Land of the Head Hunters World Film Corporation, a romance of the Indians of the North-West, abounds in noble bronzes. I have gone through my old territories as an art student, in the Chicago Art Institute and the Metropolitan Museum, of late, in special excursions, looking for sculpture, painting, and architecture that might be the basis for the photoplays of the future. The Bacchante of Frederick MacMonnies is in bronze in the Metropolitan Museum and in bronze replica in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. There is probably no work that more rejoices the hearts of the young art students in either city. The youthful creature illustrates a most joyous leap into the air. She is high on one foot with the other knee lifted. She holds a bunch of grapes full-arm's length. Her baby, clutched in the other hand, is reaching up with greedy mouth toward the fruit. The bacchante body is glistening in the light. This is joy-in-bronze as the Sun Vow is power-in-bronze. This special story could not be told in another medium. I have seen in Paris a marble copy of this Bacchante. It is as though it were done in soap. On the other hand, many of the renaissance Italian sculptors have given us children in marble in low relief, dancing like lilies in the wind. They could not be put into bronze. The plot of the Action Photoplay is literally or metaphorically a chase down the road or a hurdle-race. It might be well to consider how typical figures for such have been put into carved material. There are two bronze statues that have their replicas in all museums. They are generally one on either side of the main hall, towering above the second-story balustrade. First, the statue of Gattamelata, a Venetian general, by Donatello. The original is in Padua. Then there is the figure of Bartolommeo Colleoni. The original is in Venice. It is by Verrocchio and Leopardi. These equestrians radiate authority. There is more action in them than in any cowboy hordes I have ever beheld zipping across the screen. Look upon them and ponder long, prospective author-producer. Even in a simple chase-picture, the speed must not destroy the chance to enjoy the modelling. If you would give us mounted legions, destined to conquer, let any one section of the film, if it is stopped and studied, be grounded in the same bronze conception. The Assyrian commanders in Griffith's Judith would, without great embarrassment, stand this test. But it may not be the pursuit of an enemy we have in mind. It may be a spring celebration, horsemen in Arcadia, going to some happy tournament. Where will we find our precedents for such a cavalcade? Go to any museum. Find the Parthenon room. High on the wall is the copy of the famous marble frieze of the young citizens who are in the procession in praise of Athena. Such a rhythm of bodies and heads and the feet of proud steeds, and above all the profiles of thoroughbred youths, no city has seen since that day. The delicate composition relations, ever varying, ever refreshing, amid the seeming sameness of formula of rider behind rider, have been the delight of art students the world over, and shall so remain. No serious observer escapes the exhilaration of this company. Let it be studied by the author-producer though it be but an idyl in disguise that his scenario calls for: merry young farmers hurrying to the State Fair parade, boys making all speed to the political rally. Buy any three moving picture magazines you please. Mark the illustrations that are massive, in high relief, with long lines in their edges. Cut out and sort some of these. I have done it on the table where I write. After throwing away all but the best specimens, I have four different kinds of sculpture. First, behold the inevitable cowboy. He is on a ramping horse, filling the entire outlook. The steed rears, while facing us. The cowboy waves his hat. There is quite such an animal by Frederick MacMonnies, wrought in bronze, set up on a gate to a park in Brooklyn. It is not the identical color of the photoplay animal, but the bronze elasticity is the joy in both. Here is a scene of a masked monk, carrying off a fainting girl. The hero intercepts him. The figures of the lady and the monk are in sufficient sculptural harmony to make a formal sculptural group for an art exhibition. The picture of the hero, strong, with well-massed surfaces, is related to both. The fact that he is in evening dress does not alter his monumental quality. All three are on a stone balcony that relates itself to the general largeness of spirit in the group, and the semi-classic dress of the maiden. No doubt the title is: The Morning Following the Masquerade Ball. This group could be made in unglazed clay, in four colors. Here is an American lieutenant with two ladies. The three are suddenly alert over the approach of the villain, who is not yet in the picture. In costume it is an everyday group, but those three figures are related to one another, and the trees behind them, in simple sculptural terms. The lieutenant, as is to be expected, looks forth in fierce readiness. One girl stands with clasped hands. The other points to the danger. The relations of these people to one another may seem merely dramatic to the superficial observer, but the power of the group is in the fact that it is monumental. I could imagine it done in four different kinds of rare tropical wood, carved unpolished. Here is a scene of storm and stress in an office where the hero is caught with seemingly incriminating papers. The table is in confusion. The room is filling with people, led by one accusing woman. Is this also sculpture? Yes. The figures are in high relief. Even the surfaces of the chairs and the littered table are massive, and the eye travels without weariness, as it should do in sculpture, from the hero to the furious woman, then to the attorney behind her, then to the two other revilers, then to the crowd in three loose rhythmic ranks. The eye makes this journey, not from space to space, or fabric to fabric, but first of all from mass to mass. It is sculpture, but it is the sort that can be done in no medium but the moving picture itself, and therefore it is one goal of this argument. But there are several other goals. One of the sculpturesque resources of the photoplay is that the human countenance can be magnified many times, till it fills the entire screen. Some examples are in rather low relief, portraits approximating certain painters. But if they are on sculptural terms, and are studies of the faces of thinking men, let the producer make a pilgrimage to Washington for his precedent. There, in the rotunda of the capitol, is the face of Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum. It is one of the eminently successful attempts to get at the secret of the countenance by enlarging it much, and concentrating the whole consideration there. The photoplay producer, seemingly without taking thought, is apt to show a sculptural sense in giving us Newfoundland fishermen, clad in oilskins. The background may have an unconscious Winslow Homer reminiscence. In the foreground our hardy heroes fill the screen, and dripping with sea-water become wave-beaten granite, yet living creatures none the less. Imagine some one chapter from the story of Little Em'ly in David Copperfield, retold in the films. Show us Ham Peggotty and old Mr. Peggotty in colloquy over their nets. There are many powerful bronze groups to be had from these two, on to the heroic and unselfish death of Ham, rescuing his enemy in storm and lightning. I have seen one rich picture of alleged cannibal tribes. It was a comedy about a missionary. But the aborigines were like living ebony and silver. That was long ago. Such things come too much by accident. The producer is not sufficiently aware that any artistic element in his list of productions that is allowed to go wild, that has not had full analysis, reanalysis, and final conservation, wastes his chance to attain supreme mastery. Open your history of sculpture, and dwell upon those illustrations which are not the normal, reposeful statues, but the exceptional, such as have been listed for this chapter. Imagine that each dancing, galloping, or fighting figure comes down into the room life-size. Watch it against a dark curtain. Let it go through a series of gestures in harmony with the spirit of the original conception, and as rapidly as possible, not to lose nobility. If you have the necessary elasticity, imagine the figures wearing the costumes of another period, yet retaining in their motions the same essential spirit. Combine them in your mind with one or two kindred figures, enlarged till they fill the end of the room. You have now created the beginning of an Action Photoplay in your own fancy. Do this with each most energetic classic till your imagination flags. I do not want to be too dogmatic, but it seems to me this is one way to evolve real Action Plays. It would, perhaps, be well to substitute this for the usual method of evolving them from old stage material or newspaper clippings. There is in the Metropolitan Museum a noble modern group, the Mares of Diomedes, by the aforementioned Gutzon Borglum. It is full of material for the meditations of a man who wants to make a film of a stampede. The idea is that Hercules, riding his steed bareback, guides it in a circle. He is fascinating the horses he has been told to capture. They are held by the mesmerism of the circular path and follow him round and round till they finally fall from exhaustion. Thus the Indians of the West capture wild ponies, and Borglum, a far western man, imputes the method to Hercules. The bronze group shows a segment of this circle. The whirlwind is at its height. The mares are wild to taste the flesh of Hercules. Whoever is to photograph horses, let him study the play of light and color and muscle-texture in this bronze. And let no group of horses ever run faster than these of Borglum. An occasional hint of a Michelangelo figure or gesture appears for a flash in the films. Young artist in the audience, does it pass you by? Open your history of sculpture again and look at the usual list of Michelangelo groups. Suppose the seated majesty of Moses should rise, what would be the quality of the action? Suppose the sleeping figures of the Medician tombs should wake, or those famous slaves should break their bands, or David again hurl the stone. Would not their action be as heroic as their quietness? Is it not possible to have a Michelangelo of photoplay sculpture? Should we not look for him in the fulness of time? His figures might come to us in the skins of the desert island solitary, or as cave men and women, or as mermaids and mermen, and yet have a force and grandeur akin to that of the old Italian. Rodin's famous group of the citizens of Calais is an example of the expression of one particular idea by a special technical treatment. The producer who tells a kindred story to that of the siege of Calais, and the final going of these humble men to their doom, will have a hero-tale indeed. It will be not only sculpture-in-action, but a great Crowd Picture. It begins to be seen that the possibilities of monumental achievement in the films transcend the narrow boundaries of the Action Photoplay. Why not conceptions as heroic as Rodin's Hand of God, where the first pair are clasped in the gigantic fingers of their maker in the clay from which they came? Finally, I desire in moving pictures, not the stillness, but the majesty of sculpture. I do not advocate for the photoplay the mood of the Venus of Milo. But let us turn to that sister of hers, the great Victory of Samothrace, that spreads her wings at the head of the steps of the Louvre, and in many an art gallery beside. When you are appraising a new film, ask yourself: "Is this motion as rapid, as godlike, as the sweep of the wings of the Samothracian?" Let her be the touchstone of the Action Drama, for nothing can be more swift than the winged Gods, nothing can be more powerful than the oncoming of the immortals. This chapter is founded on the delicate effects that may be worked out from cosy interior scenes, close to the camera. It relates directly to chapter three. While the Intimate-and-friendly Motion Picture may be in high sculptural relief, its characteristic manifestations are in low relief. The situations show to better advantage when they seem to be paintings rather than monumental groups. Turn to your handful of motion picture magazines and mark the illustrations that look the most like paintings. Cut them out. Winnow them several times. I have before me, as a final threshing from such an experiment, five pictures. Each one approximates a different school. Here is a colonial Virginia maiden by the hearth of the inn. Bending over her in a cherishing way is the negro maid. On the other side, the innkeeper shows a kindred solicitude. A dishevelled traveller sleeps huddled up in the corner. The costume of the man fades into the velvety shadows of the wall. His face is concealed. His hair blends with the soft background. The clothing of the other three makes a patch of light gray. Added to this is the gayety of special textures: the turban of the negress, a trimming on the skirt of the heroine, the silkiness of the innkeeper's locks, the fabric of the broom in the hearthlight, the pattern of the mortar lines round the bricks of the hearth. The tableau is a satisfying scheme in two planes and many textures. Here is another sort of painting. The young mother in her pretty bed is smiling on her infant. The cot and covers and flesh tints have gentle scales of difference, all within one tone of the softest gray. Her hair is quite dark. It relates to the less luminous black of the coat of the physician behind the bed and the dress of the girl-friend bending over her. The nurse standing by the doctor is a figure of the same gray-white as the bed. Within the pattern of the velvety-blacks there are as many subtle gradations as in the pattern of the gray-whites. The tableau is a satisfying scheme in black and gray, with practically one non-obtrusive texture throughout. Here is a picture of an Englishman and his wife, in India. It might be called sculptural, but for the magnificence of the turban of the rajah who converses with them, the glitter of the light round his shoulders, and the scheme of shadow out of which the three figures rise. The arrangement remotely reminds one of several of Rembrandt's semi-oriental musings. Here is a picture of Mary Pickford as Fanchon the Cricket. She is in the cottage with the strange old mother. I have seen a painting in this mood by the Greek Nickolas Gysis. The Intimate-and-friendly Moving Picture, the photoplay of painting-in-motion, need not be indoors as long as it has the native-heath mood. It is generally keyed to the hearthstone, and keeps quite close to it. But how well I remember when the first French photoplays began to come. Though unintelligent in some respects, the photography and subject-matter of many of them made one think of that painter of gentle out-of-door scenes, Jean Charles Cazin. Here is our last clipping, which is also in a spirit allied to Cazin. The heroine, accompanied by an aged shepherd and his dog, are in the foreground. The sheep are in the middle distance on the edge of the river. There is a noble hill beyond the gently flowing water. Here is intimacy and friendliness in the midst of the big out of doors. If these five photo-paintings were on good paper enlarged to twenty by twenty-four inches, they would do to frame and hang on the wall of any study, for a month or so. And after the relentless test of time, I would venture that some one of the five would prove a permanent addition to the household gods. Hastily made photographs selected from the films are often put in front of the better theatres to advertise the show. Of late they are making them two by three feet and sometimes several times larger. Here is a commercial beginning of an art gallery, but not enough pains are taken to give the selections a complete art gallery dignity. Why not have the most beautiful scenes in front of the theatres, instead of those alleged to be the most thrilling? Why not rest the fevered and wandering eye, rather than make one more attempt to take it by force? Let the reader supply another side of the argument by looking at the illustrations in any history of painting. Let him select the pictures that charm him most, and think of them enlarged and transferred bodily to one corner of the room, as he has thought of the sculpture. Let them take on motion without losing their charm of low relief, or their serene composition within the four walls of the frame. As for the motion, let it be a further extension of the drawing. Let every gesture be a bolder but not less graceful brush-stroke. The Metropolitan Museum has a Van Dyck that appeals equally to one's sense of beauty and one's feeling for humor. It is a portrait of James Stuart, Duke of Lennox, and I cannot see how the author-producer-photographer can look upon it without having it set his imagination in a glow. Every small town dancing set has a James like this. The man and the greyhound are the same witless breed, the kind that achieve a result by their clean-limbed elegance alone. Van Dyck has painted the two with what might be called a greyhound brush-stroke, a style of handling that is nothing but courtly convention and strut to the point of genius. He is as far from the meditative spirituality of Rembrandt as could well be imagined. Conjure up a scene in the hereditary hall after a hunt or golf tournament, in which a man like this Duke of Lennox has a noble parley with his lady or dancing partner, she being a sweet and stupid swan or a white rabbit by the same sign that he is a noble and stupid greyhound. Be it an ancient or modern episode, the story could be told in the tone and with well-nigh the brushwork of Van Dyck. Then there is a picture my teachers, Chase and Henri, were never weary of praising, the Girl with the Parrot, by Manet. Here continence in nervous force, expressed by low relief and restraint in tone, is carried to its ultimate point. I should call this an imagist painting, made before there were such people as imagist poets. It is a perpetual sermon to those that would thresh around to no avail, be they orators, melodramatists, or makers of photoplays with an alleged heart-interest. Let us consider Gilbert Stuart's portrait of Washington. This painter's notion of personal dignity has far more of the intellectual quality than Van Dyck. He loves to give us stately, able, fairly conscientious gentry, rather than overdone royalty. His work represents a certain mood in design that in architecture is called colonial. Such portraits go with houses like Mount Vernon. Let the photographer study the flat blacks in the garments. Let him note the transparent impression of the laces and flesh-tints that seem to be painted on glass, observing especially the crystalline whiteness of the wigs. Let him inspect also the silhouette-like outlines, noting the courtly self-possession they convey. Then let the photographer, the producer, and the author, be they one man or six men, stick to this type of picturization through one entire production, till any artist in the audience will say, "This photoplay was painted by a pupil of Gilbert Stuart"; and the layman will say, "It looks like those stately days." And let us not have battle, but a Mount Vernon fireside tale. Both the Chicago and New York museums contain many phases of one same family group, painted by George de Forest Brush. There is a touch of the hearthstone priestess about the woman. The force of sex has turned to the austere comforting passion of motherhood. From the children, under the wings of this spirit, come special delicate powers of life. There is nothing tense or restless about them, yet they embody action, the beating of the inner fire, without which all outer action is mockery. Hearthstone tales keyed to the mood and using the brush stroke that delineates this especial circle would be unmistakable in their distinction. Charles W. Hawthorne has pictures in Chicago and New York that imply the Intimate-and-friendly Photoplay. The Trousseau in the Metropolitan Museum shows a gentle girl, an unfashionable home-body with a sweetly sheltered air. Behind her glimmers the patient mother's face. The older woman is busy about fitting the dress. The picture is a tribute to the qualities of many unknown gentlewomen. Such an illumination as this, on faces so innocently eloquent, is the light that should shine on the countenance of the photoplay actress who really desires greatness in the field of the Intimate Motion Picture. There is in Chicago, Hawthorne's painting of Sylvia: a little girl standing with her back to a mirror, a few blossoms in one hand and a vase of flowers on the mirror shelf. It is as sound a composition as Hawthorne ever produced. The painting of the child is another tribute to the physical-spiritual textures from which humanity is made. Ah, you producer who have grown squeaky whipping your people into what you called action, consider the dynamics of these figures that would be almost motionless in real life. Remember there must be a spirit-action under the other, or all is dead. Yet that soul may be the muse of Comedy. If Hawthorne and his kind are not your fashion, turn to models that have their feet on the earth always, yet successfully aspire. Key some of your intimate humorous scenes to the Dutch Little Masters of Painting, such pictures as Gerard Terburg's Music Lesson in the Chicago Art Institute. The thing is as well designed as a Dutch house, wind-mill, or clock. And it is more elegant than any of these. There is humor enough in the picture to last one reel through. The society dame of the period, in her pretty raiment, fingers the strings of her musical instrument, while the master stands by her with the baton. The painter has enjoyed the satire, from her elegant little hands to the teacher's well-combed locks. It is very plain that she does not want to study music with any sincerity, and he does not desire to develop the ability of this particular person. There may be a flirtation in the background. Yet these people are not hollow as gourds, and they are not caricatured. The Dutch Little Masters have indulged in numberless characterizations of mundane humanity. But they are never so preoccupied with the story that it is an anecdote rather than a picture. It is, first of all, a piece of elegant painting-fabric. Next it is a scrap of Dutch philosophy or aspiration. Let Whistler turn over in his grave while we enlist him for the cause of democracy. One view of the technique of this man might summarize it thus: fastidiousness in choice of subject, the picture well within the frame, low relief, a Velasquez study of tones and a Japanese study of spaces. Let us, dear and patient reader, particularly dwell upon the spacing. A Whistler, or a good Japanese print, might be described as a kaleidoscope suddenly arrested and transfixed at the moment of most exquisite relations in the pieces of glass. An Intimate Play of a kindred sort would start to turning the kaleidoscope again, losing fine relations only to gain those which are more exquisite and novel. All motion pictures might be characterized as _space measured without sound, plus time measured without sound_. This description fits in a special way the delicate form of the Intimate Motion Picture, and there can be studied out, free from irrelevant issues. As to _space measured without sound_. Suppose it is a humorous characterization of comfortable family life, founded on some Dutch Little Master. The picture measures off its spaces in harmony. The triangle occupied by the little child's dress is in definite relation to the triangle occupied by the mother's costume. To these two patterns the space measured off by the boy's figure is adjusted, and all of them are as carefully related to the shapes cut out of the background by the figures. No matter how the characters move about in the photoplay, these pattern shapes should relate to one another in a definite design. The exact tone value of each one and their precise nearness or distance to one another have a deal to do with the final effect. We go to the photoplay to enjoy right and splendid picture-motions, to feel a certain thrill when the pieces of kaleidoscope glass slide into new places. Instead of moving on straight lines, as they do in the mechanical toy, they progress in strange curves that are part of the very shapes into which they fall. Consider: first came the photograph. Then motion was added to the photograph. We must use this order in our judgment. If it is ever to evolve into a national art, it must first be good picture, then good motion. Belasco's attitude toward the stage has been denounced by the purists because he makes settings too large a portion of his story-telling, and transforms his theatre into the paradise of the property-man. But this very quality of the well spaced setting, if you please, has made his chance for the world's moving picture anthology. As reproduced by Jesse K. Lasky the Belasco production is the only type of the old-line drama that seems really made to be the basis of a moving picture play. Not always, but as a general rule, Belasco suffers less detriment in the films than other men. Take, for instance, the Belasco-Lasky production of The Rose of the Rancho with Bessie Barriscale as the heroine. It has many highly modelled action-tableaus, and others that come under the classification of this chapter. When I was attending it not long ago, here in my home town, the fair companion at my side said that one scene looked like a painting by Sorolla y Bastida, the Spaniard. It is the episode where the Rose sends back her servant to inquire the hero's name. As a matter of fact there were Sorollas and Zuloagas all through the piece. The betrothal reception with flying confetti was a satisfying piece of Spanish splendor. It was space music indeed, space measured without sound. Incidentally the cast is to be congratulated on its picturesque acting, especially Miss Barriscale in her impersonation of the Rose. It is harder to grasp the other side of the paradox, picture-motions considered as _time measured without sound_. But think of a lively and humoresque clock that does not tick and takes only an hour to record a day. Think of a noiseless electric vehicle, where you are looking out of the windows, going down the smooth boulevard of Wonderland. Consider a film with three simple time-elements: 1 that of the pursuer, 2 the pursued, 3 the observation vehicle of the camera following the road and watching both of them, now faster, now slower than they, as the photographer overtakes the actors or allows them to hurry ahead. The plain chase is a bore because there are only these three time-elements. But the chase principle survives in every motion picture and we simply need more of this sort of time measurement, better considered. The more the non-human objects, the human actors, and the observer move at a varying pace, the greater chances there are for what might be called time-and-space music. No two people in the same room should gesture at one mechanical rate, or lift their forks or spoons, keeping obviously together. Yet it stands to reason that each successive tableau should be not only a charming picture, but the totals of motion should be an orchestration of various speeds, of abrupt, graceful, and seemingly awkward progress, worked into a silent symphony. Supposing it is a fisher-maiden's romance. In the background the waves toss in one tempo. Owing to the sail, the boat rocks in another. In the foreground the tree alternately bends and recovers itself in the breeze, making more opposition than the sail. In still another time-unit the smoke rolls from the chimney, making no resistance to the wind. In another unit, the lovers pace the sand. Yet there is one least common multiple in which all move. This the producing genius should sense and make part of the dramatic structure, and it would have its bearing on the periodic appearance of the minor and major crises. Films like this, you say, would be hard to make. Yes. Here is the place to affirm that the one-reel Intimate Photoplay will no doubt be the form in which this type of time-and-space music is developed. The music of silent motion is the most abstract of moving picture attributes and will probably remain the least comprehended. Like the quality of Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean, or that of Shelley's Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, it will not satisfy the sudden and the brash. * * * * * The reader will find in his round of the picture theatres many single scenes and parts of plays that elucidate the title of this chapter. Often the first two-thirds of the story will fit it well. Then the producers, finding that, for reasons they do not understand, with the best and most earnest actors they cannot work the three reels into an emotional climax, introduce some stupid disaster and rescue utterly irrelevant to the character-parts and the paintings that have preceded. Whether the alleged thesis be love, hate, or ambition, cottage charm, daisy dell sweetness, or the ivy beauty of an ancient estate, the resource for the final punch seems to be something like a train-wreck. But the transfiguration of the actors, not their destruction or rescue, is the goal. The last moment of the play is great, not when it is a grandiose salvation from a burning house, that knocks every delicate preceding idea in the head, but a tableau that is as logical as the awakening of the Sleeping Beauty after the hero has explored all the charmed castle. The Action Pictures are sculpture-in-motion, the Intimate Pictures, paintings-in-motion, the Splendor Pictures, many and diverse. It seems far-fetched, perhaps, to complete the analogy and say they are architecture-in-motion; yet, patient reader, unless I am mistaken, that assumption can be given a value in time without straining your imagination. Landscape gardening, mural painting, church building, and furniture making as well, are some of the things that come under the head of architecture. They are discussed between the covers of any architectural magazine. There is a particular relation in the photoplay between Crowd Pictures and landscape conceptions, between Patriotic Films and mural paintings, between Religious Films and architecture. And there is just as much of a relation between Fairy Tales and furniture, which same is discussed in this chapter. Let us return to Moving Day, chapter four. This idea has been represented many times with a certain sameness because the producers have not thought out the philosophy behind it. A picture that is all action is a plague, one that is all elephantine and pachydermatous pageant is a bore, and, most emphatically, a film that is all mechanical legerdemain is a nuisance. The possible charm in a so-called trick picture is in eliminating the tricks, giving them dignity till they are no longer such, but thoughts in motion and made visible. In Moving Day the shoes are the most potent. They go through a drama that is natural to them. To march without human feet inside is but to exaggerate themselves. It would not be amusing to have them walk upside down, for instance. As long as the worn soles touch the pavement, we unconsciously conjure up the character of the absent owners, about whom the shoes are indeed gossiping. So let the remainder of the furniture keep still while the shoes do their best. Let us call to mind a classic fairy-tale involving shoes that are magical: The Seven Leagued Boots, for example, or The Enchanted Moccasins, or the footwear of Puss in Boots. How gorgeous and embroidered any of these should be, and at a crisis what sly antics they should be brought to play, without fidgeting all over the shop! Cinderella's Slipper is not sufficiently the heroine in moving pictures of that story. It should be the tiny leading lady of the piece, in the same sense the mighty steam-engine is the hero of the story in chapter two. The peasants when they used to tell the tale by the hearth fire said the shoe was made of glass. This was in mediæval Europe, at a time when glass was much more of a rarity. The material was chosen to imply a sort of jewelled strangeness from the start. When Cinderella loses it in her haste, it should flee at once like a white mouse, to hide under the sofa. It should be pictured there with special artifice, so that the sensuous little foot of every girl-child in the audience will tingle to wear it. It should move a bit when the prince comes frantically hunting his lady, and peep out just in time for that royal personage to spy it. Even at the coronation it should be the centre of the ritual, more gazed at than the crown, and on as dazzling a cushion. The final taking on of the slipper by the lady should be as stately a ceremony as the putting of the circlet of gold on her aureole hair. So much for Cinderella. But there are novel stories that should be evolved by preference, about new sorts of magic shoes. We have not exhausted Moving Day. The chairs kept still through the Cinderella discourse. Now let them take their innings. Instead of having all of them dance about, invest but one with an inner life. Let its special attributes show themselves but gradually, reaching their climax at the highest point of excitement in the reel, and being an integral part of that enthusiasm. Perhaps, though we be inventing a new fairy-tale, it will resemble the Siege Perilous in the Arthurian story, the chair where none but the perfect knight could sit. A dim row of flaming swords might surround it. When the soul entitled to use this throne appears, the swords might fade away and the gray cover hanging in slack folds roll back because of an inner energy and the chair might turn from gray to white, and with a subtle change of line become a throne. The photoplay imagination which is able to impart vital individuality to furniture will not stop there. Let the buildings emanate conscious life. The author-producer-photographer, or one or all three, will make into a personality some place akin to the House of the Seven Gables till the ancient building dominates the fancy as it does in Hawthorne's tale. There are various ways to bring about this result: by having its outlines waver in the twilight, by touches of phosphorescence, or by the passing of inexplicable shadows or the like. It depends upon what might be called the genius of the building. There is the Poe story of The Fall of the House of Usher, where with the death of the last heir the castle falls crumbling into the tarn. There are other possible tales on such terms, never yet imagined, to be born to-morrow. Great structures may become in sort villains, as in the old Bible narrative of the origin of the various languages. The producer can show the impious Babel Tower, going higher and higher into the sky, fascinating and tempting the architects till a confusion of tongues turns those masons into quarrelling mobs that become departing caravans, leaving her blasted and forsaken, a symbol of every Babylon that rose after her. There are fables where the rocks and the mountains speak. Emerson has given us one where the Mountain and the Squirrel had a quarrel. The Mountain called the Squirrel "Little Prig." And then continues a clash of personalities more possible to illustrate than at first appears. Here we come to the second stage of the fairy-tale where the creature seems so unmanageable in his physical aspect that some actor must be substituted who will embody the essence of him. To properly illustrate the quarrel of the Mountain and the Squirrel, the steep height should quiver and heave and then give forth its personality in the figure of a vague smoky giant, capable of human argument, but with oak-roots in his hair, and Bun, perhaps, become a jester in squirrel's dress. Or it may be our subject matter is a tall Dutch clock. Father Time himself might emerge therefrom. Or supposing it is a chapel, in a knight's adventure. An angel should step from the carving by the door: a design that is half angel, half flower. But let the clock first tremble a bit. Let the carving stir a little, and then let the spirit come forth, that there may be a fine relation between the impersonator and the thing represented. A statue too often takes on life by having the actor abruptly substituted. The actor cannot logically take on more personality than the statue has. He can only give that personality expression in a new channel. In the realm of letters, a real transformation scene, rendered credible to the higher fancy by its slow cumulative movement, is the tale of the change of the dying Rowena to the living triumphant Ligeia in Poe's story of that name. Substitution is not the fairy-story. It is transformation, transfiguration, that is the fairy-story, be it a divine or a diabolical change. There is never more than one witch in a forest, one Siege Perilous at any Round Table. But she is indeed a witch and the other is surely a Siege Perilous. We might define Fairy Splendor as furniture transfigured, for without transfiguration there is no spiritual motion of any kind. But the phrase "furniture-in-motion" serves a purpose. It gets us back to the earth for a reason. Furniture is architecture, and the fairy-tale picture should certainly be drawn with architectural lines. The normal fairy-tale is a sort of tiny informal child's religion, the baby's secular temple, and it should have for the most part that touch of delicate sublimity that we see in the mountain chapel or grotto, or fancy in the dwellings of Aucassin and Nicolette. When such lines are drawn by the truly sophisticated producer, there lies in them the secret of a more than ritualistic power. Good fairy architecture amounts to an incantation in itself. If it is a grown-up legend, it must be more than monumental in its lines, like the great stone face of Hawthorne's tale. Even a chair can reach this estate. For instance, let it be the throne of Wodin, illustrating some passage in Norse mythology. If this throne has a language, it speaks with the lightning; if it shakes with its threat, it moves the entire mountain range beneath it. Let the wizard-author-producer climb up from the tricks of Moving Day to the foot-hills where he can see this throne against the sky, as a superarchitect would draw it. But even if he can give this vision in the films, his task will not be worth while if he is simply a teller of old stories. Let us have magic shoes about which are more golden dreams than those concerning Cinderella. Let us have stranger castles than that of Usher, more dazzling chairs than the Siege Perilous. Let us have the throne of Liberty, not the throne of Wodin. There is one outstanding photoplay that I always have in mind when I think of film magic. It illustrates some principles of this chapter and chapter four, as well as many others through the book. It is Griffith's production of The Avenging Conscience. It is also an example of that rare thing, a use of old material that is so inspired that it has the dignity of a new creation. The raw stuff of the plot is pieced together from the story of The Tell-tale Heart and the poem Annabel Lee. It has behind it, in the further distance, Poe's conscience stories of The Black Cat, and William Wilson. I will describe the film here at length, and apply it to whatever chapters it illustrates. An austere and cranky bachelor well impersonated by Spottiswoode Aitken brings up his orphan nephew with an awkward affection. The nephew is impersonated by Henry B. Walthall. The uncle has an ambition that the boy will become a man of letters. In his attempts at literature the youth is influenced by Poe. This brings about the Poe quality of his dreams at the crisis. The uncle is silently exasperated when he sees his boy's writing-time broken into, and wasted, as he thinks, by an affair with a lovely Annabel Blanche Sweet. The intimacy and confidence of the lovers has progressed so far that it is a natural thing for the artless girl to cross the gardens and after hesitation knock at the door. She wants to know what has delayed her boy. She is all in a flutter on account of the overdue appointment to go to a party together. The scene of the pretty hesitancy on the step, her knocking, and the final impatient tapping with her foot is one of the best illustrations of the intimate mood in photoplay episodes. On the girl's entrance the uncle overwhelms her and the boy by saying she is pursuing his nephew like a common woman of the town. The words actually burst through the film, not as a melodramatic, but as an actual insult. This is a thing almost impossible to do in the photoplay. This outrage in the midst of an atmosphere of chivalry is one of Griffith's master-moments. It accounts for the volcanic fury of the nephew that takes such trouble to burn itself out afterwards. It is not easy for the young to learn that they must let those people flay them for an hour who have made every sacrifice for them through a life-time. This scene of insult and the confession scene, later in this film, moved me as similar passages in high drama would do; and their very rareness, even in the hands of photoplay masters, indicates that such purely dramatic climaxes cannot be the main asset of the moving picture. Over and over, with the best talent and producers, they fail. The boy and girl go to the party in spite of the uncle. It is while on the way that the boy looks on the face of a stranger who afterwards mixes up in his dream as the detective. There is a mistake in the printing here. There are several minutes of a worldly-wise oriental dance to amuse the guests, while the lovers are alone at another end of the garden. It is, possibly, the aptest contrast with the seriousness of our hero and heroine. But the social affair could have had a better title than the one that is printed on the film "An Old-fashioned Sweetheart Party." Possibly the dance was put in after the title. The lovers part forever. The girl's pride has had a mortal wound. About this time is thrown on the screen the kind of a climax quite surely possible to the photoplay. It reminds one, not of the mood of Poe's verse, but of the spirit of the paintings of George Frederick Watts. It is allied in some way, in my mind, with his "Love and Life," though but a single draped figure within doors, and "Love and Life" are undraped figures, climbing a mountain. The boy, having said good-by, remembers the lady Annabel. It is a crisis after the event. In his vision she is shown in a darkened passageway, all in white, looking out of the window upon the moonlit sky. Simple enough in its elements, this vision is shown twice in glory. The third replica has not the same glamour. The first two are transfigurations into divinity. The phrase thrown on the screen is "The moon never beams without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee." And the sense of loss goes through and through one like a flight of arrows. Another noble picture, more realistic, more sculpturesque, is of Annabel mourning on her knees in her room. Her bended head makes her akin to "Niobe, all tears." The boy meditating on a park-path is meanwhile watching the spider in his web devour the fly. Then he sees the ants in turn destroy the spider. These pictures are shown on so large a scale that the spiderweb fills the end of the theatre. Then the ant-tragedy does the same. They can be classed as particularly apt hieroglyphics in the sense of chapter thirteen. Their horror and decorative iridescence are of the Poe sort. It is the first hint of the Poe hieroglyphic we have had except the black patch over the eye of the uncle, along with his jaundiced, cadaverous face. The boy meditates on how all nature turns on cruelty and the survival of the fittest. He passes just now an Italian laborer impersonated by George Seigmann. This laborer enters later into his dream. He finally goes to sleep in his chair, the resolve to kill his uncle rankling in his heart. The audience is not told that a dream begins. To understand that, one must see the film through twice. But it is perfectly legitimate to deceive us. Through our ignorance we share the young man's hallucinations, entering into them as imperceptibly as he does. We think it is the next morning. Poe would start the story just here, and here the veritable Poe-esque quality begins. After debate within himself as to means, the nephew murders his uncle and buries him in the thick wall of the chimney. The Italian laborer witnesses the death-struggle through the window. While our consciences are aching and the world crashes round us, he levies black-mail. Then for due compensation the Italian becomes an armed sentinel. The boy fears detection. Yet the foolish youth thinks he will be happy. But every time he runs to meet his sweetheart he is appalled by hallucinations over her shoulder. The cadaverous ghost of the uncle is shown on the screen several times. It is an appearance visible to the young man and the audience only. Later the ghost is implied by the actions of the guilty one. We merely imagine it. This is a piece of sound technique. We no more need a dray full of ghosts than a dray full of jumping furniture. The village in general has never suspected the nephew. Only two people suspect him: the broken-hearted girl and an old friend of his father. This gentleman puts a detective on the trail. The detective is impersonated by Ralph Lewis. The gradual breakdown of the victim is traced by dramatic degrees. This is the second case of the thing I have argued as being generally impossible in a photoplay chronicle of a private person, and which the considerations of chapter twelve indicate as exceptional. We trace the innermost psychology of one special citizen step by step to the crisis, and that path is actually the primary interest of the story. The climax is the confession to the detective. With this self-exposure the direct Poe-quality of the technique comes to an end. Moreover, Poe would end the story here. But the Poe-dream is set like a dark jewel in a gold ring, of which more anon. Let us dwell upon the confession. The first stage of this conscience-climax is reached by the dramatization of The Tell-tale Heart reminiscence in the memory of the dreaming man. The episode makes a singular application of the theories with which this chapter begins. For furniture-in-motion we have the detective's pencil. For trappings and inventions in motion we have his tapping shoe and the busy clock pendulum. Because this scene is so powerful the photoplay is described in this chapter rather than any other, though the application is more spiritual than literal. The half-mad boy begins to divulge that he thinks that the habitual ticking of the clock is satanically timed to the beating of the dead man's heart. Here more unearthliness hovers round a pendulum than any merely mechanical trick-movements could impart. Then the merest commonplace of the detective tapping his pencil in the same time the boy trying in vain to ignore it increases the strain, till the audience has well-nigh the hallucinations of the victim. Then the bold tapping of the detective's foot, who would do all his accusing without saying a word, and the startling coincidence of the owl hoot-hooting outside the window to the same measure, bring us close to the final breakdown. These realistic material actors are as potent as the actual apparitions of the dead man that preceded them. Those visions prepared the mind to invest trifles with significance. The pencil and the pendulum conducting themselves in an apparently everyday fashion, satisfy in a far nobler way the thing in the cave-man attending the show that made him take note in other centuries of the rope that began to hang the butcher, the fire that began to burn the stick, and the stick that began to beat the dog. Now the play takes a higher demoniacal plane reminiscent of Poe's Bells. The boy opens the door. He peers into the darkness. There he sees them. They are the nearest to the sinister Poe quality of any illustrations I recall that attempt it. "They are neither man nor woman, they are neither brute nor human; they are ghouls." The scenes are designed with the architectural dignity that the first part of this chapter has insisted wizard trappings should take on. Now it is that the boy confesses and the Poe story ends. Then comes what the photoplay people call the punch. It is discussed at the end of chapter nine. It is a kind of solar plexus blow to the sensibilities, certainly by this time an unnecessary part of the film. Usually every soul movement carefully built up to where the punch begins is forgotten in the material smash or rescue. It is not so bad in this case, but it is a too conventional proceeding for Griffith. The boy flees interminably to a barn too far away. There is a siege by a posse, led by the detective. It is veritable border warfare. The Italian leads an unsuccessful rescue party. The unfortunate youth finally hangs himself. The beautiful Annabel bursts through the siege a moment too late; then, heart broken, kills herself. These things are carried out by good technicians. But it would have been better to have had the suicide with but a tiny part of the battle, and the story five reels long instead of six. This physical turmoil is carried into the spiritual world only by the psychic momentum acquired through the previous confession scene. The one thing with intrinsic pictorial heart-power is the death of Annabel by jumping off the sea cliff. Then comes the awakening. To every one who sees the film for the first time it is like the forgiveness of sins. The boy finds his uncle still alive. In revulsion from himself, he takes the old man into his arms. The uncle has already begun to be ashamed of his terrible words, and has prayed for a contrite heart. The radiant Annabel is shown in the early dawn rising and hurrying to her lover in spite of her pride. She will bravely take back her last night's final word. She cannot live without him. The uncle makes amends to the girl. The three are in the inconsistent but very human mood of sweet forgiveness for love's sake, that sometimes overtakes the bitterest of us after some crisis in our days. The happy pair are shown, walking through the hills. Thrown upon the clouds for them are the moods of the poet-lover's heart. They look into the woods and see his fancies of Spring, the things that he will some day write. These pageants might be longer. They furnish the great climax. They make a consistent parallel and contrast with the ghoul-visions that end with the confession to the detective. They wipe that terror from the mind. They do not represent Poe. The rabbits, the leopard, the fairies, Cupid and Psyche in the clouds, and the little loves from the hollow trees are contributions to the original poetry of the eye. Finally, the central part of this production of the Avenging Conscience is no dilution of Poe, but an adequate interpretation, a story he might have written. Those who have the European respect for Poe's work will be most apt to be satisfied with this section, including the photographic texture which may be said to be an authentic equivalent of his prose. How often Poe has been primly patronized for his majestic quality, the wizard power which looms above all his method and subject-matter and furnishes the only reason for its existence! For Griffith to embroider this Poe Interpretation in the centre of a fairly consistent fabric, and move on into a radiant climax of his own that is in organic relation to the whole, is an achievement indeed. The final criticism is that the play is derivative. It is not built from new material in all its parts, as was the original story. One must be a student of Poe to get its ultimate flavor. But in reading Poe's own stories, one need not be a reader of any one special preceding writer to get the strange and solemn exultation of that literary enchanter. He is the quintessence of his own lonely soul. Though the wizard element is paramount in the Poe episode of this film, the appeal to the conscience is only secondary to this. It is keener than in Poe, owing to the human elements before and after. The Chameleon producer approximates in The Avenging Conscience the type of mystic teacher, discussed in the twentieth chapter: "The Prophet-Wizard." This chapter is a superstructure upon the foundations of chapters five, six, and seven. I have said that it is a quality, not a defect, of the photoplays that while the actors tend to become types and hieroglyphics and dolls, on the other hand, dolls and hieroglyphics and mechanisms tend to become human. By an extension of this principle, non-human tones, textures, lines, and spaces take on a vitality almost like that of flesh and blood. It is partly for this reason that some energy is hereby given to the matter of reënforcing the idea that the people with the proper training to take the higher photoplays in hand are not veteran managers of vaudeville circuits, but rather painters, sculptors, and architects, preferably those who are in the flush of their first reputation in these crafts. Let us imagine the centres of the experimental drama, such as the Drama League, the Universities, and the stage societies, calling in people of these professions and starting photoplay competitions and enterprises. Let the thesis be here emphasized that the architects, above all, are the men to advance the work in the ultra-creative photoplay. "But few architects," you say, "are creative, even in their own profession." Let us begin with the point of view of the highly trained pedantic young builder, the type that, in the past few years, has honored our landscape with those paradoxical memorials of Abraham Lincoln the railsplitter, memorials whose Ionic columns are straight from Paris. Pericles is the real hero of such a man, not Lincoln. So let him for the time surrender completely to that great Greek. He is worthy of a monument nobler than any America has set up to any one. The final pictures may be taken in front of buildings with which the architect or his favorite master has already edified this republic, or if the war is over, before some surviving old-world models. But whatever the method, let him study to express at last the thing that moves within him as a creeping fire, which Americans do not yet understand and the loss of which makes the classic in our architecture a mere piling of elegant stones upon one another. In the arrangement of crowds and flow of costuming and study of tableau climaxes, let the architect bring an illusion of that delicate flowering, that brilliant instant of time before the Peloponnesian war. It does not seem impossible when one remembers the achievements of the author of Cabiria in approximating Rome and Carthage. Let the principal figure of the pageant be the virgin Athena, walking as a presence visible only to us, yet among her own people, and robed and armed and panoplied, the guardian of Pericles, appearing in those streets that were herself. Let the architect show her as she came only in a vision to Phidias, while the dramatic writers and mathematicians and poets and philosophers go by. The crowds should be like pillars of Athens, and she like a great pillar. The crowds should be like the tossing waves of the Ionic Sea and Athena like the white ship upon the waves. The audiences in the tragedies should be shown like wheat-fields on the hill-sides, always stately yet blown by the wind, and Athena the one sower and reaper. Crowds should descend the steps of the Acropolis, nymphs and fauns and Olympians, carved as it were from the marble, yet flowing like a white cataract down into the town, bearing with them Athena, their soul. All this in the Photoplay of Pericles. No civic or national incarnation since that time appeals to the poets like the French worship of the Maid of Orleans. In Percy MacKaye's book, The Present Hour, he says on the French attitude toward the war: "Half artist and half anchorite, Part siren and part Socrates, Her face alluring fair, yet recondite Smiled through her salons and academies. "Lightly she wore her double mask, Till sudden, at war's kindling spark, Her inmost self, in shining mail and casque, Blazed to the world her single soul Jeanne d'Arc!" To make a more elaborate showing of what is meant by architecture-in-motion, let us progress through the centuries and suppose that the builder has this enthusiasm for France, that he is slowly setting about to build a photoplay around the idea of the Maid. First let him take the mural painting point of view. Bear in mind these characteristics of that art: it is wall-painting that is an organic part of the surface on which it appears: it is on the same lines as the building and adapted to the colors and forms of the structure of which it is a part. The wall-splendors of America that are the most scattered about in inexpensive copies are the decorations of the Boston Public Library. Note the pillar-like quality of Sargent's prophets, the solemn dignity of Abbey's Holy Grail series, the grand horizontals and perpendiculars of the work of Puvis de Chavannes. The last is the orthodox mural painter of the world, but the other two will serve the present purpose also. These architectural paintings if they were dramatized, still retaining their powerful lines, would be three exceedingly varied examples of what is meant by architecture-in-motion. The visions that appear to Jeanne d'Arc might be delineated in the mood of some one of these three painters. The styles will not mix in the same episode. A painter from old time we mention here, not because he was orthodox, but because of his genius for the drawing of action, and because he covered tremendous wall-spaces with Venetian tone and color, is Tintoretto. If there is a mistrust that the mural painting standard will tend to destroy the sense of action, Tintoretto will restore confidence in that regard. As the Winged Victory represents flying in sculpture, so his work is the extreme example of action with the brush. The Venetians called him the furious painter. One must understand a man through his admirers. So explore Ruskin's sayings on Tintoretto. I have a dozen moving picture magazine clippings, which are in their humble way first or second cousins of mural paintings. I will describe but two, since the method of selection has already been amply indicated, and the reader can find his own examples. For a Crowd Picture, for instance, here is a scene at a masquerade ball. The glitter of the costumes is an extension of the glitter of the candelabra overhead. The people are as it were chandeliers, hung lower down. The lines of the candelabra relate to the very ribbon streamers of the heroine, and the massive wood-work is the big brother of the square-shouldered heroes in the foreground, though one is a clown, one is a Russian Duke, and one is Don Cæsar De Bazan. The building is the father of the people. These relations can be kept in the court scenes of the production of Jeanne d'Arc. Here is a night picture from a war story in which the light is furnished by two fires whose coals and brands are hidden by earth heaped in front. The sentiment of tenting on the old camp-ground pervades the scene. The far end of the line of those keeping bivouac disappears into the distance, and the depths of the ranks behind them fade into the thick shadows. The flag, a little above the line, catches the light. One great tree overhead spreads its leafless half-lit arms through the gloom. Behind all this is unmitigated black. The composition reminds one of a Hiroshige study of midnight. These men are certainly a part of the architecture of out of doors, and mysterious as the vault of Heaven. This type of a camp-fire is possible in our Jeanne d'Arc. These pictures, new and old, great and unknown, indicate some of the standards of judgment and types of vision whereby our conception of the play is to be evolved. By what means shall we block it in? Our friend Tintoretto made use of methods which are here described from one of his biographers, W. Roscoe Osler: "They have been much enlarged upon in the different biographies as the means whereby Tintoretto obtained his power. They constituted, however, his habitual method of determining the effect and general grouping of his compositions. He moulded with extreme care small models of his figures in wax and clay. Titian and other painters as well as Tintoretto employed this method as the means of determining the light and shade of their design. Afterwards the later stages of their work were painted from the life. But in Tintoretto's compositions the position and arrangement of his figures as he began to dwell upon his great conceptions were such as to render the study from the living model a matter of great difficulty and at times an impossibility.... He ... modelled his sculptures ... imparting to his models a far more complete character than had been customary. These firmly moulded figures, sometimes draped, sometimes free, he suspended in a box made of wood, or of cardboard for his smaller work, in whose walls he made an aperture to admit a lighted candle.... He sits moving the light about amidst his assemblage of figures. Every aspect of sublimity of light suitable to a Madonna surrounded with angels, or a heavenly choir, finds its miniature response among the figures as the light moves. "This was the method by which, in conjunction with a profound study of outward nature, sympathy with the beauty of different types of face and varieties of form, with the many changing hues of the Venetian scene, with the great laws of color and a knowledge of literature and history, he was able to shadow forth his great imagery of the intuitional world." This method of Tintoretto suggests several possible derivatives in the preparation of motion pictures. Let the painters and sculptors be now called upon for painting models and sculptural models, while the architect, already present, supplies the architectural models, all three giving us visible scenarios to furnish the cardinal motives for the acting, from which the amateur photoplay company of the university can begin their interpretation. For episodes that follow the precedent of the simple Action Film tiny wax models of the figures, toned and costumed to the heart's delight, would tell the high points of the story. Let them represent, perhaps, seven crucial situations from the proposed photoplay. Let them be designed as uniquely in their dresses as are the Russian dancers' dresses, by Léon Bakst. Then to alternate with these, seven little paintings of episodes, designed in blacks, whites, and grays, each representing some elusive point in the intimate aspects of the story. Let there be a definite system of space and texture relations retained throughout the set. The models for the splendor scenes would, of course, be designed by the architect, and these other scenes alternated with and subordinated to his work. The effects which he would conceive would be on a grander scale. The models for these might be mere extensions of the methods of those others, but in the typical and highest let us imagine ourselves going beyond Tintoretto in preparation. Let the principal splendor moods and effects be indicated by actual structures, such miniatures as architects offer along with their plans of public buildings, but transfigured beyond that standard by the light of inspiration combined with experimental candle-light, spot-light, sunlight, or torchlight. They must not be conceived as stage arrangements of wax figures with harmonious and fitting backgrounds, but as backgrounds that clamor for utterance through the figures in front of them, as Athens finds her soul in the Athena with which we began. These three sorts of models, properly harmonized, should have with them a written scenario constructed to indicate all the scenes between. The scenario will lead up to these models for climaxes and hold them together in the celestial hurdle-race. We have in our museums some definite architectural suggestions as to the style of these models. There are in Blackstone Hall in the Chicago Art Institute several great Romanesque and Gothic portals, pillars, and statues that might tell directly upon certain settings of our Jeanne d'Arc pageant. They are from Notre Dame du Port at Clermont-Ferrand, the Abbey church of St. Gilles, the Abbey of Charlieu, the Cathedral of Amiens, Notre Dame at Paris, the Cathedral of Bordeaux, and the Cathedral of Rheims. Perhaps the object I care for most in the Metropolitan Museum, New York, is the complete model of Notre Dame, Paris, by M. Joly. Why was this model of Notre Dame made with such exquisite pains? Certainly not as a matter of mere information or cultivation. I venture the first right these things have to be taken care of in museums is to stimulate to new creative effort. I went to look over the Chicago collection with a friend and poet Arthur Davison Ficke. He said something to this effect: "The first thing I see when I look at these fragments is the whole cathedral in all its original proportions. Then I behold the mediæval marketplace hunched against the building, burying the foundations, the life of man growing rank and weedlike around it. Then I see the bishop coming from the door with his impressive train. But a crusade may go by on the way to the Holy Land. A crusade may come home battered and in rags. I get the sense of life, as of a rapid in a river flowing round a great rock." The cathedral stands for the age-long meditation of the ascetics in the midst of battling tribes. This brooding architecture has a blood-brotherhood with the meditating, saint-seeing Jeanne d'Arc. There is in the Metropolitan Museum a large and famous canvas painted by the dying Bastien-Lepage; Jeanne Listening to the Voices. It is a picture of which the technicians and the poets are equally enamored. The tale of Jeanne d'Arc could be told, carrying this particular peasant girl through the story. And for a piece of architectural pageantry akin to the photoplay ballroom scene already described, yet far above it, there is nothing more apt for our purpose than the painting by Boutet de Monvel filling the space at the top of the stair at the Chicago Art Institute. Though the Bastien-Lepage is a large painting, this is many times the size. It shows Joan's visit at the court of Chinon. It is big without being empty. It conveys a glitter which expresses one of the things that is meant by the phrase: Splendor Photoplay. But for moving picture purposes it is the Bastien-Lepage Joan that should appear here, set in dramatic contrast to the Boutet de Monvel Court. Two valuable neighbors to whom I have read this chapter suggest that the whole Boutet de Monvel illustrated child's book about our heroine could be used on this grand scale, for a background. The Inness room at the Chicago Art Institute is another school for the meditative producer, if he would evolve his tribute to France on American soil. Though no photoplay tableau has yet approximated the brush of Inness, why not attempt to lead Jeanne through an Inness landscape? The Bastien-Lepage trees are in France. But here is an American world in which one could see visions and hear voices. Where is the inspired camera that will record something of what Inness beheld? Thus much for the atmosphere and trappings of our Jeanne d'Arc scenario. Where will we get our story? It should, of course, be written from the ground up for this production, but as good Americans we would probably find a mass of suggestions in Mark Twain's Joan of Arc. Quite recently a moving picture company sent its photographers to Springfield, Illinois, and produced a story with our city for a background, using our social set for actors. Backed by the local commercial association for whose benefit the thing was made, the resources of the place were at the command of routine producers. Springfield dressed its best, and acted with fair skill. The heroine was a charming débutante, the hero the son of Governor Dunne. The Mine Owner's Daughter was at best a mediocre photoplay. But this type of social-artistic event, that happened once, may be attempted a hundred times, each time slowly improving. Which brings us to something that is in the end very far from The Mine Owner's Daughter. By what scenario method the following film or series of films is to be produced I will not venture to say. No doubt the way will come if once the dream has a sufficient hold. I have long maintained that my home-town should have a goddess like Athena. The legend should be forthcoming. The producer, while not employing armies, should use many actors and the tale be told with the same power with which the productions of Judith of Bethulia and The Battle Hymn of the Republic were evolved. While the following story may not be the form which Springfield civic religion will ultimately take, it is here recorded as a second cousin of the dream that I hope will some day be set forth. Late in an afternoon in October, a light is seen in the zenith like a dancing star. The clouds form round it in the approximation of a circle. Now there becomes visible a group of heads and shoulders of presences that are looking down through the ring of clouds, watching the star, like giant children that peep down a well. The jewel descends by four sparkling chains, so far away they look to be dewy threads of silk. As the bright mystery grows larger it appears to be approaching the treeless hill of Washington Park, a hill that is surrounded by many wooded ridges. The people come running from everywhere to watch. Here indeed will be a Crowd Picture with as many phases as a stormy ocean. Flying machines appear from the Fair Ground north of the city, and circle round and round as they go up, trying to reach the slowly descending plummet. * * * * * At last, while the throng cheers, one bird-man has attained it. He brings back his message that the gift is an image, covered loosely with a wrapping that seems to be of spun gold. Now the many aviators whirl round the descending wonder, like seagulls playing about a ship's mast. Soon, amid an awestruck throng, the image is on the hillock. The golden chains, and the giant children holding them there above, have melted into threads of mist and nothingness. The shining wrapping falls away. The people look upon a seated statue of marble and gold. There is a branch of wrought-gold maple leaves in her hands. Then beside the image is a fluttering transfigured presence of which the image seems to be a representation. This spirit, carrying a living maple branch in her hand, says to the people: "Men and Women of Springfield, this carving is the Lady Springfield sent by your Lord from Heaven. Build no canopy over her. Let her ever be under the prairie-sky. Do her perpetual honor." The messenger, who is the soul and voice of Springfield, fades into the crowd, to emerge on great and terrible occasions. This is only one story. Round this public event let the photoplay romancer weave what tales of private fortune he will, narratives bound up with the events of that October day, as the story of Nathan and Naomi is woven into Judith of Bethulia. Henceforth the city officers are secular priests of Our Lady Springfield. Their failure in duty is a profanation of her name. A yearly pledge of the first voters is taken in her presence like the old Athenian oath of citizenship. The seasonal pageants march to the statue's feet, scattering flowers. The important outdoor festivals are given on the edge of her hill. All the roads lead to her footstool. Pilgrims come from the Seven Seas to look upon her face that is carved by Invisible Powers. Moreover, the living messenger that is her actual soul appears in dreams, or visions of the open day, when the days are dark for the city, when her patriots are irresolute, and her children are put to shame. This spirit with the maple branch rallies them, leads them to victories like those that were won of old in the name of Jeanne d'Arc or Pallas Athena herself. The stage is dependent upon three lines of tradition: first, that of Greece and Rome that came down through the French. Second, the English style, ripened from the miracle play and the Shakespearian stage. And third, the Ibsen precedent from Norway, now so firmly established it is classic. These methods are obscured by the commercialized dramas, but they are behind them all. Let us discuss for illustration the Ibsen tradition. Ibsen is generally the vitriolic foe of pageant. He must be read aloud. He stands for the spoken word, for the iron power of life that may be concentrated in a phrase like the "All or nothing" of Brand. Though Peer Gynt has its spectacular side, Ibsen generally comes in through the ear alone. He can be acted in essentials from end to end with one table and four chairs in any parlor. The alleged punch with which the "movie" culminates has occurred three or ten years before the Ibsen curtain goes up. At the close of every act of the dramas of this Norwegian one might inscribe on the curtain "This the magnificent moving picture cannot achieve." Likewise after every successful film described in this book could be inscribed "This the trenchant Ibsen cannot do." But a photoplay of Ghosts came to our town. The humor of the prospect was the sort too deep for tears. My pastor and I reread the William Archer translation that we might be alert for every antithesis. Together we went to the services. Since then the film has been furiously denounced by the literati. Floyd Dell's discriminating assault upon it is quoted in Current Opinion, October, 1915, and Margaret Anderson prints a denunciation of it in a recent number of The Little Review. But it is not such a bad film in itself. It is not Ibsen. It should be advertised "The Iniquities of the Fathers, an American drama of Eugenics, in a Palatial Setting." Henry Walthall as Alving, afterward as his son, shows the men much as Ibsen outlines their characters. Of course the only way to be Ibsen is to be so precisely. In the new plot all is open as the day. The world is welcome, and generally present when the man or his son go forth to see the elephant and hear the owl. Provincial hypocrisy is not implied. But Ibsen can scarcely exist without an atmosphere of secrecy for his human volcanoes to burst through in the end. Mary Alden as Mrs. Alving shows in her intelligent and sensitive countenance that she has a conception of that character. She does not always have the chance to act the woman written in her face, the tart, thinking, handsome creature that Ibsen prefers. Nigel Debrullier looks the buttoned-up Pastor Manders, even to caricature. But the crawling, bootlicking carpenter, Jacob Engstrand, is changed into a respectable, guileless man with an income. And his wife and daughter are helpless, conventional, upper-class rabbits. They do not remind one of the saucy originals. The original Ibsen drama is the result of mixing up five particular characters through three acts. There is not a situation but would go to pieces if one personality were altered. Here are two, sadly tampered with: Engstrand and his daughter. Here is the mother, who is only referred to in Ibsen. Here is the elder Alving, who disappears before the original play starts. So the twenty great Ibsen situations in the stage production are gone. One new crisis has an Ibsen irony and psychic tension. The boy is taken with the dreaded intermittent pains in the back of his head. He is painting the order that is to make him famous: the King's portrait. While the room empties of people he writhes on the floor. If this were all, it would have been one more moving picture failure to put through a tragic scene. But the thing is reiterated in tableau-symbol. He is looking sideways in terror. A hairy arm with clutching demon claws comes thrusting in toward the back of his neck. He writhes in deadly fear. The audience is appalled for him. This visible clutch of heredity is the nearest equivalent that is offered for the whispered refrain: "Ghosts," in the original masterpiece. This hand should also be reiterated as a refrain, three times at least, before this tableau, each time more dreadful and threatening. It appears but the once, and has no chance to become a part of the accepted hieroglyphics of the piece, as it should be, to realize its full power. The father's previous sins have been acted out. The boy's consequent struggle with the malady has been traced step by step, so the play should end here. It would then be a rough equivalent of the Ibsen irony in a contrary medium. Instead of that, it wanders on through paraphrases of scraps of the play, sometimes literal, then quite alien, on to the alleged motion picture punch, when the Doctor is the god from the machine. There is no doctor on the stage in the original Ghosts. But there is a physician in the Doll's House, a scientific, quietly moving oracle, crisp, Spartan, sophisticated. Is this photoplay physician such a one? The boy and his half-sister are in their wedding-clothes in the big church. Pastor Manders is saying the ceremony. The audience and building are indeed showy. The doctor charges up the aisle at the moment people are told to speak or forever hold their peace. He has tact. He simply breaks up the marriage right there. He does not tell the guests why. But he takes the wedding party into the pastor's study and there blazes at the bride and groom the long-suppressed truth that they are brother and sister. Always an orotund man, he has the Chautauqua manner indeed in this exigency. He brings to one's mind the tearful book, much loved in childhood, Parted at the Altar, or Why Was it Thus? And four able actors have the task of telling the audience by facial expression only, that they have been struck by moral lightning. They stand in a row, facing the people, endeavoring to make the crisis of an alleged Ibsen play out of a crashing melodrama. The final death of young Alving is depicted with an approximation of Ibsen's mood. But the only ways to suggest such feelings in silence, do not convey them in full to the audience, but merely narrate them. Wherever in Ghosts we have quiet voices that are like the slow drip of hydrochloric acid, in the photoplay we have no quiet gestures that will do trenchant work. Instead there are endless writhings and rushings about, done with a deal of skill, but destructive of the last remnants of Ibsen. Up past the point of the clutching hand this film is the prime example for study for the person who would know once for all the differences between the photoplays and the stage dramas. Along with it might be classed Mrs. Fiske's decorative moving picture Tess, in which there is every determination to convey the original Mrs. Fiske illusion without her voice and breathing presence. To people who know her well it is a surprisingly good tintype of our beloved friend, for the family album. The relentless Thomas Hardy is nowhere to be found. There are two moments of dramatic life set among many of delicious pictorial quality: when Tess baptizes her child, and when she smooths its little grave with a wavering hand. But in the stage-version the dramatic poignancy begins with the going up of the curtain, and lasts till it descends. The prime example of complete failure is Sarah Bernhardt's Camille. It is indeed a tintype of the consumptive heroine, with every group entire, and taken at full length. Much space is occupied by the floor and the overhead portions of the stage setting. It lasts as long as would the spoken performance, and wherever there is a dialogue we must imagine said conversation if we can. It might be compared to watching Camille from the top gallery through smoked glass, with one's ears stopped with cotton. It would be well for the beginning student to find some way to see the first two of these three, or some other attempts to revamp the classic, for instance Mrs. Fiske's painstaking reproduction of Vanity Fair, bearing in mind the list of differences which this chapter now furnishes. There is no denying that many stage managers who have taken up photoplays are struggling with the Shakespearian French and Norwegian traditions in the new medium. Many of the moving pictures discussed in this book are rewritten stage dramas, and one, Judith of Bethulia, is a pronounced success. But in order to be real photoplays the stage dramas must be overhauled indeed, turned inside out and upside down. The successful motion picture expresses itself through mechanical devices that are being evolved every hour. Upon those many new bits of machinery are founded novel methods of combination in another field of logic, not dramatic logic, but tableau logic. But the old-line managers, taking up photoplays, begin by making curious miniatures of stage presentations. They try to have most things as before. Later they take on the moving picture technique in a superficial way, but they, and the host of talented actors in the prime of life and Broadway success, retain the dramatic state of mind. It is a principle of criticism, the world over, that the distinctions between the arts must be clearly marked, even by those who afterwards mix those arts. Take, for instance, the perpetual quarrel between the artists and the half-educated about literary painting. Whistler fought that battle in England. He tried to beat it into the head of John Bull that a painting is one thing, a mere illustration for a story another thing. But the novice is always stubborn. To him Hindu and Arabic are both foreign languages, therefore just alike. The book illustration may be said to come in through the ear, by reading the title aloud in imagination. And the other is effective with no title at all. The scenario writer who will study to the bottom of the matter in Whistler's Gentle Art of Making Enemies will be equipped to welcome the distinction between the old-fashioned stage, where the word rules, and the photoplay, where splendor and ritual are all. It is not the same distinction, but a kindred one. * * * * * But let us consider the details of the matter. The stage has its exits and entrances at the side and back. The standard photoplays have their exits and entrances across the imaginary footlight line, even in the most stirring mob and battle scenes. In Judith of Bethulia, though the people seem to be coming from everywhere and going everywhere, when we watch close, we see that the individuals enter at the near right-hand corner and exit at the near left-hand corner, or enter at the near left-hand corner and exit at the near right-hand corner. Consider the devices whereby the stage actor holds the audience as he goes out at the side and back. He sighs, gestures, howls, and strides. With what studious preparation he ripens his quietness, if he goes out that way. In the new contraption, the moving picture, the hero or villain in exit strides past the nose of the camera, growing much bigger than a human being, marching toward us as though he would step on our heads, disappearing when largest. There is an explosive power about the mildest motion picture exit, be the actor skilful or the reverse. The people left in the scene are pygmies compared with each disappearing cyclops. Likewise, when the actor enters again, his mechanical importance is overwhelming. Therefore, for his first entrance the motion picture star does not require the preparations that are made on the stage. The support does not need to warm the spectators to the problem, then talk them into surrender. When the veteran stage-producer as a beginning photoplay producer tries to give us a dialogue in the motion pictures, he makes it so dull no one follows. He does not realize that his camera-born opportunity to magnify persons and things instantly, to interweave them as actors on one level, to alternate scenes at the slightest whim, are the big substitutes for dialogue. By alternating scenes rapidly, flash after flash: cottage, field, mountain-top, field, mountain-top, cottage, we have a conversation between three places rather than three persons. By alternating the picture of a man and the check he is forging, we have his soliloquy. When two people talk to each other, it is by lifting and lowering objects rather than their voices. The collector presents a bill: the adventurer shows him the door. The boy plucks a rose: the girl accepts it. Moving objects, not moving lips, make the words of the photoplay. The old-fashioned stage producer, feeling he is getting nowhere, but still helpless, puts the climax of some puzzling lip-debate, often the climax of the whole film, as a sentence on the screen. Sentences should be used to show changes of time and place and a few such elementary matters before the episode is fully started. The climax of a motion picture scene cannot be one word or fifty words. As has been discussed in connection with Cabiria, the crisis must be an action sharper than any that has gone before in organic union with a tableau more beautiful than any that has preceded: the breaking of the tenth wave upon the sand. Such remnants of pantomimic dialogue as remain in the main chase of the photoplay film are but guide-posts in the race toward the goal. They should not be elaborate toll-gates of plot, to be laboriously lifted and lowered while the horses stop, mid-career. The Venus of Milo, that comes directly to the soul through the silence, requires no quotation from Keats to explain her, though Keats is the equivalent in verse. Her setting in the great French Museum is enough. We do not know that her name is Venus. She is thought by many to be another statue of Victory. We may some day evolve scenarios that will require nothing more than a title thrown upon the screen at the beginning, they come to the eye so perfectly. This is not the only possible sort, but the self-imposed limitation in certain films might give them a charm akin to that of the Songs without Words. The stage audience is a unit of three hundred or a thousand. In the beginning of the first act there is much moving about and extra talk on the part of the actors, to hold the crowd while it is settling down, and enable the late-comer to be in his seat before the vital part of the story starts. If he appears later, he is glared at. In the motion picture art gallery, on the other hand, the audience is around two hundred, and these are not a unit, and the only crime is to obstruct the line of vision. The high-school girls can do a moderate amount of giggling without breaking the spell. There is no spell, in the stage sense, to break. People can climb over each other's knees to get in or out. If the picture is political, they murmur war-cries to one another. If the film suggests what some of the neighbors have been doing, they can regale each other with the richest sewing society report. The people in the motion picture audience total about two hundred, any time, but they come in groups of two or three at no specified hour. The newcomers do not, as in Vaudeville, make themselves part of a jocular army. Strictly as individuals they judge the panorama. If they disapprove, there is grumbling under their breath, but no hissing. I have never heard an audience in a photoplay theatre clap its hands even when the house was bursting with people. Yet they often see the film through twice. When they have had enough, they stroll home. They manifest their favorable verdict by sending some other member of the family to "see the picture." If the people so delegated are likewise satisfied, they may ask the man at the door if he is going to bring it back. That is the moving picture kind of cheering. It was a theatrical sin when the old-fashioned stage actor was rendered unimportant by his scenery. But the motion picture actor is but the mood of the mob or the landscape or the department store behind him, reduced to a single hieroglyphic. The stage-interior is large. The motion-picture interior is small. The stage out-of-door scene is at best artificial and little and is generally at rest, or its movement is tainted with artificiality. The waves dash, but not dashingly, the water flows, but not flowingly. The motion picture out-of-door scene is as big as the universe. And only pictures of the Sahara are without magnificent motion. The photoplay is as far from the stage on the one hand as it is from the novel on the other. Its nearest analogy in literature is, perhaps, the short story, or the lyric poem. The key-words of the stage are _passion_ and _character_; of the photoplay, _splendor_ and _speed_. The stage in its greatest power deals with pity for some one especially unfortunate, with whom we grow well acquainted; with some private revenge against some particular despoiler; traces the beginning and culmination of joy based on the gratification of some preference, or love for some person, whose charm is all his own. The drama is concerned with the slow, inevitable approaches to these intensities. On the other hand, the motion picture, though often appearing to deal with these things, as a matter of fact uses substitutes, many of which have been listed. But to review: its first substitute is the excitement of speed-mania stretched on the framework of an obvious plot. Or it deals with delicate informal anecdote as the short story does, or fairy legerdemain, or patriotic banners, or great surging mobs of the proletariat, or big scenic outlooks, or miraculous beings made visible. And the further it gets from Euripides, Ibsen, Shakespeare, or Molière the more it becomes like a mural painting from which flashes of lightning come the more it realizes its genius. Men like Gordon Craig and Granville Barker are almost wasting their genius on the theatre. The Splendor Photoplays are the great outlet for their type of imagination. The typical stage performance is from two hours and a half upward. The movie show generally lasts five reels, that is, an hour and forty minutes. And it should last but three reels, that is, an hour. Edgar Poe said there was no such thing as a long poem. There is certainly no such thing as a long moving picture masterpiece. The stage-production depends most largely upon the power of the actors, the movie show upon the genius of the producer. The performers and the dumb objects are on equal terms in his paint-buckets. The star-system is bad for the stage because the minor parts are smothered and the situations distorted to give the favorite an orbit. It is bad for the motion pictures because it obscures the producer. While the leading actor is entitled to his glory, as are all the actors, their mannerisms should not overshadow the latest inspirations of the creator of the films. The display of the name of the corporation is no substitute for giving the glory to the producer. An artistic photoplay is not the result of a military efficiency system. It is not a factory-made staple article, but the product of the creative force of one soul, the flowering of a spirit that has the habit of perpetually renewing itself. Once I saw Mary Fuller in a classic. It was the life and death of Mary Queen of Scots. Not only was the tense, fidgety, over-American Mary Fuller transformed into a being who was a poppy and a tiger-lily and a snow-queen and a rose, but she and her company, including Marc Macdermott, radiated the old Scotch patriotism. They made the picture a memorial. It reminded one of Maurice Hewlett's novel The Queen's Quair. Evidently all the actors were fused by some noble managerial mood. There can be no doubt that so able a group have evolved many good films that have escaped me. But though I did go again and again, never did I see them act with the same deliberation and distinction, and I laid the difference to a change in the state of mind of the producer. Even baseball players must have managers. A team cannot pick itself, or it surely would. And this rule may apply to the stage. But by comparison to motion picture performers, stage-actors are their own managers, for they have an approximate notion of how they look in the eye of the audience, which is but the human eye. They can hear and gauge their own voices. They have the same ears as their listeners. But the picture producer holds to his eyes the seven-leagued demon spy-glass called the kinetoscope, as the audience will do later. The actors have not the least notion of their appearance. Also the words in the motion picture are not things whose force the actor can gauge. The book under the table is one word, the dog behind the chair is another, the window curtain flying in the breeze is another. This chapter has implied that the performers were but paint on the canvas. They are both paint and models. They are models in the sense that the young Ellen Terry was the inspiration for Watts' Sir Galahad. They resemble the persons in private life who furnish the basis for novels. Dickens' mother was the original of Mrs. Nickleby. His father entered into Wilkins Micawber. But these people are not perpetually thrust upon us as Mr. and Mrs. Dickens. We are glad to find them in the Dickens biographies. When the stories begin, it is Micawber and Mrs. Nickleby we want, and the Charles Dickens atmosphere. The photoplays of the future will be written from the foundations for the films. The soundest actors, photographers, and producers will be those who emphasize the points wherein the photoplay is unique. What is adapted to complete expression in one art generally secures but half expression in another. The supreme photoplay will give us things that have been but half expressed in all other mediums allied to it. Once this principle is grasped there is every reason why the same people who have interested themselves in the advanced experimental drama should take hold of the super-photoplay. The good citizens who can most easily grasp the distinction should be there to perpetuate the higher welfare of these institutions side by side. This parallel development should come, if for no other reason, because the two arts are still roughly classed together by the public. The elect cannot teach the public what the drama is till they show them precisely what the photoplay is and is not. Just as the university has departments of both History and English teaching in amity, each one illuminating the work of the other, so these two forms should live in each other's sight in fine and friendly contrast. At present they are in blind and jealous warfare. I have read this chapter to a pretty neighbor who has approved of the preceding portions of the book, whose mind, therefore, I cannot but respect. My neighbor classes this discussion of hieroglyphics as a fanciful flight rather than a sober argument. I submit the verdict, then struggle against it while you read. The invention of the photoplay is as great a step as was the beginning of picture-writing in the stone age. And the cave-men and women of our slums seem to be the people most affected by this novelty, which is but an expression of the old in that spiral of life which is going higher while seeming to repeat the ancient phase. There happens to be here on the table a book on Egypt by Rawlinson that I used to thumb long ago. A footnote says: "The font of hieroglyphic type used in this work contains eight hundred forms. But there are many other forms beside." There is more light on Egypt in later works than in Rawlinson, but the statement quoted will serve for our text. Several complex methods of making visible scenarios are listed in this work. Here is one that is mechanically simple. Let the man searching for tableau combinations, even if he is of the practical commercial type, prepare himself with eight hundred signs from Egypt. He can construct the outlines of his scenarios by placing these little pictures in rows. It may not be impractical to cut his hundreds of them from black cardboard and shuffle them on his table every morning. The list will contain all elementary and familiar things. Let him first give the most literal meaning to the patterns. Then if he desires to rise above the commercial field, let him turn over each cardboard, making the white undersurface uppermost, and there write a more abstract meaning of the hieroglyphic, one that has a fairly close relation to his way of thinking about the primary form. From a proper balance of primary and secondary meanings photoplays with souls could come. Not that he must needs become an expert Egyptologist. Yet it would profit any photoplay man to study to think like the Egyptians, the great picture-writing people. There is as much reason for this course as for the Bible student's apprenticeship in Hebrew. Hieroglyphics can prove their worth, even without the help of an Egyptian history. Humorous and startling analogies can be pointed out by opening the Standard Dictionary, page fifty-nine. Look under the word _alphabet_. There is the diagram of the evolution of inscriptions from the Egyptian and Phoenician idea of what letters should be, on through the Greek and Roman systems. In the Egyptian row is the picture of a throne, [Illustration] that has its equivalent in the Roman letter C. And a throne has as much place in what might be called the moving-picture alphabet as the letter C has in ours. There are sometimes three thrones in this small town of Springfield in an evening. When you see one flashed on the screen, you know instantly you are dealing with royalty or its implications. The last one I saw that made any particular impression was when Mary Pickford acted in Such a Little Queen. I only wished then that she had a more convincing throne. Let us cut one out of black cardboard. Turning the cardboard over to write on it the spirit-meaning, we inscribe some such phrase as The Throne of Wisdom or The Throne of Liberty. Here is the hieroglyphic of a hand: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, the letter D. The human hand, magnified till it is as big as the whole screen, is as useful in the moving picture alphabet as the letter D in the printed alphabet. This hand may open a lock. It may pour poison in a bottle. It may work a telegraph key. Then turning the white side of the cardboard uppermost we inscribe something to the effect that this hand may write on the wall, as at the feast of Belshazzar. Or it may represent some such conception as Rodin's Hand of God, discussed in the Sculpture-in-motion chapter. Here is a duck: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, the letter Z. In the motion pictures this bird, a somewhat z-shaped animal, suggests the finality of Arcadian peace. It is the last and fittest ornament of the mill-pond. Nothing very terrible can happen with a duck in the foreground. There is no use turning it over. It would take Maeterlinck or Swedenborg to find the mystic meaning of a duck. A duck looks to me like a caricature of an alderman. Here is a sieve: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, H. A sieve placed on the kitchen-table, close-up, suggests domesticity, hired girl humors, broad farce. We will expect the bride to make her first cake, or the flour to begin to fly into the face of the intrusive ice-man. But, as to the other side of the cardboard, the sieve has its place in higher symbolism. It has been recorded by many a sage and singer that the Almighty Powers sift men like wheat. Here is the picture of a bowl: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, the letter K. A bowl seen through the photoplay window on the cottage table suggests Johnny's early supper of bread and milk. But as to the white side of the cardboard, out of a bowl of kindred form Omar may take his moonlit wine, or the higher gods may lift up the very wine of time to the lips of men, as Swinburne sings in Atalanta in Calydon. Here is a lioness: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, the letter L. The lion or lioness creeps through the photoplay jungle to give the primary picture-word of terror in this new universal alphabet. The present writer has seen several valuable lions unmistakably shot and killed in the motion pictures, and charged up to profit and loss, just as steam-engines or houses are sometimes blown up or burned down. But of late there is a disposition to use the trained lion or lioness for all sorts of effects. No doubt the king and queen of beasts will become as versatile and humbly useful as the letter L itself: that is, in the commonplace routine photoplay. We turn the cardboard over and the lion becomes a resource of glory and terror, a symbol of cruel persecutions or deathless courage, sign of the zodiac that Poe in Ulalume calls the Lair of the Lion. Here is an owl: [Illustration] Roman equivalent, the letter M. The only use of the owl I can record is to be inscribed on the white surface. In The Avenging Conscience, as described in chapter ten, the murderer marks the ticking of the heart of his victim while watching the swinging of the pendulum of the old clock, then in watching the tapping of the detective's pencil on the table, then in the tapping of his foot on the floor. Finally a handsome owl is shown in the branches outside hoot-hooting in time with the action of the pencil, and the pendulum, and the dead man's heart. But here is a wonderful thing, an actual picture that has lived on, retaining its ancient imitative sound and form: [Illustration] the letter N, the drawing of a wave, with the sound of a wave still within it. One could well imagine the Nile in the winds of the dawn making such a sound: "NN, N, N," lapping at the reeds upon its banks. Certainly the glittering water scenes are a dominant part of moving picture Esperanto. On the white reverse of the symbol, the spiritual meaning of water will range from the metaphor of the purity of the dew to the sea as a sign of infinity. Here is a window with closed shutters: [Illustration] Latin equivalent, the letter P. It is a reminder of the technical outline of this book. The Intimate Photoplay, as I have said, is but a window where we open the shutters and peep into some one's cottage. As to the soul meaning in the opening or closing of the shutters, it ranges from Noah's opening the hatches to send forth the dove, to the promises of blessing when the Windows of Heaven should be opened. Here is the picture of an angle: [Illustration] Latin equivalent, Q. This is another reminder of the technical outline. The photoplay interior, as has been reiterated, is small and three-cornered. Here the heroine does her plotting, flirting, and primping, etc. I will leave the spiritual interpretation of the angle to Emerson, Swedenborg, or Maeterlinck. Here is the picture of a mouth: [Illustration] Latin equivalent, the letter R. If we turn from the dictionary to the monuments, we will see that the Egyptians used all the human features in their pictures. We do not separate the features as frequently as did that ancient people, but we conventionalize them as often. Nine-tenths of the actors have faces as fixed as the masks of the Greek chorus: they have the hero-mask with the protruding chin, the villain-frown, the comedian-grin, the fixed innocent-girl simper. These formulas have their place in the broad effects of Crowd Pictures and in comedies. Then there are sudden abandonments of the mask. Griffith's pupils, Henry Walthall and Blanche Sweet, seem to me to be the greatest people in the photoplays: for one reason their faces are as sensitive to changing emotion as the surfaces of fair lakes in the wind. There is a passage in Enoch Arden where Annie, impersonated by Lillian Gish, another pupil of Griffith, is waiting in suspense for the return of her husband. She changes from lips of waiting, with a touch of apprehension, to a delighted laugh of welcome, her head making a half-turn toward the door. The audience is so moved by the beauty of the slow change they do not know whether her face is the size of the screen or the size of a postage-stamp. As a matter of fact it fills the whole end of the theatre. Thus much as to faces that are not hieroglyphics. Yet fixed facial hieroglyphics have many legitimate uses. For instance in The Avenging Conscience, as the play works toward the climax and the guilty man is breaking down, the eye of the detective is thrown on the screen with all else hid in shadow, a watching, relentless eye. And this suggests a special talisman of the old Egyptians, a sign called the Eyes of Horus, meaning the all-beholding sun. Here is the picture of an inundated garden: [Illustration] Latin equivalent, the letter S. In our photoplays the garden is an ever-present resource, and at an instant's necessity suggests the glory of nature, or sweet privacy, and kindred things. The Egyptian lotus garden had to be inundated to be a success. Ours needs but the hired man with the hose, who sometimes supplies broad comedy. But we turn over the cardboard, for the deeper meaning of this hieroglyphic. Our gardens can, as of old, run the solemn range from those of Babylon to those of the Resurrection. If there is one sceptic left as to the hieroglyphic significance of the photoplay, let him now be discomfited by page fifty-nine, Standard Dictionary. The last letter in this list is a lasso: [Illustration]. The equivalent of the lasso in the Roman alphabet is the letter T. The crude and facetious would be apt to suggest that the equivalent of the lasso in the photoplay is the word trouble, possibly for the hero, but probably for the villain. We turn to the other side of the symbol. The noose may stand for solemn judgment and the hangman, it may also symbolize the snare of the fowler, temptation. Then there is the spider web, close kin, representing the cruelty of evolution, in The Avenging Conscience. This list is based on the rows of hieroglyphics most readily at hand. Any volume on Egypt, such as one of those by Maspero, has a multitude of suggestions for the man inclined to the idea. If this system of pasteboard scenarios is taken literally, I would like to suggest as a beginning rule that in a play based on twenty hieroglyphics, nineteen should be the black realistic signs with obvious meanings, and only one of them white and inexplicably strange. It has been proclaimed further back in this treatise that there is only one witch in every wood. And to illustrate further, there is but one scarlet letter in Hawthorne's story of that name, but one wine-cup in all of Omar, one Bluebird in Maeterlinck's play. I do not insist that the prospective author-producer adopt the hieroglyphic method as a routine, if he but consents in his meditative hours to the point of view that it implies. The more fastidious photoplay audience that uses the hieroglyphic hypothesis in analyzing the film before it, will acquire a new tolerance and understanding of the avalanche of photoplay conceptions, and find a promise of beauty in what have been properly classed as mediocre and stereotyped productions. The nineteenth chapter has a discourse on the Book of the Dead. As a connecting link with that chapter the reader will note that one of the marked things about the Egyptian wall-paintings, pictures on the mummy-case wrappings, papyrus inscriptions, and architectural conceptions, is that they are but enlarged hieroglyphics, while the hieroglyphics are but reduced fac-similes of these. So when a few characters are once understood, the highly colored Egyptian wall-paintings of the same things are understood. The hieroglyphic of Osiris is enlarged when they desire to represent him in state. The hieroglyphic of the soul as a human-headed hawk may be in a line of writing no taller than the capitals of this book. Immediately above may be a big painting of the soul, the same hawk placed with the proper care with reference to its composition on the wall, a pure decoration. The transition from reduction to enlargement and back again is as rapid in Egypt as in the photoplay. It follows, among other things, that in Egypt, as in China and Japan, literary style and mere penmanship and brushwork are to be conceived as inseparable. No doubt the Egyptian scholar was the man who could not only compose a poem, but write it down with a brush. Talent for poetry, deftness in inscribing, and skill in mural painting were probably gifts of the same person. The photoplay goes back to this primitive union in styles. The stages from hieroglyphics through Phoenician and Greek letters to ours, are of no particular interest here. But the fact that hieroglyphics can evolve is important. Let us hope that our new picture-alphabets can take on richness and significance, as time goes on, without losing their literal values. They may develop into something more all-pervading, yet more highly wrought, than any written speech. Languages when they evolve produce stylists, and we will some day distinguish the different photoplay masters as we now delight in the separate tang of O. Henry and Mark Twain and Howells. When these are ancient times, we will have scholars and critics learned in the flavors of early moving picture traditions with their histories of movements and schools, their grammars, and anthologies. Now some words as to the Anglo-Saxon language and its relation to pictures. In England and America our plastic arts are but beginning. Yesterday we were preeminently a word-civilization. England built her mediæval cathedrals, but they left no legacy among craftsmen. Art had to lean on imported favorites like Van Dyck till the days of Sir Joshua Reynolds and the founding of the Royal Society. Consider that the friends of Reynolds were of the circle of Doctor Johnson. Literary tradition had grown old. Then England had her beginning of landscape gardening. Later she saw the rise of Constable, Ruskin, and Turner, and their iridescent successors. Still to-day in England the average leading citizen matches word against word, using them as algebraic formulas, rather than picture against picture, when he arranges his thoughts under the eaves of his mind. To step into the Art world is to step out of the beaten path of British dreams. Shakespeare is still king, not Rossetti, nor yet Christopher Wren. Moreover, it was the book-reading colonial who led our rebellion against the very royalty that founded the Academy. The public-speaking American wrote the Declaration of Independence. It was not the work of the painting or cathedral-building Englishman. We were led by Patrick Henry, the orator, Benjamin Franklin, the printer. The more characteristic America became, the less she had to do with the plastic arts. The emigrant-train carried many a Bible and Dictionary packed in beside the guns and axes. It carried the Elizabethan writers, Æsop's Fables, Blackstone's Commentaries, the revised statutes of Indiana, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, Parson Weems' Life of Washington. But, obviously, there was no place for the Elgin marbles. Giotto's tower could not be loaded in with the dried apples and the seedcorn. Yesterday morning, though our arts were growing every day, we were still more of a word-civilization than the English. Our architectural, painting, and sculptural history is concerned with men now living, or their immediate predecessors. And even such work as we have is pretty largely a cult by the wealthy. This is the more a cause for misgiving because, in a democracy, the arts, like the political parties, are not founded till they have touched the county chairman, the ward leader, the individual voter. The museums in a democracy should go as far as the public libraries. Every town has its library. There are not twenty Art museums in the land. Here then comes the romance of the photoplay. A tribe that has thought in words since the days that it worshipped Thor and told legends of the cunning of the tongue of Loki, suddenly begins to think in pictures. The leaders of the people, and of culture, scarcely know the photoplay exists. But in the remote villages the players mentioned in this work are as well known and as fairly understood in their general psychology as any candidates for president bearing political messages. There is many a babe in the proletariat not over four years old who has received more pictures into its eye than it has had words enter its ear. The young couple go with their first-born and it sits gaping on its mother's knee. Often the images are violent and unseemly, a chaos of rawness and squirm, but scattered through the experience is a delineation of the world. Pekin and China, Harvard and Massachusetts, Portland and Oregon, Benares and India, become imaginary playgrounds. By the time the hopeful has reached its geography lesson in the public school it has travelled indeed. Almost any word that means a picture in the text of the geography or history or third reader is apt to be translated unconsciously into moving picture terms. In the next decade, simply from the development of the average eye, cities akin to the beginnings of Florence will be born among us as surely as Chaucer came, upon the first ripening of the English tongue, after Cædmon and Beowulf. Sculptors, painters, architects, and park gardeners who now have their followers by the hundreds will have admirers by the hundred thousand. The voters will respond to the aspirations of these artists as the back-woodsmen followed Poor Richard's Almanac, or the trappers in their coon-skin caps were fired to patriotism by Patrick Henry. * * * * * This ends the second section of the book. Were it not for the passage on The Battle Hymn of the Republic, the chapters thus far might be entitled: "an open letter to Griffith and the producers and actors he has trained." Contrary to my prudent inclinations, he is the star of the piece, except on one page where he is the villain. This stardom came about slowly. In making the final revision, looking up the producers of the important reels, especially those from the beginning of the photoplay business, numbers of times the photoplays have turned out to be the work of this former leading man of Nance O'Neil. No one can pretend to a full knowledge of the films. They come faster than rain in April. It would take a man every day of the year, working day and night, to see all that come to Springfield. But in the photoplay world, as I understand it, D.W. Griffith is the king-figure. So far, in this work I have endeavored to keep to the established dogmas of Art. I hope that the main lines of the argument will appeal to the people who have classified and related the beautiful works of man that have preceded the moving pictures. Let the reader make his own essay on the subject for the local papers and send the clipping to me. The next photoplay book that may appear from this hand may be construed to meet his point of view. It will try to agree or disagree in clear language. Many a controversy must come before a method of criticism is fully established. * * * * * BOOK III MORE PERSONAL SPECULATIONS AND AFTERTHOUGHTS NOT BROUGHT FORWARD SO DOGMATICALLY At this point I climb from the oracular platform and go down through my own chosen underbrush for haphazard adventure. I renounce the platform. Whatever it may be that I find, pawpaw or may-apple or spray of willow, if you do not want it, throw it over the edge of the hill, without ado, to the birds or squirrels or kine, and do not include it in your controversial discourse. It is not a part of the dogmatic system of photoplay criticism. Whenever the photoplay is mixed in the same programme with vaudeville, the moving picture part of the show suffers. The film is rushed through, it is battered, it flickers more than commonly, it is a little out of focus. The house is not built for it. The owner of the place cannot manage an art gallery with a circus on his hands. It takes more brains than one man possesses to pick good vaudeville talent and bring good films to the town at the same time. The best motion picture theatres are built for photoplays alone. But they make one mistake. Almost every motion picture theatre has its orchestra, pianist, or mechanical piano. The perfect photoplay gathering-place would have no sound but the hum of the conversing audience. If this is too ruthless a theory, let the music be played at the intervals between programmes, while the advertisements are being flung upon the screen, the lights are on, and the people coming in. If there is something more to be done on the part of the producer to make the film a telling one, let it be a deeper study of the pictorial arrangement, with the tones more carefully balanced, the sculpture vitalized. This is certainly better than to have a raw thing bullied through with a music-programme, furnished to bridge the weak places in the construction. A picture should not be released till it is completely thought out. A producer with this goal before him will not have the time or brains to spare to write music that is as closely and delicately related to the action as the action is to the background. And unless the tunes are at one with the scheme they are an intrusion. Perhaps the moving picture maker has a twin brother almost as able in music, who possesses the faculty of subordinating his creations to the work of his more brilliant coadjutor. How are they going to make a practical national distribution of the accompaniment? In the metropolitan theatres Cabiria carried its own musicians and programme with a rich if feverish result. In The Birth of a Nation, music was used that approached imitative sound devices. Also the orchestra produced a substitute for old-fashioned stage suspense by long drawn-out syncopations. The finer photoplay values were thrown askew. Perhaps these two performances could be successfully vindicated in musical policy. But such a defence proves nothing in regard to the typical film. Imagine either of these put on in Rochester, Illinois, population one hundred souls. The reels run through as well as on Broadway or Michigan Avenue, but the local orchestra cannot play the music furnished in annotated sheets as skilfully as the local operator can turn the reel or watch the motor turn it!. The big social fact about the moving picture is that it is scattered like the newspaper. Any normal accompaniment thereof must likewise be adapted to being distributed everywhere. The present writer has seen, here in his home place, population sixty thousand, all the films discussed in this book but Cabiria and The Birth of a Nation. It is a photoplay paradise, the spoken theatre is practically banished. Unfortunately the local moving picture managers think it necessary to have orchestras. The musicians they can secure make tunes that are most squalid and horrible. With fathomless imbecility, hoochey koochey strains are on the air while heroes are dying. The Miserere is in our ears when the lovers are reconciled. Ragtime is imposed upon us while the old mother prays for her lost boy. Sometimes the musician with this variety of sympathy abandons himself to thrilling improvisation. My thoughts on this subject began to take form several years ago, when the film this book has much praised, The Battle Hymn of the Republic, came to town. The proprietor of one theatre put in front of his shop a twenty-foot sign "The Battle Hymn of the Republic, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, brought back by special request." He had probably read Julia Ward Howe's name on the film forty times before the sign went up. His assistant, I presume his daughter, played "In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree" hour after hour, while the great film was rolling by. Many old soldiers were coming to see it. I asked the assistant why she did not play and sing the Battle Hymn. She said they "just couldn't find it." Are the distributors willing to send out a musician with each film? Many of the Springfield producers are quite able and enterprising, but to ask for music with photoplays is like asking the man at the news stand to write an editorial while he sells you the paper. The picture with a great orchestra in a far-off metropolitan Opera House, may be classed by fanatic partisanship with Grand Opera. But few can get at it. It has nothing to do with Democracy. Of course people with a mechanical imagination, and no other kind, begin to suggest the talking moving picture at this point, or the phonograph or the mechanical piano. Let us discuss the talking moving picture only. That disposes of the others. If the talking moving picture becomes a reliable mirror of the human voice and frame, it will be the basis of such a separate art that none of the photoplay precedents will apply. It will be the _phonoplay_, not the photoplay. It will be unpleasant for a long time. This book is a struggle against the non-humanness of the undisciplined photograph. Any film is correct, realistic, forceful, many times before it is charming. The actual physical storage-battery of the actor is many hundred miles away. As a substitute, the human quality must come in the marks of the presence of the producer. The entire painting must have his brushwork. If we compare it to a love-letter it must be in his handwriting rather than worked on a typewriter. If he puts his autograph into the film, it is after a fierce struggle with the uncanny scientific quality of the camera's work. His genius and that of the whole company of actors is exhausted in the task. The raw phonograph is likewise unmagnetic. Would you set upon the shoulders of the troupe of actors the additional responsibility of putting an adequate substitute for human magnetism in the phonographic disk? The voice that does not actually bleed, that contains no heart-beats, fails to meet the emergency. Few people have wept over a phonographic selection from Tristan and Isolde. They are moved at the actual performance. Why? Look at the opera singer after the last act. His eyes are burning. His face is flushed. His pulse is high. Reaching his hotel room, he is far more weary than if he had sung the opera alone there. He has given out of his brain-fire and blood-beat the same magnetism that leads men in battle. To speak of it in the crassest terms, this resource brings him a hundred times more salary than another man with just as good a voice can command. The output that leaves him drained at the end of the show cannot be stored in the phonograph machine. That device is as good in the morning as at noon. It ticks like a clock. To perfect the talking moving picture, human magnetism must be put into the mirror-screen and into the clock. Not only is this imperative, but clock and mirror must be harmonized, one gently subordinated to the other. Both cannot rule. In the present talking moving picture the more highly developed photoplay is dragged by the hair in a dead faint, in the wake of the screaming savage phonograph. No talking machine on the market reproduces conversation clearly unless it be elaborately articulated in unnatural tones with a stiff interval between each question and answer. Real dialogue goes to ruin. The talking moving picture came to our town. We were given for one show a line of minstrels facing the audience, with the interlocutor repeating his immemorial question, and the end-man giving the immemorial answer. Then came a scene in a blacksmith shop where certain well-differentiated rackets were carried over the footlights. No one heard the blacksmith, unless he stopped to shout straight at us. The _phonoplay_ can quite possibly reach some divine goal, but it will be after the speaking powers of the phonograph excel the photographing powers of the reel, and then the pictures will be brought in as comment and ornament to the speech. The pictures will be held back by the phonograph as long as it is more limited in its range. The pictures are at present freer and more versatile without it. If the _phonoplay_ is ever established, since it will double the machinery, it must needs double its prices. It will be the illustrated phonograph, in a more expensive theatre. The orchestra is in part a blundering effort by the local manager to supply the human-magnetic element which he feels lacking in the pictures on which the producer has not left his autograph. But there is a much more economic and magnetic accompaniment, the before-mentioned buzzing commentary of the audience. There will be some people who disturb the neighbors in front, but the average crowd has developed its manners in this particular, and when the orchestra is silent, murmurs like a pleasant brook. Local manager, why not an advertising campaign in your town that says: "Beginning Monday and henceforth, ours shall be known as the Conversational Theatre"? At the door let each person be handed the following card: "You are encouraged to discuss the picture with the friend who accompanies you to this place. Conversation, of course, must be sufficiently subdued not to disturb the stranger who did not come with you to the theatre. If you are so disposed, consider your answers to these questions: What play or part of a play given in this theatre did you like most to-day? What the least? What is the best picture you have ever seen anywhere? What pictures, seen here this month, shall we bring back?" Here give a list of the recent productions, with squares to mark by the Australian ballot system: approved or disapproved. The cards with their answers could be slipped into the ballot-box at the door as the crowd goes out. It may be these questions are for the exceptional audiences in residence districts. Perhaps with most crowds the last interrogation is the only one worth while. But by gathering habitually the answers to that alone the place would get the drift of its public, realize its genius, and become an art-gallery, the people bestowing the blue ribbons. The photoplay theatres have coupon contests and balloting already: the most popular young lady, money prizes to the best vote-getter in the audience, etc. Why not ballot on the matter in hand? If the cards are sent out by the big producers, a referendum could be secured that would be invaluable in arguing down to rigid censorship, and enable them to make their own private censorship more intelligent. Various styles of experimental cards could be tried till the vital one is found. There is growing up in this country a clan of half-formed moving picture critics. The present stage of their work is indicated by the eloquent notice describing Your Girl and Mine, in the chapter on "Progress and Endowment." The metropolitan papers give their photoplay reporters as much space as the theatrical critics. Here in my home town the twelve moving picture places take one half a page of chaotic notices daily. The country is being badly led by professional photoplay news-writers who do not know where they are going, but are on the way. But they aptly describe the habitual attendants as moving picture fans. The fan at the photoplay, as at the baseball grounds, is neither a low-brow nor a high-brow. He is an enthusiast who is as stirred by the charge of the photographic cavalry as by the home runs that he watches from the bleachers. In both places he has the privilege of comment while the game goes on. In the photoplay theatre it is not so vociferous, but as keenly felt. Each person roots by himself. He has his own judgment, and roasts the umpire: who is the keeper of the local theatre: or the producer, as the case may be. If these opinions of the fan can be collected and classified, an informal censorship is at once established. The photoplay reporters can then take the enthusiasts in hand and lead them to a realization of the finer points in awarding praise and blame. Even the sporting pages have their expert opinions with due influence on the betting odds. Out of the work of the photoplay reporters let a superstructure of art criticism be reared in periodicals like The Century, Harper's, Scribner's, The Atlantic, The Craftsman, and the architectural magazines. These are our natural custodians of art. They should reproduce the most exquisite tableaus, and be as fastidious in their selection of them as they are in the current examples of the other arts. Let them spread the news when photoplays keyed to the Rembrandt mood arrive. The reporters for the newspapers should get their ideas and refreshment in such places as the Ryerson Art Library of the Chicago Art Institute. They should begin with such books as Richard Muther's History of Modern Painting, John C. Van Dyke's Art for Art's Sake, Marquand and Frothingham's History of Sculpture, A.D.F. Hamlin's History of Architecture. They should take the business of guidance in this new world as a sacred trust, knowing they have the power to influence an enormous democracy. The moving picture journals and the literati are in straits over the censorship question. The literati side with the managers, on the principles of free speech and a free press. But few of the æsthetically super-wise are persistent fans. They rave for freedom, but are not, as a general thing, living back in the home town. They do not face the exigency of having their summer and winter amusement spoiled day after day. Extremists among the pious are railing against the moving pictures as once they railed against novels. They have no notion that this institution is penetrating to the last backwoods of our civilization, where its presence is as hard to prevent as the rain. But some of us are destined to a reaction, almost as strong as the obsession. The religionists will think they lead it. They will be self-deceived. Moving picture nausea is already taking hold of numberless people, even when they are in the purely pagan mood. Forced by their limited purses, their inability to buy a Ford car, and the like, they go in their loneliness to film after film till the whole world seems to turn on a reel. When they are again at home, they see in the dark an imaginary screen with tremendous pictures, whirling by at a horribly accelerated pace, a photoplay delirium tremens. Faster and faster the reel turns in the back of their heads. When the moving picture sea-sickness is upon one, nothing satisfies but the quietest out of doors, the companionship of the gentlest of real people. The non-movie-life has charms such as one never before conceived. The worn citizen feels that the cranks and legislators can do what they please to the producers. He is through with them. The moving picture business men do not realize that they have to face these nervous conditions in their erstwhile friends. They flatter themselves they are being pursued by some reincarnations of Anthony Comstock. There are several reasons why photoplay corporations are callous, along with the sufficient one that they are corporations. First, they are engaged in a financial orgy. Fortunes are being found by actors and managers faster than they were dug up in 1849 and 1850 in California. Forty-niner lawlessness of soul prevails. They talk each other into a lordly state of mind. All is dash and experiment. Look at the advertisements in the leading moving picture magazines. They are like the praise of oil stock or Peruna. They bawl about films founded upon little classics. They howl about plots that are ostensibly from the soberest of novels, whose authors they blasphemously invoke. They boo and blow about twisted, callous scenarios that are bad imitations of the world's most beloved lyrics. The producers do not realize the mass effect of the output of the business. It appears to many as a sea of unharnessed photography: sloppy conceptions set forth with sharp edges and irrelevant realism. The jumping, twitching, cold-blooded devices, day after day, create the aforesaid sea-sickness, that has nothing to do with the questionable subject. When on top of this we come to the picture that is actually insulting, we are up in arms indeed. It is supplied by a corporation magnate removed from his audience in location, fortune, interest, and mood: an absentee landlord. I was trying to convert a talented and noble friend to the films. The first time we went there was a prize-fight between a black and a white man, not advertised, used for a filler. I said it was queer, and would not happen again. The next time my noble friend was persuaded to go, there was a cock-fight, incidental to a Cuban romance. The third visit we beheld a lady who was dying for five minutes, rolling her eyes about in a way that was fearful to see. The convert was not made. It is too easy to produce an unprovoked murder, an inexplicable arson, neither led up to nor followed by the ordinary human history of such acts, and therefore as arbitrary as the deeds of idiots or the insane. A villainous hate, an alleged love, a violent death, are flashed at us, without being in any sort of tableau logic. The public is ceaselessly played upon by tactless devices. Therefore it howls, just as children in the nursery do when the awkward governess tries the very thing the diplomatic governess, in reasonable time, may bring about. The producer has the man in the audience who cares for the art peculiarly at his mercy. Compare him with the person who wants to read a magazine for an evening. He can look over all the periodicals in the local book-store in fifteen minutes. He can select the one he wants, take this bit of printed matter home, go through the contents, find the three articles he prefers, get an evening of reading out of them, and be happy. Every day as many photoplays come to our town as magazines come to the book-store in a week or a month. There are good ones and bad ones buried in the list. There is no way to sample the films. One has to wait through the first third of a reel before he has an idea of the merits of a production, his ten cents is spent, and much of his time is gone. It would take five hours at least to find the best film in our town for one day. Meanwhile, nibbling and sampling, the seeker would run such a gantlet of plot and dash and chase that his eyes and patience would be exhausted. Recently there returned to the city for a day one of Griffith's best Biographs, The Last Drop of Water. It was good to see again. In order to watch this one reel twice I had to wait through five others of unutterable miscellany. Since the producers and theatre-managers have us at their mercy, they are under every obligation to consider our delicate susceptibilities granting the proposition that in an ideal world we will have no legal censorship. As to what to do in this actual nation, let the reader follow what John Collier has recently written in The Survey. Collier was the leading force in founding the National Board of Censorship. As a member of that volunteer extra-legal board which is independent and high minded, yet accepted by the leading picture companies, he is able to discuss legislation in a manner which the present writer cannot hope to match. Read John Collier. But I wish to suggest that the ideal censorship is that to which the daily press is subject, the elastic hand of public opinion, if the photoplay can be brought as near to newspaper conditions in this matter as it is in some others. How does public opinion grip the journalist? The editor has a constant report from his constituency. A popular scoop sells an extra at once. An attack on the wrong idol cancels fifty subscriptions. People come to the office to do it, and say why. If there is a piece of real news on the second page, and fifty letters come in about it that night, next month when that character of news reappears it gets the front page. Some human peculiarities are not mentioned, some phrases not used. The total attribute of the blue-pencil man is diplomacy. But while the motion pictures come out every day, they get their discipline months afterwards in the legislation that insists on everything but tact. A tentative substitute for the letters that come to the editor, the personal call and cancelled subscription, and the rest, is the system of balloting on the picture, especially the answer to the question, "What picture seen here this month, or this week, shall we bring back?" Experience will teach how to put the queries. By the same system the public might dictate its own cut-outs. Let us have a democracy and a photoplay business working in daily rhythm. This is a special commentary on chapter five, The Picture of Crowd Splendor. It refers as well to every other type of moving picture that gets into the slum. But the masses have an extraordinary affinity for the Crowd Photoplay. As has been said before, the mob comes nightly to behold its natural face in the glass. Politicians on the platform have swayed the mass below them. But now, to speak in an Irish way, the crowd takes the platform, and looking down, sees itself swaying. The slums are an astonishing assembly of cave-men crawling out of their shelters to exhibit for the first time in history a common interest on a tremendous scale in an art form. Below the cliff caves were bar rooms in endless lines. There are almost as many bar rooms to-day, yet this new thing breaks the lines as nothing else ever did. Often when a moving picture house is set up, the saloon on the right hand or the left declares bankruptcy. Why do men prefer the photoplay to the drinking place? For no pious reason, surely. Now they have fire pouring into their eyes instead of into their bellies. Blood is drawn from the guts to the brain. Though the picture be the veriest mess, the light and movement cause the beholder to do a little reptilian thinking. After a day's work a street-sweeper enters the place, heavy as King Log. A ditch-digger goes in, sick and surly. It is the state of the body when many men drink themselves into insensibility. But here the light is as strong in the eye as whiskey in the throat. Along with the flare, shadow, and mystery, they face the existence of people, places, costumes, utterly novel. Immigrants are prodded by these swords of darkness and light to guess at the meaning of the catch-phrases and headlines that punctuate the play. They strain to hear their neighbors whisper or spell them out. The photoplays have done something to reunite the lower-class families. No longer is the fire-escape the only summer resort for big and little folks. Here is more fancy and whim than ever before blessed a hot night. Here, under the wind of an electric fan, they witness everything, from a burial in Westminster to the birthday parade of the ruler of the land of Swat. The usual saloon equipment to delight the eye is one so-called "leg" picture of a woman, a photograph of a prize-fighter, and some colored portraits of goats to advertise various brands of beer. Many times, no doubt, these boys and young men have found visions of a sordid kind while gazing on the actress, the fighter, or the goats. But what poor material they had in the wardrobes of memory for the trimmings and habiliments of vision, to make this lady into Freya, this prize-fighter into Thor, these goats into the harnessed steeds that drew his chariot! Man's dreams are rearranged and glorified memories. How could these people reconstruct the torn carpets and tin cans and waste-paper of their lives into mythology? How could memories of Ladies' Entrance squalor be made into Castles in Granada or Carcassonne? The things they drank to see, and saw but grotesquely, and paid for terribly, now roll before them with no after pain or punishment. The mumbled conversation, the sociability for which they leaned over the tables, they have here in the same manner with far more to talk about. They come, they go home, men and women together, as casually and impulsively as the men alone ever entered a drinking-place, but discoursing now of far-off mountains and star-crossed lovers. As Padraic Colum says in his poem on the herdsman: "With thoughts on white ships And the King of Spain's Daughter." This is why the saloon on the right hand and on the left in the slum is apt to move out when the photoplay moves in. But let us go to the other end of the temperance argument. I beg to be allowed to relate a personal matter. For some time I was a field-worker for the Anti-Saloon League of Illinois, being sent every Sunday to a new region to make the yearly visit on behalf of the league. Such a visitor is apt to speak to one church in a village, and two in the country, on each excursion, being met at the station by some leading farmer-citizen of the section, and driven to these points by him. The talk with this man was worth it all to me. The agricultural territory of the United States is naturally dry. This is because the cross-roads church is the only communal institution, and the voice of the cross-roads pastor is for teetotalism. The routine of the farm-hand, while by no means ideal in other respects, keeps him from craving drink as intensely as other toilers do. A day's work in the open air fills his veins at nightfall with an opiate of weariness instead of a high-strung nervousness. The strong men of the community are church elders, not through fanaticism, but by right of leadership. Through their office they are committed to prohibition. So opposition to the temperance movement is scattering. The Anti-Saloon League has organized these leaders into a nation-wide machine. It sees that they get their weekly paper, instructing them in the tactics whereby local fights have been won. A subscription financing the State League is taken once a year. It counts on the regular list of church benevolences. The state officers come in to help on the critical local fights. Any country politician fears their non-partisan denunciation as he does political death. The local machines thus backed are incurable mugwumps, hold the balance of power, work in both parties, and have voted dry the agricultural territory of the United States everywhere, by the township, county, or state unit. The only institutions that touch the same territory in a similar way are the Chautauquas in the prosperous agricultural centres. These, too, by the same sign are emphatically anti-saloon in their propaganda, serving to intellectualize and secularize the dry sentiment without taking it out of the agricultural caste. There is a definite line between our farm-civilization and the rest. When a county goes dry, it is generally in spite of the county-seat. Such temperance people as are in the court-house town represent the church-vote, which is even then in goodly proportion a retired-farmer vote. The larger the county-seat, the larger the non-church-going population and the more stubborn the fight. The majority of miners and factory workers are on the wet side everywhere. The irritation caused by the gases in the mines, by the dirty work in the blackness, by the squalor in which the company houses are built, turns men to drink for reaction and lamplight and comradeship. The similar fevers and exasperations of factory life lead the workers to unstring their tense nerves with liquor. The habit of snuggling up close in factories, conversing often, bench by bench, machine by machine, inclines them to get together for their pleasures at the bar. In industrial America there is an anti-saloon minority in moral sympathy with the temperance wave brought in by the farmers. But they are outstanding groups. Their leadership seldom dries up a factory town or a mining region, with all the help the Anti-Saloon League can give. In the big cities the temperance movement is scarcely understood. The choice residential districts are voted dry for real estate reasons. The men who do this, drink freely at their own clubs or parties. The temperance question would be fruitlessly argued to the end of time were it not for the massive agricultural vote rolling and roaring round each metropolis, reawakening the town churches whose vote is a pitiful minority but whose spokesmen are occasionally strident. There is a prophecy abroad that prohibition will be the issue of a national election. If the question is squarely put, there are enough farmers and church-people to drive the saloon out of legal existence. The women's vote, a little more puritanical than the men's vote, will make the result sure. As one anxious for this victory, I have often speculated on the situation when all America is nominally dry, at the behest of the American farmer, the American preacher, and the American woman. When the use of alcohol is treason, what will become of those all but unbroken lines of slum saloons? No lesser force than regular troops could dislodge them, with yesterday's intrenchment. The entrance of the motion picture house into the arena is indeed striking, the first enemy of King Alcohol with real power where that king has deepest hold. If every one of those saloon doors is nailed up by the Chautauqua orators, the photoplay archway will remain open. The people will have a shelter where they can readjust themselves, that offers a substitute for many of the lines of pleasure in the groggery. And a whole evening costs but a dime apiece. Several rounds of drinks are expensive, but the people can sit through as many repetitions of this programme as they desire, for one entrance fee. The dominant genius of the moving picture place is not a gentleman with a red nose and an eye like a dead fish, but some producer who, with all his faults, has given every person in the audience a seven-leagued angel-and-demon telescope. Since I have announced myself a farmer and a puritan, let me here list the saloon evils not yet recorded in this chapter. They are separate from the catalogue of the individualistic woes of the drunkard that are given in the Scripture. The shame of the American drinking place is the bar-tender who dominates its thinking. His cynical and hardened soul wipes out a portion of the influence of the public school, the library, the self-respecting newspaper. A stream rises no higher than its source, and through his dead-fish eye and dead-fish brain the group of tired men look upon all the statesmen and wise ones of the land. Though he says worse than nothing, his furry tongue, by endless reiteration, is the American slum oracle. At the present the bar-tender handles the neighborhood group, the ultimate unit in city politics. So, good citizen, welcome the coming of the moving picture man as a local social force. Whatever his private character, the mere formula of his activities makes him a better type. He may not at first sway his group in a directly political way, but he will make himself the centre of more social ideals than the bar-tender ever entertained. And he is beginning to have as intimate a relation to his public as the bar-tender. In many cases he stands under his arch in the sheltered lobby and is on conversing terms with his habitual customers, the length of the afternoon and evening. Voting the saloon out of the slums by voting America dry, does not, as of old, promise to be a successful operation that kills the patient. In the past some of the photoplay magazines have contained denunciations of the temperance people for refusing to say anything in behalf of the greatest practical enemy of the saloon. But it is not too late for the dry forces to repent. The Anti-Saloon League officers and the photoplay men should ask each other to dinner. More moving picture theatres in doubtful territory will help make dry voters. And wet territory voted dry will bring about a greatly accelerated patronage of the photoplay houses. There is every strategic reason why these two forces should patch up a truce. Meanwhile, the cave-man, reader of picture-writing, is given a chance to admit light into his mind, whatever he puts to his lips. Let us look for the day, be it a puritan triumph or not, when the sons and the daughters of the slums shall prophesy, the young men shall see visions, the old men dream dreams. The moving picture captains of industry, like the California gold finders of 1849, making colossal fortunes in two or three years, have the same glorious irresponsibility and occasional need of the sheriff. They are Californians more literally than this. Around Los Angeles the greatest and most characteristic moving picture colonies are being built. Each photoplay magazine has its California letter, telling of the putting-up of new studios, and the transfer of actors, with much slap-you-on-the-back personal gossip. This is the outgrowth of the fact that every type of the photoplay but the intimate is founded on some phase of the out-of-doors. Being thus dependent, the plant can best be set up where there is no winter. Besides this, the Los Angeles region has the sea, the mountains, the desert, and many kinds of grove and field. Landscape and architecture are sub-tropical. But for a description of California, ask any traveller or study the background of almost any photoplay. If the photoplay is the consistent utterance of its scenes, if the actors are incarnations of the land they walk upon, as they should be, California indeed stands a chance to achieve through the films an utterance of her own. Will this land furthest west be the first to capture the inner spirit of this newest and most curious of the arts? It certainly has the opportunity that comes with the actors, producers, and equipment. Let us hope that every region will develop the silent photographic pageant in a local form as outlined in the chapter on Progress and Endowment. Already the California sort, in the commercial channels, has become the broadly accepted if mediocre national form. People who revere the Pilgrim Fathers of 1620 have often wished those gentlemen had moored their bark in the region of Los Angeles rather than Plymouth Rock, that Boston had been founded there. At last that landing is achieved. Patriotic art students have discussed with mingled irony and admiration the Boston domination of the only American culture of the nineteenth century, namely, literature. Indianapolis has had her day since then, Chicago is lifting her head. Nevertheless Boston still controls the text-book in English and dominates our high schools. Ironic feelings in this matter on the part of western men are based somewhat on envy and illegitimate cussedness, but are also grounded in the honest hope of a healthful rivalry. They want new romanticists and artists as indigenous to their soil as was Hawthorne to witch-haunted Salem or Longfellow to the chestnuts of his native heath. Whatever may be said of the patriarchs, from Oliver Wendell Holmes to Amos Bronson Alcott, they were true sons of the New England stone fences and meeting houses. They could not have been born or nurtured anywhere else on the face of the earth. Some of us view with a peculiar thrill the prospect that Los Angeles may become the Boston of the photoplay. Perhaps it would be better to say the Florence, because California reminds one of colorful Italy more than of any part of the United States. Yet there is a difference. The present-day man-in-the-street, man-about-town Californian has an obvious magnificence about him that is allied to the eucalyptus tree, the pomegranate. California is a gilded state. It has not the sordidness of gold, as has Wall Street, but it is the embodiment of the natural ore that the ragged prospector finds. The gold of California is the color of the orange, the glitter of dawn in the Yosemite, the hue of the golden gate that opens the sunset way to mystic and terrible Cathay and Hindustan. The enemy of California says the state is magnificent but thin. He declares it is as though it were painted on a Brobdingnagian piece of gilt paper, and he who dampens his finger and thrusts it through finds an alkali valley on the other side, the lonely prickly pear, and a heap of ashes from a deserted camp-fire. He says the citizens of this state lack the richness of an æsthetic and religious tradition. He says there is no substitute for time. But even these things make for coincidence. This apparent thinness California has in common with the routine photoplay, which is at times as shallow in its thought as the shadow it throws upon the screen. This newness California has in common with all photoplays. It is thrillingly possible for the state and the art to acquire spiritual tradition and depth together. Part of the thinness of California is not only its youth, but the result of the physical fact that the human race is there spread over so many acres of land. They try not only to count their mines and enumerate their palm trees, but they count the miles of their sea-coast, and the acres under cultivation and the height of the peaks, and revel in large statistics and the bigness generally, and forget how a few men rattle around in a great deal of scenery. They shout their statistics across the Rockies and the deserts to New York. The Mississippi Valley is non-existent to the Californian. His fellow-feeling is for the opposite coast-line. Through the geographical accident of separation by mountain and desert from the rest of the country, he becomes a mere shouter, hurrahing so assiduously that all variety in the voice is lost. Then he tries gestures, and becomes flamboyant, rococo. These are the defects of the motion picture qualities also. Its panoramic tendency runs wild. As an institution it advertises itself with the sweeping gesture. It has the same passion for coast-line. These are not the sins of New England. When, in the hands of masters, they become sources of strength, they will be a different set of virtues from those of New England. There is no more natural place for the scattering of confetti than this state, except the moving picture scene itself. Both have a genius for gardens and dancing and carnival. When the Californian relegates the dramatic to secondary scenes, both in his life and his photoplay, and turns to the genuinely epic and lyric, he and this instrument may find their immortality together as New England found its soul in the essays of Emerson. Tide upon tide of Spring comes into California through all four seasons. Fairy beauty overwhelms the lumbering grand-stand players. The tiniest garden is a jewelled pathway of wonder. But the Californian cannot shout "orange blossoms, orange blossoms; heliotrope, heliotrope!" He cannot boom forth "roseleaves, roseleaves" so that he does their beauties justice. Here is where the photoplay can begin to give him a more delicate utterance. And he can go on into stranger things and evolve all the Splendor Films into higher types, for the very name of California is splendor. The California photo-playwright can base his Crowd Picture upon the city-worshipping mobs of San Francisco. He can derive his Patriotic and Religious Splendors from something older and more magnificent than the aisles of the Romanesque, namely: the groves of the giant redwoods. The campaign for a beautiful nation could very well emanate from the west coast, where with the slightest care grow up models for all the world of plant arrangement and tree-luxury. Our mechanical East is reproved, our tension is relaxed, our ugliness is challenged every time we look upon those garden paths and forests. It is possible for Los Angeles to lay hold of the motion picture as our national text-book in Art as Boston appropriated to herself the guardianship of the national text-books of Literature. If California has a shining soul, and not merely a golden body, let her forget her seventeen-year-old melodramatics, and turn to her poets who understand the heart underneath the glory. Edwin Markham, the dean of American singers, Clark Ashton Smith, the young star treader, George Sterling, that son of Ancient Merlin, have in their songs the seeds of better scenarios than California has sent us. There are two poems by George Sterling that I have had in mind for many a day as conceptions that should inspire mystic films akin to them. These poems are The Night Sentries and Tidal King of Nations. But California can tell us stories that are grim children of the tales of the wild Ambrose Bierce. Then there is the lovely unforgotten Nora May French and the austere Edward Rowland Sill. Edison is the new Gutenberg. He has invented the new printing. The state that realizes this may lead the soul of America, day after to-morrow. The moving picture goes almost as far as journalism into the social fabric in some ways, further in others. Soon, no doubt, many a little town will have its photographic news-press. We have already the weekly world-news films from the big centres. With local journalism will come devices for advertising home enterprises. Some staple products will be made attractive by having film-actors show their uses. The motion pictures will be in the public schools to stay. Text-books in geography, history, zoõlogy, botany, physiology, and other sciences will be illustrated by standardized films. Along with these changes, there will be available at certain centres collections of films equivalent to the Standard Dictionary and the Encyclopædia Britannica. And sooner or later we will have a straight-out capture of a complete film expression by the serious forces of civilization. The merely impudent motion picture will be relegated to the leisure hours with yellow journalism. Photoplay libraries are inevitable, as active if not as multitudinous as the book-circulating libraries. The oncoming machinery and expense of the motion picture is immense. Where will the money come from? No one knows. What the people want they will get. The race of man cannot afford automobiles, but has them nevertheless. We cannot run away into non-automobile existence or non-steam-engine or non-movie life long at a time. We must conquer this thing. While the more stately scientific and educational aspects just enumerated are slowly on their way, the artists must be up and about their ameliorative work. Every considerable effort to develop a noble idiom will count in the final result, as the writers of early English made possible the language of the Bible, Shakespeare, and Milton. We are perfecting a medium to be used as long as Chinese ideographs have been. It will no doubt, like the Chinese language, record in the end massive and classical treatises, imperial chronicles, law-codes, traditions, and religious admonitions. All this by the _motion picture_ as a recording instrument, not necessarily the _photoplay_, a much more limited thing, a form of art. What shall be done in especial by this generation of idealists, whose flags rise and go down, whose battle line wavers and breaks a thousand times? What is the high quixotic splendid call? We know of a group of public-spirited people who advocate, in endowed films, "safety first," another that champions total abstinence. Often their work seems lost in the mass of commercial production, but it is a good beginning. Such citizens take an established studio for a specified time and at the end put on the market a production that backs up their particular idea. There are certain terms between the owners of the film and the proprietors of the studio for the division of the income, the profits of the cult being spent on further propaganda. The product need not necessarily be the type outlined in chapter two, The Photoplay of Action. Often some other sort might establish the cause more deeply. But most of the propaganda films are of the action variety, because of the dynamic character of the people who produce them. Fired by fanatic zeal, the auto speeds faster, the rescuing hero runs harder, the stern policeman and sheriff become more jumpy, all that the audience may be converted. Here if anywhere meditation on the actual resources of charm and force in the art is a fitting thing. The crusader should realize that it is not a good Action Play nor even a good argument unless it is indeed the Winged Victory sort. The gods are not always on the side of those who throw fits. There is here appended a newspaper description of a crusading film, that, despite the implications of the notice, has many passages of charm. It is two-thirds Action Photoplay, one-third Intimate-and-friendly. The notice does not imply that at times the story takes pains to be gentle. This bit of writing is all too typical of film journalism. "Not only as an argument for suffrage but as a play with a story, a punch, and a mission, 'Your Girl and Mine' is produced under the direction of the National Woman's Suffrage Association at the Capitol to-day. "Olive Wyndham forsook the legitimate stage for the time to pose as the heroine of the play. Katherine Kaelred, leading lady of 'Joseph and his Brethren,' took the part of a woman lawyer battling for the right. Sydney Booth, of the 'Yellow Ticket' company posed as the hero of the experiment. John Charles and Katharine Henry played the villain and the honest working girl. About three hundred secondaries were engaged along with the principals. "It is melodrama of the most thrilling sort, in spite of the fact that there is a moral concealed in the very title of the play. But who is worried by a moral in a play which has an exciting hand-to-hand fight between a man and a woman in one of the earliest acts, when the quick march of events ranges from a wedding to a murder and an automobile abduction scene that breaks all former speed-records. 'The Cause' comes in most symbolically and poetically, a symbolic figure that 'fades out' at critical periods in the plot. Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, the famous suffrage leader, appears personally in the film. "'Your Girl and Mine' is a big play with a big mission built on a big scale. It is a whole evening's entertainment, and a very interesting evening at that." Here endeth the newspaper notice. Compare it with the Biograph advertisement of Judith in chapter six. There is nothing in the film that rasps like this account of it. The clipping serves to give the street-atmosphere through which our Woman's Suffrage Joan of Arcs move to conquest and glory with unstained banners. The obvious amendments to the production as an instrument of persuasion are two. Firstly there should be five reels instead of six, every scene shortened a bit to bring this result. Secondly, the lieutenant governor of the state, who is the Rudolf Rassendyll of the production, does not enter the story soon enough, and is too James K. Hacketty all at once. We are jerked into admiration of him, rather than ensnared. But after that the gentleman behaves more handsomely than any of the distinguished lieutenant governors in real life the present writer happens to remember. The figure of Aunt Jane, the queenly serious woman of affairs, is one to admire and love. Her effectiveness without excess or strain is in itself an argument for giving woman the vote. The newspaper notice does not state the facts in saying the symbolical figure "fades out" at critical periods in the plot. On the contrary, she appears at critical periods, clothed in white, solemn and royal. She comes into the groups with an adequate allurement, pointing the moral of each situation while she shines brightest. The two children for whom the contest is fought are winsome little girls. By the side of their mother in the garden or in the nursery they are a potent argument for the natural rights of femininity. The film is by no means ultra-æsthetic. The implications of the clipping are correct to that degree. But the resources of beauty within the ready command of the advising professional producer are used by the women for all they are worth. It could not be asked of them that they evolve technical novelties. Yet the figures of Aunt Jane and the Goddess of Suffrage are something new in their fashion. Aunt Jane is a spiritual sister to that unprecedented woman, Jane Addams, who went to the Hague conference for Peace in the midst of war, which heroic action the future will not forget. Aunt Jane does justice to that breed of women amid the sweetness and flowers and mere scenario perils of the photoplay story. The presence of the "Votes for Women" figure is the beginning of a line of photoplay goddesses that serious propaganda in the new medium will make part of the American Spiritual Hierarchy. In the imaginary film of Our Lady Springfield, described in the chapter on Architecture-in-Motion, a kindred divinity is presumed to stand by the side of the statue when it first reaches the earth. High-minded graduates of university courses in sociology and schools of philanthropy, devout readers of The Survey, The Chicago Public, The Masses, The New Republic, La Follette's, are going to advocate increasingly, their varied and sometimes contradictory causes, in films. These will generally be produced by heroic exertions in the studio, and much passing of the subscription paper outside. Then there are endowments already in existence that will no doubt be diverted to the photoplay channel. In every state house, and in Washington, D.C., increasing quantities of dead printed matter have been turned out year after year. They have served to kindle various furnaces and feed the paper-mills a second time. Many of these routine reports will remain in innocuous desuetude. But one-fourth of them, perhaps, are capable of being embodied in films. If they are scientific demonstrations, they can be made into realistic motion picture records. If they are exhortations, they can be transformed into plays with a moral, brothers of the film Your Girl and Mine. The appropriations for public printing should include such work hereafter. The scientific museums distribute routine pamphlets that would set the whole world right on certain points if they were but read by said world. Let them be filmed and started. Whatever the congressman is permitted to frank to his constituency, let him send in the motion picture form when it is the expedient and expressive way. When men work for the high degrees in the universities, they labor on a piece of literary conspiracy called a thesis which no one outside the university hears of again. The gist of this research work that is dead to the democracy, through the university merits of thoroughness, moderation of statement, and final touch of discovery, would have a chance to live and grip the people in a motion picture transcript, if not a photoplay. It would be University Extension. The relentless fire of criticism which the heads of the departments would pour on the production before they allowed it to pass would result in a standardization of the sense of scientific fact over the land. Suppose the film has the coat of arms of the University of Chicago along with the name of the young graduate whose thesis it is. He would have a chance to reflect credit on the university even as much as a foot-ball player. Large undertakings might be under way, like those described in the chapter on Architecture-in-Motion. But these would require much more than the ordinary outlay for thesis work, less, perhaps, than is taken for Athletics. Lyman Howe and several other world-explorers have already set the pace in the more human side of the educative film. The list of Mr. Howe's offerings from the first would reveal many a one that would have run the gantlet of a university department. He points out a new direction for old energies, whereby professors may become citizens. Let the cave-man, reader of picture-writing, be allowed to ponder over scientific truth. He is at present the victim of the alleged truth of the specious and sentimental variety of photograph. It gives the precise edges of the coat or collar of the smirking masher and the exact fibre in the dress of the jumping-jack. The eye grows weary of sharp points and hard edges that mean nothing. All this idiotic precision is going to waste. It should be enlisted in the cause of science and abated everywhere else. The edges in art are as mysterious as in science they are exact. Some of the higher forms of the Intimate Moving Picture play should be endowed by local coteries representing their particular region. Every community of fifty thousand has its group of the cultured who have heretofore studied and imitated things done in the big cities. Some of these coteries will in exceptional cases become creative and begin to express their habitation and name. The Intimate Photoplay is capable of that delicacy and that informality which should characterize neighborhood enterprises. The plays could be acted by the group who, season after season, have secured the opera house for the annual amateur show. Other dramatic ability could be found in the high-schools. There is enough talent in any place to make an artistic revolution, if once that region is aflame with a common vision. The spirit that made the Irish Players, all so racy of the soil, can also move the company of local photoplayers in Topeka, or Indianapolis, or Denver. Then let them speak for their town, not only in great occasional enterprises, but steadily, in little fancies, genre pictures, developing a technique that will finally make magnificence possible. There was given not long ago, at the Illinois Country Club here, a performance of The Yellow Jacket by the Coburn Players. It at once seemed an integral part of this chapter. The two flags used for a chariot, the bamboo poles for oars, the red sack for a decapitated head, etc., were all convincing, through a direct resemblance as well as the passionate acting. They suggest a possible type of hieroglyphics to be developed by the leader of the local group. Let the enthusiast study this westernized Chinese play for primitive representative methods. It can be found in book form, a most readable work. It is by G.C. Hazelton, Jr., and J.H. Benrimo. The resemblance between the stage property and the thing represented is fairly close. The moving flags on each side of the actor suggest the actual color and progress of the chariot, and abstractly suggest its magnificence. The red sack used for a bloody head has at least the color and size of one. The dressed-up block of wood used for a child is the length of an infant of the age described and wears the general costume thereof. The farmer's hoe, though exaggerated, is still an agricultural implement. The evening's list of properties is economical, filling one wagon, rather than three. Photographic realism is splendidly put to rout by powerful representation. When the villager desires to embody some episode that if realistically given would require a setting beyond the means of the available endowment, and does not like the near-Egyptian method, let him evolve his near-Chinese set of symbols. The Yellow Jacket was written after long familiarity with the Chinese Theatre in San Francisco. The play is a glory to that city as well as to Hazelton and Benrimo. But every town in the United States has something as striking as the Chinese Theatre, to the man who keeps the eye of his soul open. It has its Ministerial Association, its boys' secret society, its red-eyed political gang, its grubby Justice of the Peace court, its free school for the teaching of Hebrew, its snobbish chapel, its fire-engine house, its milliner's shop. All these could be made visible in photoplays as flies are preserved in amber. Edgar Lee Masters looked about him and discovered the village graveyard, and made it as wonderful as Noah's Ark, or Adam naming the animals, by supplying honest inscriptions to the headstones. Such stories can be told by the Chinese theatrical system as well. As many different films could be included under the general title: "Seven Old Families, and Why they Went to Smash." Or a less ominous series would be "Seven Victorious Souls." For there are triumphs every day under the drab monotony of an apparently defeated town: conquests worthy of the waving of sun-banners. Above all, The Yellow Jacket points a moral for this chapter because there was conscience behind it. First: the rectitude of the Chinese actors of San Francisco who kept the dramatic tradition alive, a tradition that was bequeathed from the ancient generations. Then the artistic integrity of the men who readapted the tradition for western consumption, and their religious attitude that kept the high teaching and devout feeling for human life intact in the play. Then the zeal of the Drama League that indorsed it for the country. Then the earnest work of the Coburn Players who embodied it devoutly, so that the whole company became dear friends forever. By some such ladder of conscience as this can the local scenario be endowed, written, acted, filmed, and made a real part of the community life. The Yellow Jacket was a drama, not a photoplay. This chapter does not urge that it be readapted for a photoplay in San Francisco or anywhere else. But a kindred painting-in-motion, something as beautiful and worthy and intimate, in strictly photoplay terms, might well be the flower of the work of the local groups of film actors. Harriet Monroe's magazine, "Poetry" Chicago, has given us a new sect, the Imagists: Ezra Pound, Richard Aldington, John Gould Fletcher, Amy Lowell, F.S. Flint, D.H. Lawrence, and others. They are gathering followers and imitators. To these followers I would say: the Imagist impulse need not be confined to verse. Why would you be imitators of these leaders when you might be creators in a new medium? There is a clear parallelism between their point of view in verse and the Intimate-and-friendly Photoplay, especially when it is developed from the standpoint of the last part of chapter nine, _space measured without sound plus time measured without sound_. There is no clan to-day more purely devoted to art for art's sake than the Imagist clan. An Imagist film would offer a noble challenge to the overstrained emotion, the over-loaded splendor, the mere repetition of what are at present the finest photoplays. Now even the masterpieces are incontinent. Except for some of the old one-reel Biographs of Griffith's beginning, there is nothing of Doric restraint from the best to the worst. Read some of the poems of the people listed above, then imagine the same moods in the films. Imagist photoplays would be Japanese prints taking on life, animated Japanese paintings, Pompeian mosaics in kaleidoscopic but logical succession, Beardsley drawings made into actors and scenery, Greek vase-paintings in motion. Scarcely a photoplay but hints at the Imagists in one scene. Then the illusion is lost in the next turn of the reel. Perhaps it would be a sound observance to confine this form of motion picture to a half reel or quarter reel, just as the Imagist poem is generally a half or quarter page. A series of them could fill a special evening. The Imagists are colorists. Some people do not consider that photographic black, white, and gray are color. But here for instance are seven colors which the Imagists might use: 1 The whiteness of swans in the light. 2 The whiteness of swans in a gentle shadow. 3 The color of a sunburned man in the light. 4 His color in a gentle shadow. 5 His color in a deeper shadow. 6 The blackness of black velvet in the light. 7 The blackness of black velvet in a deep shadow. And to use these colors with definite steps from one to the other does not militate against an artistic mystery of edge and softness in the flow of line. There is a list of possible Imagist textures which is only limited by the number of things to be seen in the world. Probably only seven or ten would be used in one scheme and the same list kept through one production. The Imagist photoplay will put discipline into the inner ranks of the enlightened and remind the sculptors, painters, and architects of the movies that there is a continence even beyond sculpture and that seas of realism may not have the power of a little well-considered elimination. The use of the scientific film by established institutions like schools and state governments has been discussed. Let the Church also, in her own way, avail herself of the motion picture, whole-heartedly, as in mediæval time she took over the marvel of Italian painting. There was a stage in her history when religious representation was by Byzantine mosaics, noble in color, having an architectural use, but curious indeed to behold from the standpoint of those who crave a sensitive emotional record. The first paintings of Cimabue and Giotto, giving these formulas a touch of life, were hailed with joy by all Italy. Now the Church Universal has an opportunity to establish her new painters if she will. She has taken over in the course of history, for her glory, miracle plays, Romanesque and Gothic architecture, stained glass windows, and the music of St. Cecilia's organ. Why not this new splendor? The Cathedral of St. John the Divine, on Morningside Heights, should establish in its crypt motion pictures as thoroughly considered as the lines of that building, if possible designed by the architects thereof, with the same sense of permanency. This chapter does not advocate that the Church lay hold of the photoplays as one more medium for reillustrating the stories of the Bible as they are given in the Sunday-school papers. It is not pietistic simpering that will feed the spirit of Christendom, but a steady church-patronage of the most skilful and original motion picture artists. Let the Church follow the precedent which finally gave us Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Andrea del Sarto, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Correggio, Titian, Paul Veronese, Tintoretto, and the rest. Who will endow the successors of the present woman's suffrage film, and other great crusading films? Who will see that the public documents and university researches take on the form of motion pictures? Who will endow the local photoplay and the Imagist photoplay? Who will take the first great measures to insure motion picture splendors in the church? Things such as these come on the winds of to-morrow. But let the crusader look about him, and where it is possible, put in the diplomatic word, and coöperate with the Gray Norns. Many a worker sees his future America as a Utopia, in which his own profession, achieving dictatorship, alleviates the ills of men. The militarist grows dithyrambic in showing how war makes for the blessings of peace. The economic teacher argues that if we follow his political economy, none of us will have to economize. The church-fanatic says if all churches will merge with his organization, none of them will have to try to behave again. They will just naturally be good. The physician hopes to abolish the devil by sanitation. We have our Utopias. Despite levity, the present writer thinks that such hopes are among the most useful things the earth possesses. A normal man in the full tide of his activities finds that a world-machinery could logically be built up by his profession. At least in the heyday of his working hours his vocation satisfies his heart. So he wants the entire human race to taste that satisfaction. Approximate Utopias have been built from the beginning. Many civilizations have had some dominant craft to carry them the major part of the way. The priests have made India. The classical student has preserved Old China to its present hour of new life. The samurai knights have made Japan. Sailors have evolved the British Empire. One of the enticing future Americas is that of the architect. Let the architect appropriate the photoplay as his means of propaganda and begin. From its intrinsic genius it can give his profession a start beyond all others in dominating this land. Or such is one of many speculations of the present writer. The photoplay can speak the language of the man who has a mind World's Fair size. That we are going to have successive generations of such builders may be reasonably implied from past expositions. Beginning with Philadelphia in 1876, and going on to San Francisco and San Diego in 1915, nothing seems to stop us from the habit. Let us enlarge this proclivity into a national mission in as definite a movement, as thoroughly thought out as the evolution of the public school system, the formation of the Steel Trust, and the like. After duly weighing all the world's fairs, let our architects set about making the whole of the United States into a permanent one. Supposing the date to begin the erection be 1930. Till that time there should be tireless if indirect propaganda that will further the architectural state of mind, and later bring about the elucidation of the plans while they are being perfected. For many years this America, founded on the psychology of the Splendor Photoplay, will be evolving. It might be conceived as a going concern at a certain date within the lives of men now living, but it should never cease to develop. To make films of a more beautiful United States is as practical and worth while a custom as to make military spy maps of every inch of a neighbor's territory, putting in each fence and cross-roads. Those who would satisfy the national pride with something besides battle flags must give our people an objective as shining and splendid as war when it is most glittering, something Napoleonic, and with no outward pretence of excessive virtue. We want a substitute as dramatic internationally, yet world-winning, friend making. If America is to become the financial centre through no fault of her own, that fact must have a symbol other than guns on the sea-coast. If it is inexpedient for the architectural patriarchs and their young hopefuls to take over the films bodily, let a board of strategy be formed who make it their business to eat dinner with the scenario writers, producers, and owners, conspiring with them in some practical way. Why should we not consider ourselves a deathless Panama-Pacific Exposition on a coast-to-coast scale? Let Chicago be the transportation building, Denver the mining building. Let Kansas City be the agricultural building and Jacksonville, Florida, the horticultural building, and so around the states. Even as in mediæval times men rode for hundreds of miles through perils to the permanent fairs of the free cities, the world-travellers will attend this exhibit, and many of them will in the end become citizens. Our immigration will be something more than tide upon tide of raw labor. The Architects would send forth publicity films which are not only delineations of a future Cincinnati, Cleveland, or St. Louis, but whole counties and states and groups of states could be planned at one time, with the development of their natural fauna, flora, and forestry. Wherever nature has been rendered desolate by industry or mere haste, there let the architect and park-architect proclaim the plan. Wherever she is still splendid and untamed, let her not be violated. America is in the state of mind where she must visualize herself again. If it is not possible to bring in the New Jerusalem to-day, by public act, with every citizen eating bread and honey under his vine and fig-tree, owning forty acres and a mule, singing hymns and saying prayers all his leisure hours, it is still reasonable to think out tremendous things the American people can do, in the light of what they have done, without sacrificing any of their native cussedness or kick. It was sprawling Chicago that in 1893 achieved the White City. The automobile routes bind the states together closer than muddy counties were held in 1893. A "Permanent World's Fair" may be a phrase distressing to the literal mind. Perhaps it would be better to say "An Architect's America." Let each city take expert counsel from the architectural demigods how to tear out the dirty core of its principal business square and erect a combination of civic centre and permanent and glorious bazaar. Let the public debate the types of state flower, tree, and shrub that are expedient, the varieties of villages and middle-sized towns, farm-homes, and connecting parkways. Sometimes it seems to me the American expositions are as characteristic things as our land has achieved. They went through without hesitation. The difficulties of one did not deter the erection of the next. The United States may be in many things slack. Often the democracy looks hopelessly shoddy. But it cannot be denied that our people have always risen to the dignity of these great architectural projects. Once the population understand they are dealing with the same type of idea on a grander scale, they will follow to the end. We are not proposing an economic revolution, or that human nature be suddenly altered. If California can remain in the World's Fair state of mind for four or five years, and finally achieve such a splendid result, all the states can undertake a similar project conjointly, and because of the momentum of a nation moving together, remain in that mind for the length of the life of a man. Here we have this great instrument, the motion picture, the fourth largest industry in the United States, attended daily by ten million people, and in ten days by a hundred million, capable of interpreting the largest conceivable ideas that come within the range of the plastic arts, and those ideas have not been supplied. It is still the plaything of newly rich vaudeville managers. The nation goes daily, through intrinsic interest in the device, and is dosed with such continued stories as the Adventures of Kathlyn, What Happened to Mary, and the Million Dollar Mystery, stretched on through reel after reel, week after week. Kathlyn had no especial adventures. Nothing in particular happened to Mary. The million dollar mystery was: why did the millionaires who owned such a magnificent instrument descend to such silliness and impose it on the people? Why cannot our weekly story be henceforth some great plan that is being worked out, whose history will delight us? For instance, every stage of the building of the Panama Canal was followed with the greatest interest in the films. But there was not enough of it to keep the films busy. The great material projects are often easier to realize than the little moral reforms. Beautiful architectural undertakings, while appearing to be material, and succeeding by the laws of American enterprise, bring with them the healing hand of beauty. Beauty is not directly pious, but does more civilizing in its proper hour than many sermons or laws. The world seems to be in the hands of adventurers. Why not this for the adventure of the American architects? If something akin to this plan does not come to pass through photoplay propaganda, it means there is no American builder with the blood of Julius Cæsar in his veins. If there is the old brute lust for empire left in any builder, let him awake. The world is before him. As for the other Utopians, the economist, the physician, the puritan, as soon as the architects have won over the photoplay people, let these others take sage counsel and ensnare the architects. Is there a reform worth while that cannot be embodied and enforced by a builder's invention? A mere city plan, carried out, or the name or intent of a quasi-public building and the list of offices within it may bring about more salutary economic change than all the debating and voting imaginable. So without too much theorizing, why not erect our new America and move into it? If he will be so indulgent with his author, let the reader approach the photoplay theatre as though for the first time, having again a new point of view. Here the poorest can pay and enter from the glaring afternoon into the twilight of an Ali Baba's cave. The dime is the single open-sesame required. The half-light wherein the audience is seated, by which they can read in an emergency, is as bright and dark as that of some candle-lit churches. It reveals much in the faces and figures of the audience that cannot be seen by common day. Hard edges are the main things that we lose. The gain is in all the delicacies of modelling, tone-relations, form, and color. A hundred evanescent impressions come and go. There is often a tenderness of appeal about the most rugged face in the assembly. Humanity takes on its sacred aspect. It is a crude mind that would insist that these appearances are not real, that the eye does not see them when all eyes behold them. To say dogmatically that any new thing seen by half-light is an illusion, is like arguing that a discovery by the telescope or microscope is unreal. If the appearances are beautiful besides, they are not only facts, but assets in our lives. Book-reading is not done in the direct noon-sunlight. We retire to the shaded porch. It takes two more steps toward quietness of light to read the human face and figure. Many great paintings and poems are records of things discovered in this quietness of light. It is indeed ironical in our Ali Baba's cave to see sheer everydayness and hardness upon the screen, the audience dragged back to the street they have escaped. One of the inventions to bring the twilight of the gathering into brotherhood with the shadows on the screen is a simple thing known to the trade as the fadeaway, that had its rise in a commonplace fashion as a method of keeping the story from ending with the white glare of the empty screen. As a result of the device the figures in the first episode emerge from the dimness and in the last one go back into the shadow whence they came, as foam returns to the darkness of an evening sea. In the imaginative pictures the principle begins to be applied more largely, till throughout the fairy story the figures float in and out from the unknown, as fancies should. This method in its simplicity counts more to keep the place an Ali Baba's cave than many a more complicated procedure. In luxurious scenes it brings the soft edges of Correggio, and in solemn ones a light and shadow akin to the effects of Rembrandt. Now we have a darkness on which we can paint, an unspoiled twilight. We need not call it the Arabian's cave. There is a tomb we might have definitely in mind, an Egyptian burying-place where with a torch we might enter, read the inscriptions, and see the illustrations from the Book of the Dead on the wall, or finding that ancient papyrus in the mummy-case, unroll it and show it to the eager assembly, and have the feeling of return. Man is an Egyptian first, before he is any other type of civilized being. The Nile flows through his heart. So let this cave be Egypt, let us incline ourselves to revere the unconscious memories that echo within us when we see the hieroglyphics of Osiris, and Isis. Egypt was our long brooding youth. We built the mysteriousness of the Universe into the Pyramids, carved it into every line of the Sphinx. We thought always of the immemorial. The reel now before us is the mighty judgment roll dealing with the question of our departure in such a way that any man who beholds it will bear the impress of the admonition upon his heart forever. Those Egyptian priests did no little thing, when amid their superstitions they still proclaimed the Judgment. Let no one consider himself ready for death, till like the men by the Nile he can call up every scene, face with courage every exigency of the ordeal. There is one copy of the Book of the Dead of especial interest, made for the Scribe Ani, with exquisite marginal drawings. Copies may be found in our large libraries. The particular fac-simile I had the honor to see was in the Lenox Library, New York, several years ago. Ani, according to the formula of the priesthood, goes through the adventures required of a shade before he reaches the court of Osiris. All the Egyptian pictures on tomb-wall and temple are but enlarged picture-writing made into tableaus. Through such tableaus Ani moves. The Ani manuscript has so fascinated some of the Egyptologists that it is copied in figures fifteen feet high on the walls of two of the rooms of the British Museum. And you can read the story eloquently told in Maspero. Ani knocks at many doors in the underworld. Monstrous gatekeepers are squatting on their haunches with huge knives to slice him if he cannot remember their names or give the right password, or by spells the priests have taught him, convince the sentinels that he is Osiris himself. To further the illusion the name of Osiris is inscribed on his breast. While he is passing these perils his little wife is looking on by a sort of clairvoyant sympathy, though she is still alive. She is depicted mourning him and embracing his mummy on earth at the same time she accompanies him through the shadows. Ani ploughs and sows and reaps in the fields of the underworld. He is carried past a dreadful place on the back of the cow Hathor. After as many adventures as Browning's Childe Roland he steps into the judgment-hall of the gods. They sit in majestic rows. He makes the proper sacrifices, and advances to the scales of justice. There he sees his own heart weighed against the ostrich-feather of Truth, by the jackal-god Anubis, who has already presided at his embalming. His own soul, in the form of a human-headed hawk, watches the ceremony. His ghost, which is another entity, looks through the door with his little wife. Both of them watch with tense anxiety. The fate of every phase of his personality depends upon the purity of his heart. Lying in wait behind Anubis is a monster, part crocodile, part lion, part hippopotamus. This terror will eat the heart of Ani if it is found corrupt. At last he is declared justified. Thoth, the ibis-headed God of Writing, records the verdict on his tablet. The justified Ani moves on past the baffled devourer, with the mystic presence of his little wife rejoicing at his side. They go to the awful court of Osiris. She makes sacrifice with him there. The God of the Dead is indeed a strange deity, a seated semi-animated mummy, with all the appurtenances of royalty, and with the four sons of Horus on a lotus before him, and his two wives, Isis and Nephthys, standing behind his throne with their hands on his shoulders. The justified soul now boards the boat in which the sun rides as it journeys through the night. He rises a glorious boatman in the morning, working an oar to speed the craft through the high ocean of the noon sky. Henceforth he makes the eternal round with the sun. Therefore in Ancient Egypt the roll was called, not the Book of the Dead, but The Chapters on Coming Forth by Day_. This book on motion pictures does not profess to be an expert treatise on Egyptology as well. The learned folk are welcome to amend the modernisms that have crept into it. But the fact remains that something like this story in one form or another held Egypt spell-bound for many hundred years. It was the force behind every mummification. It was the reason for the whole Egyptian system of life, death, and entombment, for the man not embalmed could not make the journey. So the explorer finds the Egyptian with a roll of this papyrus as a guide-book on his mummy breast. The soul needed to return for refreshment periodically to the stone chamber, and the mummy mutilated or destroyed could not entertain the guest. Egypt cried out through thousands of years for the ultimate resurrection of the whole man, his _coming forth by day_. We need not fear that a story that so dominated a race will be lost on modern souls when vividly set forth. Is it too much to expect that some American prophet-wizard of the future will give us this film in the spirit of an Egyptian priest? The Greeks, the wisest people in our limited system of classics, bowed down before the Egyptian hierarchy. That cult must have had a fine personal authority and glamour to master such men. The unseen mysteries were always on the Egyptian heart as a burden and a consolation, and though there may have been jugglers in the outer courts of these temples, as there have been in the courts of all temples, no mere actor could make an Egyptian priest of himself. Their very alphabet has a regal enchantment in its lines, and the same æsthetic-mystical power remains in their pylons and images under the blaze of the all-revealing noonday sun. Here is a nation, America, going for dreams into caves as shadowy as the tomb of Queen Thi. There they find too often, not that ancient priestess and ruler, nor any of her kin, nor yet Ani the scribe, nor yet any of the kings, but shabby rags of fancy, or circuses that were better in the street. Because ten million people daily enter into the cave, something akin to Egyptian wizardry, certain national rituals, will be born. By studying the matter of being an Egyptian priest for a little while, the author-producer may learn in the end how best to express and satisfy the spirit-hungers that are peculiarly American. It is sometimes out of the oldest dream that the youngest vision is born. The whirlwind of cowboys and Indians with which the photoplay began, came about because this instrument, in asserting its genius, was feeling its way toward the most primitive forms of life it could find. Now there is a tendency for even wilder things. We behold the half-draped figures living in tropical islands or our hairy fore-fathers acting out narratives of the stone age. The moving picture conventionality permits an abbreviation of drapery. If the primitive setting is convincing, the figure in the grass-robe or buffalo hide at once has its rights over the healthful imagination. There is in this nation of moving-picture-goers a hunger for tales of fundamental life that are not yet told. The cave-man longs with an incurable homesickness for his ancient day. One of the fine photoplays of primeval life is the story called Man's Genesis, described in chapter two. We face the exigency the world over of vast instruments like national armies being played against each other as idly and aimlessly as the checker-men on the cracker-barrels of corner groceries. And this invention, the kinetoscope, which affects or will affect as many people as the guns of Europe, is not yet understood in its powers, particularly those of bringing back the primitive in a big rich way. The primitive is always a new and higher beginning to the man who understands it. Not yet has the producer learned that the feeling of the crowd is patriarchal, splendid. He imagines the people want nothing but a silly lark. All this apparatus and opportunity, and no immortal soul! Yet by faith and a study of the signs we proclaim that this lantern of wizard-drama is going to give us in time the visible things in the fulness of their primeval force, and some that have been for a long time invisible. To speak in a metaphor, we are going to have the primitive life of Genesis, then all that evolution after: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and on to a new revelation of St. John. In this adolescence of Democracy the history of man is to be retraced, the same round on a higher spiral of life. Our democratic dream has been a middle-class aspiration built on a bog of toil-soddened minds. The piles beneath the castle of our near-democratic arts were rotting for lack of folk-imagination. The Man with the Hoe had no spark in his brain. But now a light is blazing. We can build the American soul broad-based from the foundations. We can begin with dreams the veriest stone-club warrior can understand, and as far as an appeal to the eye can do it, lead him in fancy through every phase of life to the apocalyptic splendors. This progress, according to the metaphor of this chapter, will be led by prophet-wizards. These were the people that dominated the cave-men of old. But what, more specifically, are prophet-wizards? Let us consider two kinds of present-day people: scientific inventors, on the one hand, and makers of art and poetry and the like, on the other. The especial producers of art and poetry that we are concerned with in this chapter we will call prophet-wizards: men like Albert Dürer, Rembrandt, Blake, Elihu Vedder, Watts, Rossetti, Tennyson, Coleridge, Poe, Maeterlinck, Yeats, Francis Thompson. They have a certain unearthly fascination in some one or many of their works. A few other men might be added to the list. Most great names are better described under other categories, though as much beloved in their own way. But these are especially adapted to being set in opposition to a list of mechanical inventors that might be called realists by contrast: the Wright brothers, and H. Pierpont Langley, Thomas A. Edison, Charles Steinmetz, John Hays Hammond, Hudson Maxim, Graham Bell. The prophet-wizards are of various schools. But they have a common tendency and character in bringing forth a type of art peculiarly at war with the realistic civilization science has evolved. It is one object of this chapter to show that, when it comes to a clash between the two forces, the wizards should rule, and the realists should serve them. The two functions go back through history, sometimes at war, other days in alliance. The poet and the scientist were brethren in the centuries of alchemy. Tennyson, bearing in mind such a period, took the title of Merlin in his veiled autobiography, Merlin and the Gleam. Wizards and astronomers were one when the angels sang in Bethlehem, "Peace on Earth, Good Will to Men." There came magicians, saying, "Where is he that is born king of the Jews, for we have seen his star in the east and have come to worship him?" The modern world in its gentler moments seems to take a peculiar thrill of delight from these travellers, perhaps realizing what has been lost from parting with such gentle seers and secular diviners. Every Christmas half the magazines set them forth in richest colors, riding across the desert, following the star to the same manger where the shepherds are depicted. Those wizard kings, whatever useless charms and talismans they wore, stood for the unknown quantity in spiritual life. A magician is a man who lays hold on the unseen for the mere joy of it, who steals, if necessary, the holy bread and the sacred fire. He is often of the remnant of an ostracized and disestablished priesthood. He is a free-lance in the soul-world, owing final allegiance to no established sect. The fires of prophecy are as apt to descend upon him as upon members of the established faith. He loves the mysterious for the beauty of it, the wildness and the glory of it, and not always to compel stiff-necked people to do right. It seems to me that the scientific and poetic functions of society should make common cause again, if they are not, as in Merlin's time, combined in one personality. They must recognize that they serve the same society, but with the understanding that the prophetic function is the most important, the wizard vocation the next, and the inventors' and realists' genius important indeed, but the third consideration. The war between the scientists and the prophet-wizards has come about because of the half-defined ambition of the scientists to rule or ruin. They give us the steam-engine, the skyscraper, the steam-heat, the flying machine, the elevated railroad, the apartment house, the newspaper, the breakfast food, the weapons of the army, the weapons of the navy, and think that they have beautified our existence. Moreover some one rises at this point to make a plea for the scientific imagination. He says the inventor-scientists have brought us the mystery of electricity, which is no hocus-pocus, but a special manifestation of the Immanent God within us and about us. He says the student in the laboratory brought us the X-ray, the wireless telegraph, the mystery of radium, the mystery of all the formerly unharnessed power of God which man is beginning to gather into the hollow of his hand. The one who pleads for the scientific imagination points out that Edison has been called the American Wizard. All honor to Edison and his kind. And I admit specifically that Edison took the first great mechanical step to give us the practical kinetoscope and make it possible that the photographs, even of inanimate objects thrown upon the mirror-screen, may become celestial actors. But the final phase of the transfiguration is not the work of this inventor or any other. As long as the photoplays are in the hands of men like Edison they are mere voodooism. We have nothing but Moving Day, as heretofore described. It is only in the hands of the prophetic photo-playwright and allied artists that the kinetoscope reels become as mysterious and dazzling to the thinking spirit as the wheels of Ezekiel in the first chapter of his prophecy. One can climb into the operator's box and watch the sword-like stream of light till he is as dazzled in flesh and spirit as the moth that burns its wings in the lamp. But this is while a glittering vision and not a mere invention is being thrown upon the screen. The scientific man can explain away the vision as a matter of the technique of double exposure, double printing, trick-turning, or stopping down. And having reduced it to terms and shown the process, he expects us to become secular and casual again. But of course the sun itself is a mere trick of heat and light, a dynamo, an incandescent globe, to the man in the laboratory. To us it must be a fire upon the altar. Transubstantiation must begin. Our young magicians must derive strange new pulse-beats from the veins of the earth, from the sap of the trees, from the lightning of the sky, as well as the alchemical acids, metals, and flames. Then they will kindle the beginning mysteries for our cause. They will build up a priesthood that is free, yet authorized to freedom. It will be established and disestablished according to the intrinsic authority of the light revealed. Now for a closer view of this vocation. The picture of Religious Splendor has its obvious form in the delineation of Biblical scenes, which, in the hands of the best commercial producers, can be made as worth while as the work of men like Tissot. Such films are by no means to be thought of lightly. This sort of work will remain in the minds of many of the severely orthodox as the only kind of a religious picture worthy of classification. But there are many further fields. Just as the wireless receiving station or the telephone switchboard become heroes in the photoplay, so Aaron's rod that confounded the Egyptians, the brazen serpent that Moses up-lifted in the wilderness, the ram's horn that caused the fall of Jericho, the mantle of Elijah descending upon the shoulders of Elisha from the chariot of fire, can take on a physical electrical power and a hundred times spiritual meaning that they could not have in the dead stage properties of the old miracle play or the realism of the Tissot school. The waterfall and the tossing sea are dramatis personæ in the ordinary film romance. So the Red Sea overwhelming Pharaoh, the fires of Nebuchadnezzar's furnace sparing and sheltering the three holy children, can become celestial actors. And winged couriers can appear, in the pictures, with missions of import, just as an angel descended to Joshua, saying, "As captain of the host of the Lord am I now come." The pure mechanic does not accept the doctrine. "Your alleged supernatural appearance," he says, "is based on such a simple fact as this: two pictures can be taken on one film." But the analogy holds. Many primitive peoples are endowed with memories that are double photographs. The world faiths, based upon centuries of these appearances, are none the less to be revered because machine-ridden men have temporarily lost the power of seeing their thoughts as pictures in the air, and for the time abandoned the task of adding to tradition. Man will not only see visions again, but machines themselves, in the hands of prophets, will see visions. In the hands of commercial men they are seeing alleged visions, and the term "_vision_" is a part of moving-picture studio slang, unutterably cheapening religion and tradition. When Confucius came, he said one of his tasks was the rectification of names. The leaders of this age should see that this word "_vision_" comes to mean something more than a piece of studio slang. If it is the conviction of serious minds that the mass of men shall never again see pictures out of Heaven except through such mediums as the kinetoscope lens, let all the higher forces of our land courageously lay hold upon this thing that saves us from perpetual spiritual blindness. When the thought of primitive man, embodied in misty forms on the landscape, reached epic proportions in the Greek, he saw the Olympians more plainly than he beheld the Acropolis. Myron, Polykleitos, Phidias, Scopas, Lysippus, Praxiteles, discerned the gods and demigods so clearly they afterward cut them from the hard marble without wavering. Our guardian angels of to-day must be as clearly seen and nobly hewn. A double mental vision is as fundamental in human nature as the double necessity for air and light. It is as obvious as that a thing can be both written and spoken. We have maintained that the kinetoscope in the hands of artists is a higher form of picture writing. In the hands of prophet-wizards it will be a higher form of vision-seeing. I have said that the commercial men are seeing alleged visions. Take, for instance, the large Italian film that attempts to popularize Dante. Though it has a scattering of noble passages, and in some brief episodes it is an enhancement of Gustave Doré, taking it as a whole, it is a false thing. It is full of apparitions worked out with mechanical skill, yet Dante's soul is not back of the fires and swords of light. It gives to the uninitiated an outline of the stage paraphernalia of the Inferno. It has an encyclopædic value. If Dante himself had been the high director in the plenitude of his resources, it might still have had that hollowness. A list of words making a poem and a set of apparently equivalent pictures forming a photoplay may have an entirely different outcome. It may be like trying to see a perfume or listen to a taste. Religion that comes in wholly through the eye has a new world in the films, whose relation to the old is only discovered by experiment and intuition, patience and devotion. But let us imagine the grandson of an Italian immigrant to America, a young seer, trained in the photoplay technique by the high American masters, knowing all the moving picture resources as Dante knew Italian song and mediæval learning. Assume that he has a genius akin to that of the Florentine. Let him be a Modernist Catholic if you will. Let him begin his message in the timber lands of Minnesota or the forests of Alaska. "In midway of this our mortal life I found me in a gloomy wood astray." Then let him paint new pictures of just punishment beyond the grave, and merciful rehabilitation and great reward. Let his Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise be built of those things which are deepest and highest in the modern mind, yet capable of emerging in picture-writing form. Men are needed, therefore they will come. And lest they come weeping, accursed, and alone, let us ask, how shall we recognize them? There is no standard by which to discern the true from the false prophet, except the mood that is engendered by contemplating the messengers of the past. Every man has his own roll call of noble magicians selected from the larger group. But here are the names with which this chapter began, with some words on their work. Albert Dürer is classed as a Renaissance painter. Yet his art has its dwelling-place in the early Romanesque savageness and strangeness. And the reader remembers Dürer's brooding muse called Melancholia that so obsessed Kipling in The Light that Failed. But the wonder-quality went into nearly all the Dürer wood-cuts and etchings. Rembrandt is a prophet-wizard, not only in his shadowy portraits, but in his etchings of holy scenes even his simplest cobweb lines become incantations. Other artists in the high tides of history have had kindred qualities, but coming close to our day, Elihu Vedder, the American, the illustrator of the Rubáiyát, found it a poem questioning all things, and his very illustrations answer in a certain fashion with winds of infinity, and bring the songs of Omar near to the Book of Job. Vedder's portraits of Lazarus and Samson are conceptions that touch the hem of the unknown. George Frederick Watts was a painter of portraits of the soul itself, as in his delineations of Burne-Jones and Morris and Tennyson. It is a curious thing that two prophet-wizards have combined pictures and song. Blake and Rossetti, whatever the failure of their technique, never lacked in enchantment. Students of the motion picture side of poetry would naturally turn to such men for spiritual precedents. Blake, that strange Londoner, in his book of Job, is the paramount example of the enchanter doing his work with the engraving tool in his hand. Rossetti's Dante's Dream is a painting on the edge of every poet's paradise. As for the poetry of these two men, there are Blake's Songs of Innocence, and Rossetti's Blessed Damozel and his Burden of Nineveh. As for the other poets, we have Coleridge, the author of Christabel, that piece of winter witchcraft, Kubla Khan, that oriental dazzlement, and the Ancient Mariner, that most English of all this list of enchantments. Of Tennyson's work, besides Merlin and the Gleam, there are the poems when the mantle was surely on his shoulders: The Lady of Shalott, The Lotus Eaters, Sir Galahad, and St. Agnes' Eve. Edgar Poe, always a magician, blends this power with the prophetical note in the poem, The Haunted Palace, and in the stories of William Wilson, The Black Cat and The Tell-tale Heart. This prophet-wizard side of a man otherwise a wizard only, has been well illustrated in The Avenging Conscience photoplay. From Maeterlinck we have The Bluebird and many another dream. I devoutly hope I will never see in the films an attempt to paraphrase this master. But some disciple of his should conquer the photoplay medium, giving us great original works. Yeats has bestowed upon us The Land of Heart's Desire, The Secret Rose, and many another piece of imaginative glory. Let us hope that we may be spared any attempts to hastily paraphrase his wonders for the motion pictures. But the man that reads Yeats will be better prepared to do his own work in the films, or to greet the young new masters when they come. Finally, Francis Thompson, in The Hound of Heaven, has written a song that the young wizard may lean upon forevermore for private guidance. It is composed of equal parts of wonder and conscience. With this poem in his heart, the roar of the elevated railroad will be no more in his ears, and he will dream of palaces of righteousness, and lead other men to dream of them till the houses of mammon fade away. Without airing my private theology I earnestly request the most sceptical reader of this book to assume that miracles in a Biblical sense have occurred. Let him take it for granted in the fashion of the strictly æsthetic commentator who writes in sympathy with a Fra Angelico painting, or as that great modernist, Paul Sabatier, does as he approaches the problems of faith in the life of St. Francis. Let him also assume, for the length of time that he is reading this chapter if no longer, that miracles, in a Biblical sense, as vivid and as real to the body of the Church, will again occur two thousand years in the future: events as wonderful as those others, twenty centuries back. Let us anticipate that many of these will be upon American soil. Particularly as sons and daughters of a new country it is a spiritual necessity for us to look forward to traditions, because we have so few from the past identified with the six feet of black earth beneath us. The functions of the prophet whereby he definitely painted future sublimities have been too soon abolished in the minds of the wise. Mere forecasting is left to the weather bureau so far as a great section of the purely literary and cultured are concerned. The term prophet has survived in literature to be applied to men like Carlyle: fiery spiritual leaders who speak with little pretence of revealing to-morrow. But in the street, definite forecasting of future events is still the vulgar use of the term. Dozens of sober historians predicted the present war with a clean-cut story that was carried out with much faithfulness of detail, considering the thousand interests involved. They have been called prophets in a congratulatory secular tone by the man in the street. These felicitations come because well-authorized merchants in futures have been put out of countenance from the days of Jonah and Balaam till now. It is indeed a risky vocation. Yet there is an undeniable line of successful forecasting by the hardy, to be found in the Scripture and in history. In direct proportion as these men of fiery speech were free from sheer silliness, their outlook has been considered and debated by the gravest people round them. The heart of man craves the seer. Take, for instance, the promise of the restoration of Jerusalem in glory that fills the latter part of the Old Testament. It moves the Jewish Zionist, the true race-Jew, to this hour. He is even now endeavoring to fulfil the prophecy. Consider the words of John the Baptist, "One mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire." A magnificent foreshadowing, being both a spiritual insight and the statement of a great definite event. The heeded seers of the civilization of this our day have been secular in their outlook. Perhaps the most striking was Karl Marx, in the middle of the capitalistic system tracing its development from feudalism and pointing out as inevitable, long before they came, such modern institutions as the Steel Trust and the Standard Oil Company. It remains to be seen whether the Marxian prophecy of the international alliance of workingmen that is obscured by the present conflict in Europe, and other of his forecastings, will be ultimately verified. There have been secular teachers like Darwin, who, by a scientific reconstruction of the past, have implied an evolutionary future based on the biological outlook. Deductions from the teachings of Darwin are said to control those who mould the international doings of Germany and Japan. There have been inventor-seers like Jules Verne. In Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea he dimly discerned the submarine. There is a type of social prophet allied to Verne. Edward Bellamy, in Looking Backward, reduced the world to a matter of pressing the button, turning on the phonograph. It was a combination of glorified department-store and Coney Island, on a cooperative basis. A seventeen-year-old boy from the country, making his first visit to the Woolworth building in New York, and riding in the subway when it is not too crowded, might be persuaded by an eloquent city relative that this is Bellamy's New Jerusalem. A soul with a greater insight is H.G. Wells. But he too, in spite of his humanitarian heart, has, in a great mass of his work, the laboratory imagination. Serious Americans pronounce themselves beneficiaries of Wells' works, and I confess myself edified and thoroughly grateful. Nevertheless, one smells chemicals in the next room when he reads most of Wells' prophecies. The X-ray has moved that Englishman's mind more dangerously than moonlight touches the brain of the chanting witch. One striking and typical story is The Food of the Gods. It is not only a fine speculation, but a great parable. The reader may prefer other tales. Many times Wells has gone into his laboratory to invent our future, in the same state of mind in which an automobile manufacturer works out an improvement in his car. His disposition has greatly mellowed of late, in this respect, but underneath he is the same Wells. Citizens of America, wise or foolish, when they look into the coming days, have the submarine mood of Verne, the press-the-button complacency of Bellamy, the wireless telegraph enthusiasm of Wells. If they express hopes that can be put into pictures with definite edges, they order machinery piled to the skies. They see the redeemed United States running deftly in its jewelled sockets, ticking like a watch. This, their own chosen outlook, wearies the imaginations of our people, they do not know why. It gives no full-orbed apocalyptic joy. Only to the young mechanical engineer does such a hope express real Utopia. He can always keep ahead of the devices that herald its approach. No matter what day we attain and how busy we are adjusting ourselves, he can be moving on, inventing more to-morrows; ruling the age, not being ruled by it. Because this Utopia is in the air, a goodly portion of the precocious boys turn to mechanical engineering. Youths with this bent are the most healthful and inspiring young citizens we have. They and their like will fulfil a multitude of the hopes of men like Verne, Bellamy, and Wells. But if every mechanical inventor on earth voiced his dearest wish and lived to see it worked out, the real drama of prophecy and fulfilment, as written in the imagination of the human race, would remain uncompleted. As Mrs. Browning says in Lady Geraldine's Courtship: If we trod the deeps of ocean, if we struck the stars in rising, If we wrapped the globe intensely with one hot electric breath, 'Twere but power within our tether, no new spirit-power comprising, And in life we were not greater men, nor bolder men in death. St. John beheld the New Jerusalem coming down out of Heaven prepared as a bride adorned for her husband, not equipped as a touring car varnished for its owner. It is my hope that the moving picture prophet-wizards will set before the world a new group of pictures of the future. The chapter on The Architect as a Crusader endeavors to show how, by proclaiming that America will become a permanent World's Fair, she can be made so within the lives of men now living, if courageous architects have the campaign in hand. There are other hopes that look a long way further. They peer as far into the coming day as the Chinese historian looks into the past. And then they are but halfway to the millennium. Any standard illustrator could give us Verne or Bellamy or Wells if he did his best. _But we want pictures beyond the skill of any delineator in the old mediums, yet within the power of the wizard photoplay producer_. Oh you who are coming to-morrow, show us everyday America as it will be when we are only halfway to the millennium yet thousands of years in the future! Tell what type of honors men will covet, what property they will still be apt to steal, what murders they will commit, what the law court and the jail will be or what will be the substitutes, how the newspaper will appear, the office, the busy street. Picture to America the lovers in her half-millennium, when usage shall have become iron-handed once again, when noble sweethearts must break beautiful customs for the sake of their dreams. Show us the gantlet of strange courtliness they must pass through before they reach one another, obstacles brought about by the immemorial distinctions of scholarship gowns or service badges. Make a picture of a world where machinery is so highly developed it utterly disappeared long ago. Show us the antique United States, with ivy vines upon the popular socialist churches, and weather-beaten images of socialist saints in the niches of the doors. Show us the battered fountains, the brooding universities, the dusty libraries. Show us houses of administration with statues of heroes in front of them and gentle banners flowing from their pinnacles. Then paint pictures of the oldest trees of the time, and tree-revering ceremonies, with unique costumes and a special priesthood. Show us the marriage procession, the christening, the consecration of the boy and girl to the state. Show us the political processions and election riots. Show us the people with their graceful games, their religious pantomimes. Show us impartially the memorial scenes to celebrate the great men and women, and the funerals of the poor. And then moving on toward the millennium itself, show America after her victories have been won, and she has grown old, as old as the Sphinx. Then give us the Dragon and Armageddon and the Lake of Fire. Author-producer-photographer, who would prophesy, read the last book in the Bible, not to copy it in form and color, but that its power and grace and terror may enter into you. Delineate in your own way, as you are led on your own Patmos, the picture of our land redeemed. After fasting and prayer, let the Spirit conduct you till you see in definite line and form the throngs of the brotherhood of man, the colonnades where the arts are expounded, the gardens where the children dance. That which man desires, that will man become. He largely fulfils his own prediction and vision. Let him therefore have a care how he prophesies and prays. We shall have a tin heaven and a tin earth, if the scientists are allowed exclusive command of our highest hours. Let us turn to Luke iv. 17. "And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book he found the place where it was written: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. "And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him. And he began to say unto them: 'This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears.' "And all bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth. And they said: 'Is not this Joseph's son?'" I am moved to think Christ fulfilled that prophecy because he had read it from childhood. It is my entirely personal speculation, not brought forth dogmatically, that Scripture is not so much inspired as it is curiously and miraculously inspiring. If the New Isaiahs of this time will write their forecastings in photoplay hieroglyphics, the children in times to come, having seen those films from infancy, or their later paraphrases in more perfect form, can rise and say, "This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears." But without prophecy there is no fulfilment, without Isaiah there is no Christ. America is often shallow in her dreams because she has no past in the European and Asiatic sense. Our soil has no Roman coin or buried altar or Buddhist tope. For this reason multitudes of American artists have moved to Europe, and only the most universal of wars has driven them home. Year after year Europe drained us of our beauty-lovers, our highest painters and sculptors and the like. They have come pouring home, confused expatriates, trying to adjust themselves. It is time for the American craftsman and artist to grasp the fact that we must be men enough to construct a to-morrow that grows rich in forecastings in the same way that the past of Europe grows rich in sweet or terrible legends as men go back into it.

"Be patient, for the world is broad and wide." Section 1. Of the Nature of Flatland I call our world Flatland, not because we call it so, but to make its nature clearer to you, my happy readers, who are privileged to live in Space. Imagine a vast sheet of paper on which straight Lines, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, and other figures, instead of remaining fixed in their places, move freely about, on or in the surface, but without the power of rising above or sinking below it, very much like shadows--only hard and with luminous edges--and you will then have a pretty correct notion of my country and countrymen. Alas, a few years ago, I should have said "my universe": but now my mind has been opened to higher views of things. In such a country, you will perceive at once that it is impossible that there should be anything of what you call a "solid" kind; but I dare say you will suppose that we could at least distinguish by sight the Triangles, Squares, and other figures, moving about as I have described them. On the contrary, we could see nothing of the kind, not at least so as to distinguish one figure from another. Nothing was visible, nor could be visible, to us, except Straight Lines; and the necessity of this I will speedily demonstrate. Place a penny on the middle of one of your tables in Space; and leaning over it, look down upon it. It will appear a circle. But now, drawing back to the edge of the table, gradually lower your eye thus bringing yourself more and more into the condition of the inhabitants of Flatland, and you will find the penny becoming more and more oval to your view, and at last when you have placed your eye exactly on the edge of the table so that you are, as it were, actually a Flatlander the penny will then have ceased to appear oval at all, and will have become, so far as you can see, a straight line. The same thing would happen if you were to treat in the same way a Triangle, or Square, or any other figure cut out of pasteboard. As soon as you look at it with your eye on the edge on the table, you will find that it ceases to appear to you a figure, and that it becomes in appearance a straight line. Take for example an equilateral Triangle--who represents with us a Tradesman of the respectable class. Fig. 1 represents the Tradesman as you would see him while you were bending over him from above; figs. 2 and 3 represent the Tradesman, as you would see him if your eye were close to the level, or all but on the level of the table; and if your eye were quite on the level of the table and that is how we see him in Flatland you would see nothing but a straight line. When I was in Spaceland I heard that your sailors have very similar experiences while they traverse your seas and discern some distant island or coast lying on the horizon. The far-off land may have bays, forelands, angles in and out to any number and extent; yet at a distance you see none of these unless indeed your sun shines bright upon them revealing the projections and retirements by means of light and shade, nothing but a grey unbroken line upon the water. Well, that is just what we see when one of our triangular or other acquaintances comes toward us in Flatland. As there is neither sun with us, nor any light of such a kind as to make shadows, we have none of the helps to the sight that you have in Spaceland. If our friend comes closer to us we see his line becomes larger; if he leaves us it becomes smaller: but still he looks like a straight line; be he a Triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Circle, what you will--a straight Line he looks and nothing else. You may perhaps ask how under these disadvantageous circumstances we are able to distinguish our friends from one another: but the answer to this very natural question will be more fitly and easily given when I come to describe the inhabitants of Flatland. For the present let me defer this subject, and say a word or two about the climate and houses in our country. Section 2. Of the Climate and Houses in Flatland As with you, so also with us, there are four points of the compass North, South, East, and West. There being no sun nor other heavenly bodies, it is impossible for us to determine the North in the usual way; but we have a method of our own. By a Law of Nature with us, there is a constant attraction to the South; and, although in temperate climates this is very slight--so that even a Woman in reasonable health can journey several furlongs northward without much difficulty--yet the hampering effect of the southward attraction is quite sufficient to serve as a compass in most parts of our earth. Moreover, the rain which falls at stated intervals coming always from the North, is an additional assistance; and in the towns we have the guidance of the houses, which of course have their side-walls running for the most part North and South, so that the roofs may keep off the rain from the North. In the country, where there are no houses, the trunks of the trees serve as some sort of guide. Altogether, we have not so much difficulty as might be expected in determining our bearings. Yet in our more temperate regions, in which the southward attraction is hardly felt, walking sometimes in a perfectly desolate plain where there have been no houses nor trees to guide me, I have been occasionally compelled to remain stationary for hours together, waiting till the rain came before continuing my journey. On the weak and aged, and especially on delicate Females, the force of attraction tells much more heavily than on the robust of the Male Sex, so that it is a point of breeding, if you meet a Lady in the street, always to give her the North side of the way--by no means an easy thing to do always at short notice when you are in rude health and in a climate where it is difficult to tell your North from your South. Windows there are none in our houses: for the light comes to us alike in our homes and out of them, by day and by night, equally at all times and in all places, whence we know not. It was in old days, with our learned men, an interesting and oft-investigated question, "What is the origin of light?" and the solution of it has been repeatedly attempted, with no other result than to crowd our lunatic asylums with the would-be solvers. Hence, after fruitless attempts to suppress such investigations indirectly by making them liable to a heavy tax, the Legislature, in comparatively recent times, absolutely prohibited them. I--alas, I alone in Flatland--know now only too well the true solution of this mysterious problem; but my knowledge cannot be made intelligible to a single one of my countrymen; and I am mocked at--I, the sole possessor of the truths of Space and of the theory of the introduction of Light from the world of three Dimensions--as if I were the maddest of the mad! But a truce to these painful digressions: let me return to our houses. The most common form for the construction of a house is five-sided or pentagonal, as in the annexed figure. The two Northern sides RO, OF, constitute the roof, and for the most part have no doors; on the East is a small door for the Women; on the West a much larger one for the Men; the South side or floor is usually doorless. Square and triangular houses are not allowed, and for this reason. The angles of a Square and still more those of an equilateral Triangle, being much more pointed than those of a Pentagon, and the lines of inanimate objects such as houses being dimmer than the lines of Men and Women, it follows that there is no little danger lest the points of a square or triangular house residence might do serious injury to an inconsiderate or perhaps absent-minded traveller suddenly therefore, running against them: and as early as the eleventh century of our era, triangular houses were universally forbidden by Law, the only exceptions being fortifications, powder-magazines, barracks, and other state buildings, which it is not desirable that the general public should approach without circumspection. At this period, square houses were still everywhere permitted, though discouraged by a special tax. But, about three centuries afterwards, the Law decided that in all towns containing a population above ten thousand, the angle of a Pentagon was the smallest house-angle that could be allowed consistently with the public safety. The good sense of the community has seconded the efforts of the Legislature; and now, even in the country, the pentagonal construction has superseded every other. It is only now and then in some very remote and backward agricultural district that an antiquarian may still discover a square house. Section 3. Concerning the Inhabitants of Flatland The greatest length or breadth of a full grown inhabitant of Flatland may be estimated at about eleven of your inches. Twelve inches may be regarded as a maximum. Our Women are Straight Lines. Our Soldiers and Lowest Classes of Workmen are Triangles with two equal sides, each about eleven inches long, and a base or third side so short often not exceeding half an inch that they form at their vertices a very sharp and formidable angle. Indeed when their bases are of the most degraded type not more than the eighth part of an inch in size, they can hardly be distinguished from Straight Lines or Women; so extremely pointed are their vertices. With us, as with you, these Triangles are distinguished from others by being called Isosceles; and by this name I shall refer to them in the following pages. Our Middle Class consists of Equilateral or Equal-Sided Triangles. Our Professional Men and Gentlemen are Squares to which class I myself belong and Five-Sided Figures or Pentagons. Next above these come the Nobility, of whom there are several degrees, beginning at Six-Sided Figures, or Hexagons, and from thence rising in the number of their sides till they receive the honourable title of Polygonal, or many-sided. Finally when the number of the sides becomes so numerous, and the sides themselves so small, that the figure cannot be distinguished from a circle, he is included in the Circular or Priestly order; and this is the highest class of all. It is a Law of Nature with us that a male child shall have one more side than his father, so that each generation shall rise as a rule one step in the scale of development and nobility. Thus the son of a Square is a Pentagon; the son of a Pentagon, a Hexagon; and so on. But this rule applies not always to the Tradesmen, and still less often to the Soldiers, and to the Workmen; who indeed can hardly be said to deserve the name of human Figures, since they have not all their sides equal. With them therefore the Law of Nature does not hold; and the son of an Isosceles i.e. a Triangle with two sides equal remains Isosceles still. Nevertheless, all hope is not shut out, even from the Isosceles, that his posterity may ultimately rise above his degraded condition. For, after a long series of military successes, or diligent and skilful labours, it is generally found that the more intelligent among the Artisan and Soldier classes manifest a slight increase of their third side or base, and a shrinkage of the two other sides. Intermarriages arranged by the Priests between the sons and daughters of these more intellectual members of the lower classes generally result in an offspring approximating still more to the type of the Equal-Sided Triangle. Rarely--in proportion to the vast numbers of Isosceles births--is a genuine and certifiable Equal-Sided Triangle produced from Isosceles parents. [Note: "What need of a certificate?" a Spaceland critic may ask: "Is not the procreation of a Square Son a certificate from Nature herself, proving the Equal-sidedness of the Father?" I reply that no Lady of any position will marry an uncertified Triangle. Square offspring has sometimes resulted from a slightly Irregular Triangle; but in almost every such case the Irregularity of the first generation is visited on the third; which either fails to attain the Pentagonal rank, or relapses to the Triangular.] Such a birth requires, as its antecedents, not only a series of carefully arranged intermarriages, but also a long, continued exercise of frugality and self-control on the part of the would-be ancestors of the coming Equilateral, and a patient, systematic, and continuous development of the Isosceles intellect through many generations. The birth of a True Equilateral Triangle from Isosceles parents is the subject of rejoicing in our country for many furlongs around. After a strict examination conducted by the Sanitary and Social Board, the infant, if certified as Regular, is with solemn ceremonial admitted into the class of Equilaterals. He is then immediately taken from his proud yet sorrowing parents and adopted by some childless Equilateral, who is bound by oath never to permit the child henceforth to enter his former home or so much as to look upon his relations again, for fear lest the freshly developed organism may, by force of unconscious imitation, fall back again into his hereditary level. The occasional emergence of an Equilateral from the ranks of his serf-born ancestors is welcomed, not only by the poor serfs themselves, as a gleam of light and hope shed upon the monotonous squalor of their existence, but also by the Aristocracy at large; for all the higher classes are well aware that these rare phenomena, while they do little or nothing to vulgarize their own privileges, serve as a most useful barrier against revolution from below. Had the acute-angled rabble been all, without exception, absolutely destitute of hope and of ambition, they might have found leaders in some of their many seditious outbreaks, so able as to render their superior numbers and strength too much even for the wisdom of the Circles. But a wise ordinance of Nature has decreed that, in proportion as the working-classes increase in intelligence, knowledge, and all virtue, in that same proportion their acute angle which makes them physically terrible shall increase also and approximate to the comparatively harmless angle of the Equilateral Triangle. Thus, in the most brutal and formidable of the soldier class--creatures almost on a level with women in their lack of intelligence--it is found that, as they wax in the mental ability necessary to employ their tremendous penetrating power to advantage, so do they wane in the power of penetration itself. How admirable is this Law of Compensation! And how perfect a proof of the natural fitness and, I may almost say, the divine origin of the aristocratic constitution of the States in Flatland! By a judicious use of this Law of Nature, the Polygons and Circles are almost always able to stifle sedition in its very cradle, taking advantage of the irrepressible and boundless hopefulness of the human mind. Art also comes to the aid of Law and Order. It is generally found possible--by a little artificial compression or expansion on the part of the State physicians--to make some of the more intelligent leaders of a rebellion perfectly Regular, and to admit them at once into the privileged classes; a much larger number, who are still below the standard, allured by the prospect of being ultimately ennobled, are induced to enter the State Hospitals, where they are kept in honourable confinement for life; one or two alone of the more obstinate, foolish, and hopelessly irregular are led to execution. Then the wretched rabble of the Isosceles, planless and leaderless, are either transfixed without resistance by the small body of their brethren whom the Chief Circle keeps in pay for emergencies of this kind; or else more often, by means of jealousies and suspicions skilfully fomented among them by the Circular party, they are stirred to mutual warfare, and perish by one another's angles. No less than one hundred and twenty rebellions are recorded in our annals, besides minor outbreaks numbered at two hundred and thirty-five; and they have all ended thus. Section 4. Concerning the Women If our highly pointed Triangles of the Soldier class are formidable, it may be readily inferred that far more formidable are our Women. For if a Soldier is a wedge, a Woman is a needle; being, so to speak, ALL point, at least at the two extremities. Add to this the power of making herself practically invisible at will, and you will perceive that a Female, in Flatland, is a creature by no means to be trifled with. But here, perhaps, some of my younger Readers may ask HOW a woman in Flatland can make herself invisible. This ought, I think, to be apparent without any explanation. However, a few words will make it clear to the most unreflecting. Place a needle on a table. Then, with your eye on the level of the table, look at it side-ways, and you see the whole length of it; but look at it end-ways, and you see nothing but a point, it has become practically invisible. Just so is it with one of our Women. When her side is turned towards us, we see her as a straight line; when the end containing her eye or mouth--for with us these two organs are identical--is the part that meets our eye, then we see nothing but a highly lustrous point; but when the back is presented to our view, then--being only sub-lustrous, and, indeed, almost as dim as an inanimate object--her hinder extremity serves her as a kind of Invisible Cap. The dangers to which we are exposed from our Women must now be manifest to the meanest capacity in Spaceland. If even the angle of a respectable Triangle in the middle class is not without its dangers; if to run against a Working Man involves a gash; if collision with an officer of the military class necessitates a serious wound; if a mere touch from the vertex of a Private Soldier brings with it danger of death;--what can it be to run against a Woman, except absolute and immediate destruction? And when a Woman is invisible, or visible only as a dim sub-lustrous point, how difficult must it be, even for the most cautious, always to avoid collision! Many are the enactments made at different times in the different States of Flatland, in order to minimize this peril; and in the Southern and less temperate climates where the force of gravitation is greater, and human beings more liable to casual and involuntary motions, the Laws concerning Women are naturally much more stringent. But a general view of the Code may be obtained from the following summary:-- 1. Every house shall have one entrance in the Eastern side, for the use of Females only; by which all females shall enter "in a becoming and respectful manner" and not by the Men's or Western door. [Note: When I was in Spaceland I understood that some of your Priestly circles have in the same way a separate entrance for Villagers, Farmers and Teachers of Board Schools `Spectator', Sept. 1884, p. 1255 that they may "approach in a becoming and respectful manner."] 2. No Female shall walk in any public place without continually keeping up her Peace-cry, under penalty of death. 3. Any Female, duly certified to be suffering from St. Vitus's Dance, fits, chronic cold accompanied by violent sneezing, or any disease necessitating involuntary motions, shall be instantly destroyed. In some of the States there is an additional Law forbidding Females, under penalty of death, from walking or standing in any public place without moving their backs constantly from right to left so as to indicate their presence to those behind them; others oblige a Woman, when travelling, to be followed by one of her sons, or servants, or by her husband; others confine Women altogether to their houses except during the religious festivals. But it has been found by the wisest of our Circles or Statesmen that the multiplication of restrictions on Females tends not only to the debilitation and diminution of the race, but also to the increase of domestic murders to such an extent that a State loses more than it gains by a too prohibitive Code. For whenever the temper of the Women is thus exasperated by confinement at home or hampering regulations abroad, they are apt to vent their spleen upon their husbands and children; and in the less temperate climates the whole male population of a village has been sometimes destroyed in one or two hours of simultaneous female outbreak. Hence the Three Laws, mentioned above, suffice for the better regulated States, and may be accepted as a rough exemplification of our Female Code. After all, our principal safeguard is found, not in Legislature, but in the interests of the Women themselves. For, although they can inflict instantaneous death by a retrograde movement, yet unless they can at once disengage their stinging extremity from the struggling body of their victim, their own frail bodies are liable to be shattered. The power of Fashion is also on our side. I pointed out that in some less civilized States no female is suffered to stand in any public place without swaying her back from right to left. This practice has been universal among ladies of any pretensions to breeding in all well-governed States, as far back as the memory of Figures can reach. It is considered a disgrace to any State that legislation should have to enforce what ought to be, and is in every respectable female, a natural instinct. The rhythmical and, if I may so say, well-modulated undulation of the back in our ladies of Circular rank is envied and imitated by the wife of a common Equilateral, who can achieve nothing beyond a mere monotonous swing, like the ticking of a pendulum; and the regular tick of the Equilateral is no less admired and copied by the wife of the progressive and aspiring Isosceles, in the females of whose family no "back-motion" of any kind has become as yet a necessity of life. Hence, in every family of position and consideration, "back motion" is as prevalent as time itself; and the husbands and sons in these households enjoy immunity at least from invisible attacks. Not that it must be for a moment supposed that our Women are destitute of affection. But unfortunately the passion of the moment predominates, in the Frail Sex, over every other consideration. This is, of course, a necessity arising from their unfortunate conformation. For as they have no pretensions to an angle, being inferior in this respect to the very lowest of the Isosceles, they are consequently wholly devoid of brain-power, and have neither reflection, judgment nor forethought, and hardly any memory. Hence, in their fits of fury, they remember no claims and recognize no distinctions. I have actually known a case where a Woman has exterminated her whole household, and half an hour afterwards, when her rage was over and the fragments swept away, has asked what has become of her husband and her children. Obviously then a Woman is not to be irritated as long as she is in a position where she can turn round. When you have them in their apartments--which are constructed with a view to denying them that power--you can say and do what you like; for they are then wholly impotent for mischief, and will not remember a few minutes hence the incident for which they may be at this moment threatening you with death, nor the promises which you may have found it necessary to make in order to pacify their fury. On the whole we get on pretty smoothly in our domestic relations, except in the lower strata of the Military Classes. There the want of tact and discretion on the part of the husbands produces at times indescribable disasters. Relying too much on the offensive weapons of their acute angles instead of the defensive organs of good sense and seasonable simulation, these reckless creatures too often neglect the prescribed construction of the women's apartments, or irritate their wives by ill-advised expressions out of doors, which they refuse immediately to retract. Moreover a blunt and stolid regard for literal truth indisposes them to make those lavish promises by which the more judicious Circle can in a moment pacify his consort. The result is massacre; not, however, without its advantages, as it eliminates the more brutal and troublesome of the Isosceles; and by many of our Circles the destructiveness of the Thinner Sex is regarded as one among many providential arrangements for suppressing redundant population, and nipping Revolution in the bud. Yet even in our best regulated and most approximately Circular families I cannot say that the ideal of family life is so high as with you in Spaceland. There is peace, in so far as the absence of slaughter may be called by that name, but there is necessarily little harmony of tastes or pursuits; and the cautious wisdom of the Circles has ensured safety at the cost of domestic comfort. In every Circular or Polygonal household it has been a habit from time immemorial--and now has become a kind of instinct among the women of our higher classes--that the mothers and daughters should constantly keep their eyes and mouths towards their husband and his male friends; and for a lady in a family of distinction to turn her back upon her husband would be regarded as a kind of portent, involving loss of STATUS. But, as I shall soon shew, this custom, though it has the advantage of safety, is not without its disadvantages. In the house of the Working Man or respectable Tradesman--where the wife is allowed to turn her back upon her husband, while pursuing her household avocations--there are at least intervals of quiet, when the wife is neither seen nor heard, except for the humming sound of the continuous Peace-cry; but in the homes of the upper classes there is too often no peace. There the voluble mouth and bright penetrating eye are ever directed towards the Master of the household; and light itself is not more persistent than the stream of feminine discourse. The tact and skill which suffice to avert a Woman's sting are unequal to the task of stopping a Woman's mouth; and as the wife has absolutely nothing to say, and absolutely no constraint of wit, sense, or conscience to prevent her from saying it, not a few cynics have been found to aver that they prefer the danger of the death-dealing but inaudible sting to the safe sonorousness of a Woman's other end. To my readers in Spaceland the condition of our Women may seem truly deplorable, and so indeed it is. A Male of the lowest type of the Isosceles may look forward to some improvement of his angle, and to the ultimate elevation of the whole of his degraded caste; but no Woman can entertain such hopes for her sex. "Once a Woman, always a Woman" is a Decree of Nature; and the very Laws of Evolution seem suspended in her disfavour. Yet at least we can admire the wise Prearrangement which has ordained that, as they have no hopes, so they shall have no memory to recall, and no forethought to anticipate, the miseries and humiliations which are at once a necessity of their existence and the basis of the constitution of Flatland. Section 5. Of our Methods of Recognizing one another You, who are blessed with shade as well as light, you, who are gifted with two eyes, endowed with a knowledge of perspective, and charmed with the enjoyment of various colours, you, who can actually SEE an angle, and contemplate the complete circumference of a circle in the happy region of the Three Dimensions--how shall I make clear to you the extreme difficulty which we in Flatland experience in recognizing one another's configuration? Recall what I told you above. All beings in Flatland, animate or inanimate, no matter what their form, present TO OUR VIEW the same, or nearly the same, appearance, viz. that of a straight Line. How then can one be distinguished from another, where all appear the same? The answer is threefold. The first means of recognition is the sense of hearing; which with us is far more highly developed than with you, and which enables us not only to distinguish by the voice our personal friends, but even to discriminate between different classes, at least so far as concerns the three lowest orders, the Equilateral, the Square, and the Pentagon--for of the Isosceles I take no account. But as we ascend in the social scale, the process of discriminating and being discriminated by hearing increases in difficulty, partly because voices are assimilated, partly because the faculty of voice-discrimination is a plebeian virtue not much developed among the Aristocracy. And wherever there is any danger of imposture we cannot trust to this method. Amongst our lowest orders, the vocal organs are developed to a degree more than correspondent with those of hearing, so that an Isosceles can easily feign the voice of a Polygon, and, with some training, that of a Circle himself. A second method is therefore more commonly resorted to. FEELING is, among our Women and lower classes--about our upper classes I shall speak presently--the principal test of recognition, at all events between strangers, and when the question is, not as to the individual, but as to the class. What therefore "introduction" is among the higher classes in Spaceland, that the process of "feeling" is with us. "Permit me to ask you to feel and be felt by my friend Mr. So-and-so"--is still, among the more old-fashioned of our country gentlemen in districts remote from towns, the customary formula for a Flatland introduction. But in the towns, and among men of business, the words "be felt by" are omitted and the sentence is abbreviated to, "Let me ask you to feel Mr. So-and-so"; although it is assumed, of course, that the "feeling" is to be reciprocal. Among our still more modern and dashing young gentlemen--who are extremely averse to superfluous effort and supremely indifferent to the purity of their native language--the formula is still further curtailed by the use of "to feel" in a technical sense, meaning, "to recommend-for-the-purposes-of-feeling-and-being-felt"; and at this moment the "slang" of polite or fast society in the upper classes sanctions such a barbarism as "Mr. Smith, permit me to feel Mr. Jones." Let not my Reader however suppose that "feeling" is with us the tedious process that it would be with you, or that we find it necessary to feel right round all the sides of every individual before we determine the class to which he belongs. Long practice and training, begun in the schools and continued in the experience of daily life, enable us to discriminate at once by the sense of touch, between the angles of an equal-sided Triangle, Square, and Pentagon; and I need not say that the brainless vertex of an acute-angled Isosceles is obvious to the dullest touch. It is therefore not necessary, as a rule, to do more than feel a single angle of an individual; and this, once ascertained, tells us the class of the person whom we are addressing, unless indeed he belongs to the higher sections of the nobility. There the difficulty is much greater. Even a Master of Arts in our University of Wentbridge has been known to confuse a ten-sided with a twelve-sided Polygon; and there is hardly a Doctor of Science in or out of that famous University who could pretend to decide promptly and unhesitatingly between a twenty-sided and a twenty-four sided member of the Aristocracy. Those of my readers who recall the extracts I gave above from the Legislative code concerning Women, will readily perceive that the process of introduction by contact requires some care and discretion. Otherwise the angles might inflict on the unwary Feeler irreparable injury. It is essential for the safety of the Feeler that the Felt should stand perfectly still. A start, a fidgety shifting of the position, yes, even a violent sneeze, has been known before now to prove fatal to the incautious, and to nip in the bud many a promising friendship. Especially is this true among the lower classes of the Triangles. With them, the eye is situated so far from their vertex that they can scarcely take cognizance of what goes on at that extremity of their frame. They are, moreover, of a rough coarse nature, not sensitive to the delicate touch of the highly organized Polygon. What wonder then if an involuntary toss of the head has ere now deprived the State of a valuable life! I have heard that my excellent Grandfather--one of the least irregular of his unhappy Isosceles class, who indeed obtained, shortly before his decease, four out of seven votes from the Sanitary and Social Board for passing him into the class of the Equal-sided--often deplored, with a tear in his venerable eye, a miscarriage of this kind, which had occured to his great-great-great-Grandfather, a respectable Working Man with an angle or brain of 59 degrees 30 minutes. According to his account, my unfortunate Ancestor, being afflicted with rheumatism, and in the act of being felt by a Polygon, by one sudden start accidentally transfixed the Great Man through the diagonal; and thereby, partly in consequence of his long imprisonment and degradation, and partly because of the moral shock which pervaded the whole of my Ancestor's relations, threw back our family a degree and a half in their ascent towards better things. The result was that in the next generation the family brain was registered at only 58 degrees, and not till the lapse of five generations was the lost ground recovered, the full 60 degrees attained, and the Ascent from the Isosceles finally achieved. And all this series of calamities from one little accident in the process of Feeling. At this point I think I hear some of my better educated readers exclaim, "How could you in Flatland know anything about angles and degrees, or minutes? We can SEE an angle, because we, in the region of Space, can see two straight lines inclined to one another; but you, who can see nothing but one straight line at a time, or at all events only a number of bits of straight lines all in one straight line--how can you ever discern any angle, and much less register angles of different sizes?" I answer that though we cannot SEE angles, we can INFER them, and this with great precision. Our sense of touch, stimulated by necessity, and developed by long training, enables us to distinguish angles far more accurately than your sense of sight, when unaided by a rule or measure of angles. Nor must I omit to explain that we have great natural helps. It is with us a Law of Nature that the brain of the Isosceles class shall begin at half a degree, or thirty minutes, and shall increase if it increases at all by half a degree in every generation; until the goal of 60 degrees is reached, when the condition of serfdom is quitted, and the freeman enters the class of Regulars. Consequently, Nature herself supplies us with an ascending scale or Alphabet of angles for half a degree up to 60 degrees, Specimens of which are placed in every Elementary School throughout the land. Owing to occasional retrogressions, to still more frequent moral and intellectual stagnation, and to the extraordinary fecundity of the Criminal and Vagabond Classes, there is always a vast superfluity of individuals of the half degree and single degree class, and a fair abundance of Specimens up to 10 degrees. These are absolutely destitute of civic rights; and a great number of them, not having even intelligence enough for the purposes of warfare, are devoted by the States to the service of education. Fettered immovably so as to remove all possibility of danger, they are placed in the class rooms of our Infant Schools, and there they are utilized by the Board of Education for the purpose of imparting to the offspring of the Middle Classes that tact and intelligence of which these wretched creatures themselves are utterly devoid. In some States the Specimens are occasionally fed and suffered to exist for several years; but in the more temperate and better regulated regions, it is found in the long run more advantageous for the educational interests of the young, to dispense with food, and to renew the Specimens every month--which is about the average duration of the foodless existence of the Criminal class. In the cheaper schools, what is gained by the longer existence of the Specimen is lost, partly in the expenditure for food, and partly in the diminished accuracy of the angles, which are impaired after a few weeks of constant "feeling". Nor must we forget to add, in enumerating the advantages of the more expensive system, that it tends, though slightly yet perceptibly, to the diminution of the redundant Isosceles population--an object which every statesman in Flatland constantly keeps in view. On the whole therefore--although I am not ignorant that, in many popularly elected School Boards, there is a reaction in favour of "the cheap system" as it is called--I am myself disposed to think that this is one of the many cases in which expense is the truest economy. But I must not allow questions of School Board politics to divert me from my subject. Enough has been said, I trust, to shew that Recognition by Feeling is not so tedious or indecisive a process as might have been supposed; and it is obviously more trustworthy than Recognition by hearing. Still there remains, as has been pointed out above, the objection that this method is not without danger. For this reason many in the Middle and Lower classes, and all without exception in the Polygonal and Circular orders, prefer a third method, the description of which shall be reserved for the next section. Section 6. Of Recognition by Sight I am about to appear very inconsistent. In previous sections I have said that all figures in Flatland present the appearance of a straight line; and it was added or implied, that it is consequently impossible to distinguish by the visual organ between individuals of different classes: yet now I am about to explain to my Spaceland critics how we are able to recognize one another by the sense of sight. If however the Reader will take the trouble to refer to the passage in which Recognition by Feeling is stated to be universal, he will find this qualification--"among the lower classes". It is only among the higher classes and in our temperate climates that Sight Recognition is practised. That this power exists in any regions and for any classes is the result of Fog; which prevails during the greater part of the year in all parts save the torrid zones. That which is with you in Spaceland an unmixed evil, blotting out the landscape, depressing the spirits, and enfeebling the health, is by us recognized as a blessing scarcely inferior to air itself, and as the Nurse of arts and Parent of sciences. But let me explain my meaning, without further eulogies on this beneficent Element. If Fog were non-existent, all lines would appear equally and indistinguishably clear; and this is actually the case in those unhappy countries in which the atmosphere is perfectly dry and transparent. But wherever there is a rich supply of Fog objects that are at a distance, say of three feet, are appreciably dimmer than those at a distance of two feet eleven inches; and the result is that by careful and constant experimental observation of comparative dimness and clearness, we are enabled to infer with great exactness the configuration of the object observed. An instance will do more than a volume of generalities to make my meaning clear. Suppose I see two individuals approaching whose rank I wish to ascertain. They are, we will suppose, a Merchant and a Physician, or in other words, an Equilateral Triangle and a Pentagon: how am I to distinguish them? It will be obvious, to every child in Spaceland who has touched the threshold of Geometrical Studies, that, if I can bring my eye so that its glance may bisect an angle A of the approaching stranger, my view will lie as it were evenly between his two sides that are next to me viz. CA and AB, so that I shall contemplate the two impartially, and both will appear of the same size. Now in the case of 1 the Merchant, what shall I see? I shall see a straight line DAE, in which the middle point A will be very bright because it is nearest to me; but on either side the line will shade away RAPIDLY INTO DIMNESS, because the sides AC and AB RECEDE RAPIDLY INTO THE FOG and what appear to me as the Merchant's extremities, viz. D and E, will be VERY DIM INDEED. On the other hand in the case of 2 the Physician, though I shall here also see a line D'A'E' with a bright centre A', yet it will shade away LESS RAPIDLY into dimness, because the sides A'C', A'B' RECEDE LESS RAPIDLY INTO THE FOG: and what appear to me the Physician's extremities, viz. D' and E', will not be NOT SO DIM as the extremities of the Merchant. The Reader will probably understand from these two instances how--after a very long training supplemented by constant experience--it is possible for the well-educated classes among us to discriminate with fair accuracy between the middle and lowest orders, by the sense of sight. If my Spaceland Patrons have grasped this general conception, so far as to conceive the possibility of it and not to reject my account as altogether incredible--I shall have attained all I can reasonably expect. Were I to attempt further details I should only perplex. Yet for the sake of the young and inexperienced, who may perchance infer--from the two simple instances I have given above, of the manner in which I should recognize my Father and my Sons--that Recognition by sight is an easy affair, it may be needful to point out that in actual life most of the problems of Sight Recognition are far more subtle and complex. If for example, when my Father, the Triangle, approaches me, he happens to present his side to me instead of his angle, then, until I have asked him to rotate, or until I have edged my eye round him, I am for the moment doubtful whether he may not be a Straight Line, or, in other words, a Woman. Again, when I am in the company of one of my two hexagonal Grandsons, contemplating one of his sides AB full front, it will be evident from the accompanying diagram that I shall see one whole line AB in comparative brightness shading off hardly at all at the ends and two smaller lines CA and BD dim throughout and shading away into greater dimness towards the extremities C and D. But I must not give way to the temptation of enlarging on these topics. The meanest mathematician in Spaceland will readily believe me when I assert that the problems of life, which present themselves to the well-educated--when they are themselves in motion, rotating, advancing or retreating, and at the same time attempting to discriminate by the sense of sight between a number of Polygons of high rank moving in different directions, as for example in a ball-room or conversazione--must be of a nature to task the angularity of the most intellectual, and amply justify the rich endowments of the Learned Professors of Geometry, both Static and Kinetic, in the illustrious University of Wentbridge, where the Science and Art of Sight Recognition are regularly taught to large classes of the ELITE of the States. It is only a few of the scions of our noblest and wealthiest houses, who are able to give the time and money necessary for the thorough prosecution of this noble and valuable Art. Even to me, a Mathematician of no mean standing, and the Grandfather of two most hopeful and perfectly regular Hexagons, to find myself in the midst of a crowd of rotating Polygons of the higher classes, is occasionally very perplexing. And of course to a common Tradesman, or Serf, such a sight is almost as unintelligible as it would be to you, my Reader, were you suddenly transported into our country. In such a crowd you could see on all sides of you nothing but a Line, apparently straight, but of which the parts would vary irregularly and perpetually in brightness or dimness. Even if you had completed your third year in the Pentagonal and Hexagonal classes in the University, and were perfect in the theory of the subject, you would still find that there was need of many years of experience, before you could move in a fashionable crowd without jostling against your betters, whom it is against etiquette to ask to "feel", and who, by their superior culture and breeding, know all about your movements, while you know very little or nothing about theirs. In a word, to comport oneself with perfect propriety in Polygonal society, one ought to be a Polygon oneself. Such at least is the painful teaching of my experience. It is astonishing how much the Art--or I may almost call it instinct--of Sight Recognition is developed by the habitual practice of it and by the avoidance of the custom of "Feeling". Just as, with you, the deaf and dumb, if once allowed to gesticulate and to use the hand-alphabet, will never acquire the more difficult but far more valuable art of lipspeech and lip-reading, so it is with us as regards "Seeing" and "Feeling". None who in early life resort to "Feeling" will ever learn "Seeing" in perfection. For this reason, among our Higher Classes, "Feeling" is discouraged or absolutely forbidden. From the cradle their children, instead of going to the Public Elementary schools where the art of Feeling is taught, are sent to higher Seminaries of an exclusive character; and at our illustrious University, to "feel" is regarded as a most serious fault, involving Rustication for the first offence, and Expulsion for the second. But among the lower classes the art of Sight Recognition is regarded as an unattainable luxury. A common Tradesman cannot afford to let his son spend a third of his life in abstract studies. The children of the poor are therefore allowed to "feel" from their earliest years, and they gain thereby a precocity and an early vivacity which contrast at first most favourably with the inert, undeveloped, and listless behaviour of the half-instructed youths of the Polygonal class; but when the latter have at last completed their University course, and are prepared to put their theory into practice, the change that comes over them may almost be described as a new birth, and in every art, science, and social pursuit they rapidly overtake and distance their Triangular competitors. Only a few of the Polygonal Class fail to pass the Final Test or Leaving Examination at the University. The condition of the unsuccessful minority is truly pitiable. Rejected from the higher class, they are also despised by the lower. They have neither the matured and systematically trained powers of the Polygonal Bachelors and Masters of Arts, nor yet the native precocity and mercurial versatility of the youthful Tradesman. The professions, the public services, are closed against them; and though in most States they are not actually debarred from marriage, yet they have the greatest difficulty in forming suitable alliances, as experience shews that the offspring of such unfortunate and ill-endowed parents is generally itself unfortunate, if not positively Irregular. It is from these specimens of the refuse of our Nobility that the great Tumults and Seditions of past ages have generally derived their leaders; and so great is the mischief thence arising that an increasing minority of our more progressive Statesmen are of opinion that true mercy would dictate their entire suppression, by enacting that all who fail to pass the Final Examination of the University should be either imprisoned for life, or extinguished by a painless death. But I find myself digressing into the subject of Irregularities, a matter of such vital interest that it demands a separate section. Section 7. Concerning Irregular Figures Throughout the previous pages I have been assuming--what perhaps should have been laid down at the beginning as a distinct and fundamental proposition--that every human being in Flatland is a Regular Figure, that is to say of regular construction. By this I mean that a Woman must not only be a line, but a straight line; that an Artisan or Soldier must have two of his sides equal; that Tradesmen must have three sides equal; Lawyers of which class I am a humble member, four sides equal, and generally, that in every Polygon, all the sides must be equal. The size of the sides would of course depend upon the age of the individual. A Female at birth would be about an inch long, while a tall adult Woman might extend to a foot. As to the Males of every class, it may be roughly said that the length of an adult's sides, when added together, is two feet or a little more. But the size of our sides is not under consideration. I am speaking of the EQUALITY of sides, and it does not need much reflection to see that the whole of the social life in Flatland rests upon the fundamental fact that Nature wills all Figures to have their sides equal. If our sides were unequal our angles might be unequal. Instead of its being sufficient to feel, or estimate by sight, a single angle in order to determine the form of an individual, it would be necessary to ascertain each angle by the experiment of Feeling. But life would be too short for such a tedious grouping. The whole science and art of Sight Recognition would at once perish; Feeling, so far as it is an art, would not long survive; intercourse would become perilous or impossible; there would be an end to all confidence, all forethought; no one would be safe in making the most simple social arrangements; in a word, civilization would relapse into barbarism. Am I going too fast to carry my Readers with me to these obvious conclusions? Surely a moment's reflection, and a single instance from common life, must convince every one that our whole social system is based upon Regularity, or Equality of Angles. You meet, for example, two or three Tradesmen in the street, whom you recognize at once to be Tradesmen by a glance at their angles and rapidly bedimmed sides, and you ask them to step into your house to lunch. This you do at present with perfect confidence, because everyone knows to an inch or two the area occupied by an adult Triangle: but imagine that your Tradesman drags behind his regular and respectable vertex, a parallelogram of twelve or thirteen inches in diagonal:--what are you to do with such a monster sticking fast in your house door? But I am insulting the intelligence of my Readers by accumulating details which must be patent to everyone who enjoys the advantages of a Residence in Spaceland. Obviously the measurements of a single angle would no longer be sufficient under such portentous circumstances; one's whole life would be taken up in feeling or surveying the perimeter of one's acquaintances. Already the difficulties of avoiding a collision in a crowd are enough to tax the sagacity of even a well-educated Square; but if no one could calculate the Regularity of a single figure in the company, all would be chaos and confusion, and the slightest panic would cause serious injuries, or--if there happened to be any Women or Soldiers present--perhaps considerable loss of life. Expediency therefore concurs with Nature in stamping the seal of its approval upon Regularity of conformation: nor has the Law been backward in seconding their efforts. "Irregularity of Figure" means with us the same as, or more than, a combination of moral obliquity and criminality with you, and is treated accordingly. There are not wanting, it is true, some promulgators of paradoxes who maintain that there is no necessary connection between geometrical and moral Irregularity. "The Irregular", they say, "is from his birth scouted by his own parents, derided by his brothers and sisters, neglected by the domestics, scorned and suspected by society, and excluded from all posts of responsibility, trust, and useful activity. His every movement is jealously watched by the police till he comes of age and presents himself for inspection; then he is either destroyed, if he is found to exceed the fixed margin of deviation, or else immured in a Government Office as a clerk of the seventh class; prevented from marriage; forced to drudge at an uninteresting occupation for a miserable stipend; obliged to live and board at the office, and to take even his vacation under close supervision; what wonder that human nature, even in the best and purest, is embittered and perverted by such surroundings!" All this very plausible reasoning does not convince me, as it has not convinced the wisest of our Statesmen, that our ancestors erred in laying it down as an axiom of policy that the toleration of Irregularity is incompatible with the safety of the State. Doubtless, the life of an Irregular is hard; but the interests of the Greater Number require that it shall be hard. If a man with a triangular front and a polygonal back were allowed to exist and to propagate a still more Irregular posterity, what would become of the arts of life? Are the houses and doors and churches in Flatland to be altered in order to accommodate such monsters? Are our ticket-collectors to be required to measure every man's perimeter before they allow him to enter a theatre or to take his place in a lecture room? Is an Irregular to be exempted from the militia? And if not, how is he to be prevented from carrying desolation into the ranks of his comrades? Again, what irresistible temptations to fraudulent impostures must needs beset such a creature! How easy for him to enter a shop with his polygonal front foremost, and to order goods to any extent from a confiding tradesman! Let the advocates of a falsely called Philanthropy plead as they may for the abrogation of the Irregular Penal Laws, I for my part have never known an Irregular who was not also what Nature evidently intended him to be--a hypocrite, a misanthropist, and, up to the limits of his power, a perpetrator of all manner of mischief. Not that I should be disposed to recommend at present the extreme measures adopted by some States, where an infant whose angle deviates by half a degree from the correct angularity is summarily destroyed at birth. Some of our highest and ablest men, men of real genius, have during their earliest days laboured under deviations as great as, or even greater than, forty-five minutes: and the loss of their precious lives would have been an irreparable injury to the State. The art of healing also has achieved some of its most glorious triumphs in the compressions, extensions, trepannings, colligations, and other surgical or diaetetic operations by which Irregularity has been partly or wholly cured. Advocating therefore a VIA MEDIA, I would lay down no fixed or absolute line of demarcation; but at the period when the frame is just beginning to set, and when the Medical Board has reported that recovery is improbable, I would suggest that the Irregular offspring be painlessly and mercifully consumed. Section 8. Of the Ancient Practice of Painting If my Readers have followed me with any attention up to this point, they will not be surprised to hear that life is somewhat dull in Flatland. I do not, of course, mean that there are not battles, conspiracies, tumults, factions, and all those other phenomena which are supposed to make History interesting; nor would I deny that the strange mixture of the problems of life and the problems of Mathematics, continually inducing conjecture and giving the opportunity of immediate verification, imparts to our existence a zest which you in Spaceland can hardly comprehend. I speak now from the aesthetic and artistic point of view when I say that life with us is dull; aesthetically and artistically, very dull indeed. How can it be otherwise, when all one's prospect, all one's landscapes, historical pieces, portraits, flowers, still life, are nothing but a single line, with no varieties except degrees of brightness and obscurity? It was not always thus. Colour, if Tradition speaks the truth, once for the space of half a dozen centuries or more, threw a transient splendour over the lives of our ancestors in the remotest ages. Some private individual--a Pentagon whose name is variously reported--having casually discovered the constituents of the simpler colours and a rudimentary method of painting, is said to have begun decorating first his house, then his slaves, then his Father, his Sons, and Grandsons, lastly himself. The convenience as well as the beauty of the results commended themselves to all. Wherever Chromatistes,--for by that name the most trustworthy authorities concur in calling him,--turned his variegated frame, there he at once excited attention, and attracted respect. No one now needed to "feel" him; no one mistook his front for his back; all his movements were readily ascertained by his neighbours without the slightest strain on their powers of calculation; no one jostled him, or failed to make way for him; his voice was saved the labour of that exhausting utterance by which we colourless Squares and Pentagons are often forced to proclaim our individuality when we move amid a crowd of ignorant Isosceles. The fashion spread like wildfire. Before a week was over, every Square and Triangle in the district had copied the example of Chromatistes, and only a few of the more conservative Pentagons still held out. A month or two found even the Dodecagons infected with the innovation. A year had not elapsed before the habit had spread to all but the very highest of the Nobility. Needless to say, the custom soon made its way from the district of Chromatistes to surrounding regions; and within two generations no one in all Flatland was colourless except the Women and the Priests. Here Nature herself appeared to erect a barrier, and to plead against extending the innovation to these two classes. Many-sidedness was almost essential as a pretext for the Innovators. "Distinction of sides is intended by Nature to imply distinction of colours"--such was the sophism which in those days flew from mouth to mouth, converting whole towns at a time to the new culture. But manifestly to our Priests and Women this adage did not apply. The latter had only one side, and therefore--plurally and pedantically speaking--NO SIDES. The former--if at least they would assert their claim to be really and truly Circles, and not mere high-class Polygons with an infinitely large number of infinitesimally small sides--were in the habit of boasting what Women confessed and deplored that they also had no sides, being blessed with a perimeter of one line, or, in other words, a Circumference. Hence it came to pass that these two Classes could see no force in the so-called axiom about "Distinction of Sides implying Distinction of Colour"; and when all others had succumbed to the fascinations of corporal decoration, the Priests and the Women alone still remained pure from the pollution of paint. Immoral, licentious, anarchical, unscientific--call them by what names you will--yet, from an aesthetic point of view, those ancient days of the Colour Revolt were the glorious childhood of Art in Flatland--a childhood, alas, that never ripened into manhood, nor even reached the blossom of youth. To live was then in itself a delight, because living implied seeing. Even at a small party, the company was a pleasure to behold; the richly varied hues of the assembly in a church or theatre are said to have more than once proved too distracting for our greatest teachers and actors; but most ravishing of all is said to have been the unspeakable magnificence of a military review. The sight of a line of battle of twenty thousand Isosceles suddenly facing about, and exchanging the sombre black of their bases for the orange and purple of the two sides including their acute angle; the militia of the Equilateral Triangles tricoloured in red, white, and blue; the mauve, ultra-marine, gamboge, and burnt umber of the Square artillerymen rapidly rotating near their vermilion guns; the dashing and flashing of the five-coloured and six-coloured Pentagons and Hexagons careering across the field in their offices of surgeons, geometricians and aides-de-camp--all these may well have been sufficient to render credible the famous story how an illustrious Circle, overcome by the artistic beauty of the forces under his command, threw aside his marshal's baton and his royal crown, exclaiming that he henceforth exchanged them for the artist's pencil. How great and glorious the sensuous development of these days must have been is in part indicated by the very language and vocabulary of the period. The commonest utterances of the commonest citizens in the time of the Colour Revolt seem to have been suffused with a richer tinge of word or thought; and to that era we are even now indebted for our finest poetry and for whatever rhythm still remains in the more scientific utterance of these modern days. Section 9. Of the Universal Colour Bill But meanwhile the intellectual Arts were fast decaying. The Art of Sight Recognition, being no longer needed, was no longer practised; and the studies of Geometry, Statics, Kinetics, and other kindred subjects, came soon to be considered superfluous, and fell into disrespect and neglect even at our University. The inferior Art of Feeling speedily experienced the same fate at our Elementary Schools. Then the Isosceles classes, asserting that the Specimens were no longer used nor needed, and refusing to pay the customary tribute from the Criminal classes to the service of Education, waxed daily more numerous and more insolent on the strength of their immunity from the old burden which had formerly exercised the twofold wholesome effect of at once taming their brutal nature and thinning their excessive numbers. Year by year the Soldiers and Artisans began more vehemently to assert--and with increasing truth--that there was no great difference between them and the very highest class of Polygons, now that they were raised to an equality with the latter, and enabled to grapple with all the difficulties and solve all the problems of life, whether Statical or Kinetical, by the simple process of Colour Recognition. Not content with the natural neglect into which Sight Recognition was falling, they began boldly to demand the legal prohibition of all "monopolizing and aristocratic Arts" and the consequent abolition of all endowments for the studies of Sight Recognition, Mathematics, and Feeling. Soon, they began to insist that inasmuch as Colour, which was a second Nature, had destroyed the need of aristocratic distinctions, the Law should follow in the same path, and that henceforth all individuals and all classes should be recognized as absolutely equal and entitled to equal rights. Finding the higher Orders wavering and undecided, the leaders of the Revolution advanced still further in their requirements, and at last demanded that all classes alike, the Priests and the Women not excepted, should do homage to Colour by submitting to be painted. When it was objected that Priests and Women had no sides, they retorted that Nature and Expediency concurred in dictating that the front half of every human being that is to say, the half containing his eye and mouth should be distinguishable from his hinder half. They therefore brought before a general and extraordinary Assembly of all the States of Flatland a Bill proposing that in every Woman the half containing the eye and mouth should be coloured red, and the other half green. The Priests were to be painted in the same way, red being applied to that semicircle in which the eye and mouth formed the middle point; while the other or hinder semicircle was to be coloured green. There was no little cunning in this proposal, which indeed emanated not from any Isosceles--for no being so degraded would have had angularity enough to appreciate, much less to devise, such a model of state-craft--but from an Irregular Circle who, instead of being destroyed in his childhood, was reserved by a foolish indulgence to bring desolation on his country and destruction on myriads of his followers. On the one hand the proposition was calculated to bring the Women in all classes over to the side of the Chromatic Innovation. For by assigning to the Women the same two colours as were assigned to the Priests, the Revolutionists thereby ensured that, in certain positions, every Woman would appear like a Priest, and be treated with corresponding respect and deference--a prospect that could not fail to attract the Female Sex in a mass. But by some of my Readers the possibility of the identical appearance of Priests and Women, under the new Legislation, may not be recognized; if so, a word or two will make it obvious. Imagine a woman duly decorated, according to the new Code; with the front half i.e. the half containing eye and mouth red, and with the hinder half green. Look at her from one side. Obviously you will see a straight line, HALF RED, HALF GREEN. Now imagine a Priest, whose mouth is at M, and whose front semicircle AMB is consequently coloured red, while his hinder semicircle is green; so that the diameter AB divides the green from the red. If you contemplate the Great Man so as to have your eye in the same straight line as his dividing diameter AB, what you will see will be a straight line CBD, of which ONE HALF CB WILL BE RED, AND THE OTHER BD GREEN. The whole line CD will be rather shorter perhaps than that of a full-sized Woman, and will shade off more rapidly towards its extremities; but the identity of the colours would give you an immediate impression of identity of Class, making you neglectful of other details. Bear in mind the decay of Sight Recognition which threatened society at the time of the Colour Revolt; add too the certainty that Women would speedily learn to shade off their extremities so as to imitate the Circles; it must then be surely obvious to you, my dear Reader, that the Colour Bill placed us under a great danger of confounding a Priest with a young Woman. How attractive this prospect must have been to the Frail Sex may readily be imagined. They anticipated with delight the confusion that would ensue. At home they might hear political and ecclesiastical secrets intended not for them but for their husbands and brothers, and might even issue commands in the name of a priestly Circle; out of doors the striking combination of red and green, without addition of any other colours, would be sure to lead the common people into endless mistakes, and the Women would gain whatever the Circles lost, in the deference of the passers by. As for the scandal that would befall the Circular Class if the frivolous and unseemly conduct of the Women were imputed to them, and as to the consequent subversion of the Constitution, the Female Sex could not be expected to give a thought to these considerations. Even in the households of the Circles, the Women were all in favour of the Universal Colour Bill. The second object aimed at by the Bill was the gradual demoralization of the Circles themselves. In the general intellectual decay they still preserved their pristine clearness and strength of understanding. From their earliest childhood, familiarized in their Circular households with the total absence of Colour, the Nobles alone preserved the Sacred Art of Sight Recognition, with all the advantages that result from that admirable training of the intellect. Hence, up to the date of the introduction of the Universal Colour Bill, the Circles had not only held their own, but even increased their lead of the other classes by abstinence from the popular fashion. Now therefore the artful Irregular whom I described above as the real author of this diabolical Bill, determined at one blow to lower the status of the Hierarchy by forcing them to submit to the pollution of Colour, and at the same time to destroy their domestic opportunities of training in the Art of Sight Recognition, so as to enfeeble their intellects by depriving them of their pure and colourless homes. Once subjected to the chromatic taint, every parental and every childish Circle would demoralize each other. Only in discerning between the Father and the Mother would the Circular infant find problems for the exercise of its understanding--problems too often likely to be corrupted by maternal impostures with the result of shaking the child's faith in all logical conclusions. Thus by degrees the intellectual lustre of the Priestly Order would wane, and the road would then lie open for a total destruction of all Aristocratic Legislature and for the subversion of our Privileged Classes. Section 10. Of the Suppression of the Chromatic Sedition The agitation for the Universal Colour Bill continued for three years; and up to the last moment of that period it seemed as though Anarchy were destined to triumph. A whole army of Polygons, who turned out to fight as private soldiers, was utterly annihilated by a superior force of Isosceles Triangles--the Squares and Pentagons meanwhile remaining neutral. Worse than all, some of the ablest Circles fell a prey to conjugal fury. Infuriated by political animosity, the wives in many a noble household wearied their lords with prayers to give up their opposition to the Colour Bill; and some, finding their entreaties fruitless, fell on and slaughtered their innocent children and husband, perishing themselves in the act of carnage. It is recorded that during that triennial agitation no less than twenty-three Circles perished in domestic discord. Great indeed was the peril. It seemed as though the Priests had no choice between submission and extermination; when suddenly the course of events was completely changed by one of those picturesque incidents which Statesmen ought never to neglect, often to anticipate, and sometimes perhaps to originate, because of the absurdly disproportionate power with which they appeal to the sympathies of the populace. It happened that an Isosceles of a low type, with a brain little if at all above four degrees--accidentally dabbling in the colours of some Tradesman whose shop he had plundered--painted himself, or caused himself to be painted for the story varies with the twelve colours of a Dodecagon. Going into the Market Place he accosted in a feigned voice a maiden, the orphan daughter of a noble Polygon, whose affection in former days he had sought in vain; and by a series of deceptions--aided, on the one side, by a string of lucky accidents too long to relate, and on the other, by an almost inconceivable fatuity and neglect of ordinary precautions on the part of the relations of the bride--he succeeded in consummating the marriage. The unhappy girl committed suicide on discovering the fraud to which she had been subjected. When the news of this catastrophe spread from State to State the minds of the Women were violently agitated. Sympathy with the miserable victim and anticipations of similar deceptions for themselves, their sisters, and their daughters, made them now regard the Colour Bill in an entirely new aspect. Not a few openly avowed themselves converted to antagonism; the rest needed only a slight stimulus to make a similar avowal. Seizing this favourable opportunity, the Circles hastily convened an extraordinary Assembly of the States; and besides the usual guard of Convicts, they secured the attendance of a large number of reactionary Women. Amidst an unprecedented concourse, the Chief Circle of those days--by name Pantocyclus--arose to find himself hissed and hooted by a hundred and twenty thousand Isosceles. But he secured silence by declaring that henceforth the Circles would enter on a policy of Concession; yielding to the wishes of the majority, they would accept the Colour Bill. The uproar being at once converted to applause, he invited Chromatistes, the leader of the Sedition, into the centre of the hall, to receive in the name of his followers the submission of the Hierarchy. Then followed a speech, a masterpiece of rhetoric, which occupied nearly a day in the delivery, and to which no summary can do justice. With a grave appearance of impartiality he declared that as they were now finally committing themselves to Reform or Innovation, it was desirable that they should take one last view of the perimeter of the whole subject, its defects as well as its advantages. Gradually introducing the mention of the dangers to the Tradesmen, the Professional Classes and the Gentlemen, he silenced the rising murmurs of the Isosceles by reminding them that, in spite of all these defects, he was willing to accept the Bill if it was approved by the majority. But it was manifest that all, except the Isosceles, were moved by his words and were either neutral or averse to the Bill. Turning now to the Workmen he asserted that their interests must not be neglected, and that, if they intended to accept the Colour Bill, they ought at least to do so with full view of the consequences. Many of them, he said, were on the point of being admitted to the class of the Regular Triangles; others anticipated for their children a distinction they could not hope for themselves. That honourable ambition would now have to be sacrificed. With the universal adoption of Colour, all distinctions would cease; Regularity would be confused with Irregularity; development would give place to retrogression; the Workman would in a few generations be degraded to the level of the Military, or even the Convict Class; political power would be in the hands of the greatest number, that is to say the Criminal Classes, who were already more numerous than the Workmen, and would soon out-number all the other Classes put together when the usual Compensative Laws of Nature were violated. A subdued murmur of assent ran through the ranks of the Artisans, and Chromatistes, in alarm, attempted to step forward and address them. But he found himself encompassed with guards and forced to remain silent while the Chief Circle in a few impassioned words made a final appeal to the Women, exclaiming that, if the Colour Bill passed, no marriage would henceforth be safe, no woman's honour secure; fraud, deception, hypocrisy would pervade every household; domestic bliss would share the fate of the Constitution and pass to speedy perdition. "Sooner than this," he cried, "Come death." At these words, which were the preconcerted signal for action, the Isosceles Convicts fell on and transfixed the wretched Chromatistes; the Regular Classes, opening their ranks, made way for a band of Women who, under direction of the Circles, moved, back foremost, invisibly and unerringly upon the unconscious soldiers; the Artisans, imitating the example of their betters, also opened their ranks. Meantime bands of Convicts occupied every entrance with an impenetrable phalanx. The battle, or rather carnage, was of short duration. Under the skillful generalship of the Circles almost every Woman's charge was fatal and very many extracted their sting uninjured, ready for a second slaughter. But no second blow was needed; the rabble of the Isosceles did the rest of the business for themselves. Surprised, leader-less, attacked in front by invisible foes, and finding egress cut off by the Convicts behind them, they at once--after their manner--lost all presence of mind, and raised the cry of "treachery". This sealed their fate. Every Isosceles now saw and felt a foe in every other. In half an hour not one of that vast multitude was living; and the fragments of seven score thousand of the Criminal Class slain by one another's angles attested the triumph of Order. The Circles delayed not to push their victory to the uttermost. The Working Men they spared but decimated. The Militia of the Equilaterals was at once called out; and every Triangle suspected of Irregularity on reasonable grounds, was destroyed by Court Martial, without the formality of exact measurement by the Social Board. The homes of the Military and Artisan classes were inspected in a course of visitations extending through upwards of a year; and during that period every town, village, and hamlet was systematically purged of that excess of the lower orders which had been brought about by the neglect to pay the tribute of Criminals to the Schools and University, and by the violation of the other natural Laws of the Constitution of Flatland. Thus the balance of classes was again restored. Needless to say that henceforth the use of Colour was abolished, and its possession prohibited. Even the utterance of any word denoting Colour, except by the Circles or by qualified scientific teachers, was punished by a severe penalty. Only at our University in some of the very highest and most esoteric classes--which I myself have never been privileged to attend--it is understood that the sparing use of Colour is still sanctioned for the purpose of illustrating some of the deeper problems of mathematics. But of this I can only speak from hearsay. Elsewhere in Flatland, Colour is now non-existent. The art of making it is known to only one living person, the Chief Circle for the time being; and by him it is handed down on his death-bed to none but his Successor. One manufactory alone produces it; and, lest the secret should be betrayed, the Workmen are annually consumed, and fresh ones introduced. So great is the terror with which even now our Aristocracy looks back to the far-distant days of the agitation for the Universal Colour Bill. Section 11. Concerning our Priests It is high time that I should pass from these brief and discursive notes about things in Flatland to the central event of this book, my initiation into the mysteries of Space. THAT is my subject; all that has gone before is merely preface. For this reason I must omit many matters of which the explanation would not, I flatter myself, be without interest for my Readers: as for example, our method of propelling and stopping ourselves, although destitute of feet; the means by which we give fixity to structures of wood, stone, or brick, although of course we have no hands, nor can we lay foundations as you can, nor avail ourselves of the lateral pressure of the earth; the manner in which the rain originates in the intervals between our various zones, so that the northern regions do not intercept the moisture from falling on the southern; the nature of our hills and mines, our trees and vegetables, our seasons and harvests; our Alphabet and method of writing, adapted to our linear tablets; these and a hundred other details of our physical existence I must pass over, nor do I mention them now except to indicate to my readers that their omission proceeds not from forgetfulness on the part of the author, but from his regard for the time of the Reader. Yet before I proceed to my legitimate subject some few final remarks will no doubt be expected by my Readers upon those pillars and mainstays of the Constitution of Flatland, the controllers of our conduct and shapers of our destiny, the objects of universal homage and almost of adoration: need I say that I mean our Circles or Priests? When I call them Priests, let me not be understood as meaning no more than the term denotes with you. With us, our Priests are Administrators of all Business, Art, and Science; Directors of Trade, Commerce, Generalship, Architecture, Engineering, Education, Statesmanship, Legislature, Morality, Theology; doing nothing themselves, they are the Causes of everything worth doing, that is done by others. Although popularly everyone called a Circle is deemed a Circle, yet among the better educated Classes it is known that no Circle is really a Circle, but only a Polygon with a very large number of very small sides. As the number of the sides increases, a Polygon approximates to a Circle; and, when the number is very great indeed, say for example three or four hundred, it is extremely difficult for the most delicate touch to feel any polygonal angles. Let me say rather, it WOULD be difficult: for, as I have shown above, Recognition by Feeling is unknown among the highest society, and to FEEL a Circle would be considered a most audacious insult. This habit of abstention from Feeling in the best society enables a Circle the more easily to sustain the veil of mystery in which, from his earliest years, he is wont to enwrap the exact nature of his Perimeter or Circumference. Three feet being the average Perimeter it follows that, in a Polygon of three hundred sides each side will be no more than the hundredth part of a foot in length, or little more than the tenth part of an inch; and in a Polygon of six or seven hundred sides the sides are little larger than the diameter of a Spaceland pin-head. It is always assumed, by courtesy, that the Chief Circle for the time being has ten thousand sides. The ascent of the posterity of the Circles in the social scale is not restricted, as it is among the lower Regular classes, by the Law of Nature which limits the increase of sides to one in each generation. If it were so, the number of sides in a Circle would be a mere question of pedigree and arithmetic, and the four hundred and ninety-seventh descendant of an Equilateral Triangle would necessarily be a Polygon with five hundred sides. But this is not the case. Nature's Law prescribes two antagonistic decrees affecting Circular propagation; first, that as the race climbs higher in the scale of development, so development shall proceed at an accelerated pace; second, that in the same proportion, the race shall become less fertile. Consequently in the home of a Polygon of four or five hundred sides it is rare to find a son; more than one is never seen. On the other hand the son of a five-hundred-sided Polygon has been known to possess five hundred and fifty, or even six hundred sides. Art also steps in to help the process of the higher Evolution. Our physicians have discovered that the small and tender sides of an infant Polygon of the higher class can be fractured, and his whole frame re-set, with such exactness that a Polygon of two or three hundred sides sometimes--by no means always, for the process is attended with serious risk--but sometimes overleaps two or three hundred generations, and as it were doubles at a stroke, the number of his progenitors and the nobility of his descent. Many a promising child is sacrificed in this way. Scarcely one out of ten survives. Yet so strong is the parental ambition among those Polygons who are, as it were, on the fringe of the Circular class, that it is very rare to find a Nobleman of that position in society, who has neglected to place his first-born in the Circular Neo-Therapeutic Gymnasium before he has attained the age of a month. One year determines success or failure. At the end of that time the child has, in all probability, added one more to the tombstones that crowd the Neo-Therapeutic Cemetery; but on rare occasions a glad procession bears back the little one to his exultant parents, no longer a Polygon, but a Circle, at least by courtesy: and a single instance of so blessed a result induces multitudes of Polygonal parents to submit to similar domestic sacrifices, which have a dissimilar issue. Section 12. Of the Doctrine of our Priests As to the doctrine of the Circles it may briefly be summed up in a single maxim, "Attend to your Configuration." Whether political, ecclesiastical, or moral, all their teaching has for its object the improvement of individual and collective Configuration--with special reference of course to the Configuration of the Circles, to which all other objects are subordinated. It is the merit of the Circles that they have effectually suppressed those ancient heresies which led men to waste energy and sympathy in the vain belief that conduct depends upon will, effort, training, encouragement, praise, or anything else but Configuration. It was Pantocyclus--the illustrious Circle mentioned above, as the queller of the Colour Revolt--who first convinced mankind that Configuration makes the man; that if, for example, you are born an Isosceles with two uneven sides, you will assuredly go wrong unless you have them made even--for which purpose you must go to the Isosceles Hospital; similarly, if you are a Triangle, or Square, or even a Polygon, born with any Irregularity, you must be taken to one of the Regular Hospitals to have your disease cured; otherwise you will end your days in the State Prison or by the angle of the State Executioner. All faults or defects, from the slightest misconduct to the most flagitious crime, Pantocyclus attributed to some deviation from perfect Regularity in the bodily figure, caused perhaps if not congenital by some collision in a crowd; by neglect to take exercise, or by taking too much of it; or even by a sudden change of temperature, resulting in a shrinkage or expansion in some too susceptible part of the frame. Therefore, concluded that illustrious Philosopher, neither good conduct nor bad conduct is a fit subject, in any sober estimation, for either praise or blame. For why should you praise, for example, the integrity of a Square who faithfully defends the interests of his client, when you ought in reality rather to admire the exact precision of his right angles? Or again, why blame a lying, thievish Isosceles when you ought rather to deplore the incurable inequality of his sides? Theoretically, this doctrine is unquestionable; but it has practical drawbacks. In dealing with an Isosceles, if a rascal pleads that he cannot help stealing because of his unevenness, you reply that for that very reason, because he cannot help being a nuisance to his neighbours, you, the Magistrate, cannot help sentencing him to be consumed--and there's an end of the matter. But in little domestic difficulties, where the penalty of consumption, or death, is out of the question, this theory of Configuration sometimes comes in awkwardly; and I must confess that occasionally when one of my own Hexagonal Grandsons pleads as an excuse for his disobedience that a sudden change of the temperature has been too much for his Perimeter, and that I ought to lay the blame not on him but on his Configuration, which can only be strengthened by abundance of the choicest sweetmeats, I neither see my way logically to reject, nor practically to accept, his conclusions. For my own part, I find it best to assume that a good sound scolding or castigation has some latent and strengthening influence on my Grandson's Configuration; though I own that I have no grounds for thinking so. At all events I am not alone in my way of extricating myself from this dilemma; for I find that many of the highest Circles, sitting as Judges in law courts, use praise and blame towards Regular and Irregular Figures; and in their homes I know by experience that, when scolding their children, they speak about "right" or "wrong" as vehemently and passionately as if they believed that these names represented real existences, and that a human Figure is really capable of choosing between them. Constantly carrying out their policy of making Configuration the leading idea in every mind, the Circles reverse the nature of that Commandment which in Spaceland regulates the relations between parents and children. With you, children are taught to honour their parents; with us--next to the Circles, who are the chief object of universal homage--a man is taught to honour his Grandson, if he has one; or, if not, his Son. By "honour", however, is by no means meant "indulgence", but a reverent regard for their highest interests: and the Circles teach that the duty of fathers is to subordinate their own interests to those of posterity, thereby advancing the welfare of the whole State as well as that of their own immediate descendants. The weak point in the system of the Circles--if a humble Square may venture to speak of anything Circular as containing any element of weakness--appears to me to be found in their relations with Women. As it is of the utmost importance for Society that Irregular births should be discouraged, it follows that no Woman who has any Irregularities in her ancestry is a fit partner for one who desires that his posterity should rise by regular degrees in the social scale. Now the Irregularity of a Male is a matter of measurement; but as all Women are straight, and therefore visibly Regular so to speak, one has to devise some other means of ascertaining what I may call their invisible Irregularity, that is to say their potential Irregularities as regards possible offspring. This is effected by carefully-kept pedigrees, which are preserved and supervised by the State; and without a certified pedigree no Woman is allowed to marry. Now it might have been supposed that a Circle--proud of his ancestry and regardful for a posterity which might possibly issue hereafter in a Chief Circle--would be more careful than any other to choose a wife who had no blot on her escutcheon. But it is not so. The care in choosing a Regular wife appears to diminish as one rises in the social scale. Nothing would induce an aspiring Isosceles, who had hopes of generating an Equilateral Son, to take a wife who reckoned a single Irregularity among her Ancestors; a Square or Pentagon, who is confident that his family is steadily on the rise, does not inquire above the five-hundredth generation; a Hexagon or Dodecagon is even more careless of the wife's pedigree; but a Circle has been known deliberately to take a wife who has had an Irregular Great-Grandfather, and all because of some slight superiority of lustre, or because of the charms of a low voice--which, with us, even more than you, is thought "an excellent thing in Woman". Such ill-judged marriages are, as might be expected, barren, if they do not result in positive Irregularity or in diminution of sides; but none of these evils have hitherto proved sufficiently deterrent. The loss of a few sides in a highly-developed Polygon is not easily noticed, and is sometimes compensated by a successful operation in the Neo-Therapeutic Gymnasium, as I have described above; and the Circles are too much disposed to acquiesce in infecundity as a Law of the superior development. Yet, if this evil be not arrested, the gradual diminution of the Circular class may soon become more rapid, and the time may be not far distant when, the race being no longer able to produce a Chief Circle, the Constitution of Flatland must fall. One other word of warning suggests itself to me, though I cannot so easily mention a remedy; and this also refers to our relations with Women. About three hundred years ago, it was decreed by the Chief Circle that, since women are deficient in Reason but abundant in Emotion, they ought no longer to be treated as rational, nor receive any mental education. The consequence was that they were no longer taught to read, nor even to master Arithmetic enough to enable them to count the angles of their husband or children; and hence they sensibly declined during each generation in intellectual power. And this system of female non-education or quietism still prevails. My fear is that, with the best intentions, this policy has been carried so far as to react injuriously on the Male Sex. For the consequence is that, as things now are, we Males have to lead a kind of bi-lingual, and I may almost say bi-mental, existence. With Women, we speak of "love", "duty", "right", "wrong", "pity", "hope", and other irrational and emotional conceptions, which have no existence, and the fiction of which has no object except to control feminine exuberances; but among ourselves, and in our books, we have an entirely different vocabulary and I may almost say, idiom. "Love" then becomes "the anticipation of benefits"; "duty" becomes "necessity" or "fitness"; and other words are correspondingly transmuted. Moreover, among Women, we use language implying the utmost deference for their Sex; and they fully believe that the Chief Circle Himself is not more devoutly adored by us than they are: but behind their backs they are both regarded and spoken of--by all except the very young--as being little better than "mindless organisms". Our Theology also in the Women's chambers is entirely different from our Theology elsewhere. Now my humble fear is that this double training, in language as well as in thought, imposes somewhat too heavy a burden upon the young, especially when, at the age of three years old, they are taken from the maternal care and taught to unlearn the old language--except for the purpose of repeating it in the presence of their Mothers and Nurses--and to learn the vocabulary and idiom of science. Already methinks I discern a weakness in the grasp of mathematical truth at the present time as compared with the more robust intellect of our ancestors three hundred years ago. I say nothing of the possible danger if a Woman should ever surreptitiously learn to read and convey to her Sex the result of her perusal of a single popular volume; nor of the possibility that the indiscretion or disobedience of some infant Male might reveal to a Mother the secrets of the logical dialect. On the simple ground of the enfeebling of the Male intellect, I rest this humble appeal to the highest Authorities to reconsider the regulations of Female education. PART II: OTHER WORLDS "O brave new worlds, that have such people in them!" Section 13. How I had a Vision of Lineland It was the last day but one of the 1999th year of our era, and the first day of the Long Vacation. Having amused myself till a late hour with my favourite recreation of Geometry, I had retired to rest with an unsolved problem in my mind. In the night I had a dream. I saw before me a vast multitude of small Straight Lines which I naturally assumed to be Women interspersed with other Beings still smaller and of the nature of lustrous points--all moving to and fro in one and the same Straight Line, and, as nearly as I could judge, with the same velocity. A noise of confused, multitudinous chirping or twittering issued from them at intervals as long as they were moving; but sometimes they ceased from motion, and then all was silence. Approaching one of the largest of what I thought to be Women, I accosted her, but received no answer. A second and a third appeal on my part were equally ineffectual. Losing patience at what appeared to me intolerable rudeness, I brought my mouth into a position full in front of her mouth so as to intercept her motion, and loudly repeated my question, "Woman, what signifies this concourse, and this strange and confused chirping, and this monotonous motion to and fro in one and the same Straight Line?" The KING'S eyes much larger than the reality shewing that HIS MAJESTY could see nothing but a point. "I am no Woman," replied the small Line. "I am the Monarch of the world. But thou, whence intrudest thou into my realm of Lineland?" Receiving this abrupt reply, I begged pardon if I had in any way startled or molested his Royal Highness; and describing myself as a stranger I besought the King to give me some account of his dominions. But I had the greatest possible difficulty in obtaining any information on points that really interested me; for the Monarch could not refrain from constantly assuming that whatever was familiar to him must also be known to me and that I was simulating ignorance in jest. However, by persevering questions I elicited the following facts: It seemed that this poor ignorant Monarch--as he called himself--was persuaded that the Straight Line which he called his Kingdom, and in which he passed his existence, constituted the whole of the world, and indeed the whole of Space. Not being able either to move or to see, save in his Straight Line, he had no conception of anything out of it. Though he had heard my voice when I first addressed him, the sounds had come to him in a manner so contrary to his experience that he had made no answer, "seeing no man", as he expressed it, "and hearing a voice as it were from my own intestines." Until the moment when I placed my mouth in his World, he had neither seen me, nor heard anything except confused sounds beating against--what I called his side, but what he called his INSIDE or STOMACH; nor had he even now the least conception of the region from which I had come. Outside his World, or Line, all was a blank to him; nay, not even a blank, for a blank implies Space; say, rather, all was non-existent. His subjects--of whom the small Lines were men and the Points Women--were all alike confined in motion and eye-sight to that single Straight Line, which was their World. It need scarcely be added that the whole of their horizon was limited to a Point; nor could any one ever see anything but a Point. Man, woman, child, thing--each was a Point to the eye of a Linelander. Only by the sound of the voice could sex or age be distinguished. Moreover, as each individual occupied the whole of the narrow path, so to speak, which constituted his Universe, and no one could move to the right or left to make way for passers by, it followed that no Linelander could ever pass another. Once neighbours, always neighbours. Neighbourhood with them was like marriage with us. Neighbours remained neighbours till death did them part. Such a life, with all vision limited to a Point, and all motion to a Straight Line, seemed to me inexpressibly dreary; and I was surprised to note the vivacity and cheerfulness of the King. Wondering whether it was possible, amid circumstances so unfavourable to domestic relations, to enjoy the pleasures of conjugal union, I hesitated for some time to question his Royal Highness on so delicate a subject; but at last I plunged into it by abruptly inquiring as to the health of his family. "My wives and children," he replied, "are well and happy." Staggered at this answer--for in the immediate proximity of the Monarch as I had noted in my dream before I entered Lineland there were none but Men--I ventured to reply, "Pardon me, but I cannot imagine how your Royal Highness can at any time either see or approach their Majesties, when there are at least half a dozen intervening individuals, whom you can neither see through, nor pass by? Is it possible that in Lineland proximity is not necessary for marriage and for the generation of children?" "How can you ask so absurd a question?" replied the Monarch. "If it were indeed as you suggest, the Universe would soon be depopulated. No, no; neighbourhood is needless for the union of hearts; and the birth of children is too important a matter to have been allowed to depend upon such an accident as proximity. You cannot be ignorant of this. Yet since you are pleased to affect ignorance, I will instruct you as if you were the veriest baby in Lineland. Know, then, that marriages are consummated by means of the faculty of sound and the sense of hearing. "You are of course aware that every Man has two mouths or voices--as well as two eyes--a bass at one and a tenor at the other of his extremities. I should not mention this, but that I have been unable to distinguish your tenor in the course of our conversation." I replied that I had but one voice, and that I had not been aware that his Royal Highness had two. "That confirms my impression," said the King, "that you are not a Man, but a feminine Monstrosity with a bass voice, and an utterly uneducated ear. But to continue. "Nature having herself ordained that every Man should wed two wives--" "Why two?" asked I. "You carry your affected simplicity too far", he cried. "How can there be a completely harmonious union without the combination of the Four in One, viz. the Bass and Tenor of the Man and the Soprano and Contralto of the two Women?" "But supposing," said I, "that a man should prefer one wife or three?" "It is impossible," he said; "it is as inconceivable as that two and one should make five, or that the human eye should see a Straight Line." I would have interrupted him; but he proceeded as follows: "Once in the middle of each week a Law of Nature compels us to move to and fro with a rhythmic motion of more than usual violence, which continues for the time you would take to count a hundred and one. In the midst of this choral dance, at the fifty-first pulsation, the inhabitants of the Universe pause in full career, and each individual sends forth his richest, fullest, sweetest strain. It is in this decisive moment that all our marriages are made. So exquisite is the adaptation of Bass to Treble, of Tenor to Contralto, that oftentimes the Loved Ones, though twenty thousand leagues away, recognize at once the responsive note of their destined Lover; and, penetrating the paltry obstacles of distance, Love unites the three. The marriage in that instant consummated results in a threefold Male and Female offspring which takes its place in Lineland." "What! Always threefold?" said I. "Must one wife then always have twins?" "Bass-voiced Monstrosity! yes," replied the King. "How else could the balance of the Sexes be maintained, if two girls were not born for every boy? Would you ignore the very Alphabet of Nature?" He ceased, speechless for fury; and some time elapsed before I could induce him to resume his narrative. "You will not, of course, suppose that every bachelor among us finds his mates at the first wooing in this universal Marriage Chorus. On the contrary, the process is by most of us many times repeated. Few are the hearts whose happy lot it is at once to recognize in each other's voices the partner intended for them by Providence, and to fly into a reciprocal and perfectly harmonious embrace. With most of us the courtship is of long duration. The Wooer's voices may perhaps accord with one of the future wives, but not with both; or not, at first, with either; or the Soprano and Contralto may not quite harmonize. In such cases Nature has provided that every weekly Chorus shall bring the three Lovers into closer harmony. Each trial of voice, each fresh discovery of discord, almost imperceptibly induces the less perfect to modify his or her vocal utterance so as to approximate to the more perfect. And after many trials and many approximations, the result is at last achieved. There comes a day at last, when, while the wonted Marriage Chorus goes forth from universal Lineland, the three far-off Lovers suddenly find themselves in exact harmony, and, before they are awake, the wedded Triplet is rapt vocally into a duplicate embrace; and Nature rejoices over one more marriage and over three more births." Section 14. How I vainly tried to explain the nature of Flatland Thinking that it was time to bring down the Monarch from his raptures to the level of common sense, I determined to endeavour to open up to him some glimpses of the truth, that is to say of the nature of things in Flatland. So I began thus: "How does your Royal Highness distinguish the shapes and positions of his subjects? I for my part noticed by the sense of sight, before I entered your Kingdom, that some of your people are Lines and others Points, and that some of the Lines are larger--" "You speak of an impossibility," interrupted the King; "you must have seen a vision; for to detect the difference between a Line and a Point by the sense of sight is, as every one knows, in the nature of things, impossible; but it can be detected by the sense of hearing, and by the same means my shape can be exactly ascertained. Behold me--I am a Line, the longest in Lineland, over six inches of Space--" "Of Length", I ventured to suggest. "Fool," said he, "Space is Length. Interrupt me again, and I have done." I apologized; but he continued scornfully, "Since you are impervious to argument, you shall hear with your ears how by means of my two voices I reveal my shape to my Wives, who are at this moment six thousand miles seventy yards two feet eight inches away, the one to the North, the other to the South. Listen, I call to them." He chirruped, and then complacently continued: "My wives at this moment receiving the sound of one of my voices, closely followed by the other, and perceiving that the latter reaches them after an interval in which sound can traverse 6.457 inches, infer that one of my mouths is 6.457 inches further from them than the other, and accordingly know my shape to be 6.457 inches. But you will of course understand that my wives do not make this calculation every time they hear my two voices. They made it, once for all, before we were married. But they COULD make it at any time. And in the same way I can estimate the shape of any of my Male subjects by the sense of sound." "But how," said I, "if a Man feigns a Woman's voice with one of his two voices, or so disguises his Southern voice that it cannot be recognized as the echo of the Northern? May not such deceptions cause great inconvenience? And have you no means of checking frauds of this kind by commanding your neighbouring subjects to feel one another?" This of course was a very stupid question, for feeling could not have answered the purpose; but I asked with the view of irritating the Monarch, and I succeeded perfectly. "What!" cried he in horror, "explain your meaning." "Feel, touch, come into contact," I replied. "If you mean by FEELING," said the King, "approaching so close as to leave no space between two individuals, know, Stranger, that this offence is punishable in my dominions by death. And the reason is obvious. The frail form of a Woman, being liable to be shattered by such an approximation, must be preserved by the State; but since Women cannot be distinguished by the sense of sight from Men, the Law ordains universally that neither Man nor Woman shall be approached so closely as to destroy the interval between the approximator and the approximated. "And indeed what possible purpose would be served by this illegal and unnatural excess of approximation which you call TOUCHING, when all the ends of so brutal and coarse a process are attained at once more easily and more exactly by the sense of hearing? As to your suggested danger of deception, it is non-existent: for the Voice, being the essence of one's Being, cannot be thus changed at will. But come, suppose that I had the power of passing through solid things, so that I could penetrate my subjects, one after another, even to the number of a billion, verifying the size and distance of each by the sense of FEELING: how much time and energy would be wasted in this clumsy and inaccurate method! Whereas now, in one moment of audition, I take as it were the census and statistics, local, corporeal, mental and spiritual, of every living being in Lineland. Hark, only hark!" So saying he paused and listened, as if in an ecstasy, to a sound which seemed to me no better than a tiny chirping from an innumerable multitude of lilliputian grasshoppers. "Truly," replied I, "your sense of hearing serves you in good stead, and fills up many of your deficiencies. But permit me to point out that your life in Lineland must be deplorably dull. To see nothing but a Point! Not even to be able to contemplate a Straight Line! Nay, not even to know what a Straight Line is! To see, yet be cut off from those Linear prospects which are vouchsafed to us in Flatland! Better surely to have no sense of sight at all than to see so little! I grant you I have not your discriminative faculty of hearing; for the concert of all Lineland which gives you such intense pleasure, is to me no better than a multitudinous twittering or chirping. But at least I can discern, by sight, a Line from a Point. And let me prove it. Just before I came into your kingdom, I saw you dancing from left to right, and then from right to left, with Seven Men and a Woman in your immediate proximity on the left, and eight Men and two Women on your right. Is not this correct?" "It is correct," said the King, "so far as the numbers and sexes are concerned, though I know not what you mean by 'right' and 'left'. But I deny that you saw these things. For how could you see the Line, that is to say the inside, of any Man? But you must have heard these things, and then dreamed that you saw them. And let me ask what you mean by those words 'left' and 'right'. I suppose it is your way of saying Northward and Southward." "Not so," replied I; "besides your motion of Northward and Southward, there is another motion which I call from right to left." KING. Exhibit to me, if you please, this motion from left to right. I. Nay, that I cannot do, unless you could step out of your Line altogether. KING. Out of my Line? Do you mean out of the world? Out of Space? I. Well, yes. Out of YOUR World. Out of YOUR Space. For your Space is not the true Space. True Space is a Plane; but your Space is only a Line. KING. If you cannot indicate this motion from left to right by yourself moving in it, then I beg you to describe it to me in words. I. If you cannot tell your right side from your left, I fear that no words of mine can make my meaning clear to you. But surely you cannot be ignorant of so simple a distinction. KING. I do not in the least understand you. I. Alas! How shall I make it clear? When you move straight on, does it not sometimes occur to you that you COULD move in some other way, turning your eye round so as to look in the direction towards which your side is now fronting? In other words, instead of always moving in the direction of one of your extremities, do you never feel a desire to move in the direction, so to speak, of your side? KING. Never. And what do you mean? How can a man's inside "front" in any direction? Or how can a man move in the direction of his inside? I. Well then, since words cannot explain the matter, I will try deeds, and will move gradually out of Lineland in the direction which I desire to indicate to you. At the word I began to move my body out of Lineland. As long as any part of me remained in his dominion and in his view, the King kept exclaiming, "I see you, I see you still; you are not moving." But when I had at last moved myself out of his Line, he cried in his shrillest voice, "She is vanished; she is dead." "I am not dead," replied I; "I am simply out of Lineland, that is to say, out of the Straight Line which you call Space, and in the true Space, where I can see things as they are. And at this moment I can see your Line, or side--or inside as you are pleased to call it; and I can see also the Men and Women on the North and South of you, whom I will now enumerate, describing their order, their size, and the interval between each." When I had done this at great length, I cried triumphantly, "Does that at last convince you?" And, with that, I once more entered Lineland, taking up the same position as before. But the Monarch replied, "If you were a Man of sense--though, as you appear to have only one voice I have little doubt you are not a Man but a Woman--but, if you had a particle of sense, you would listen to reason. You ask me to believe that there is another Line besides that which my senses indicate, and another motion besides that of which I am daily conscious. I, in return, ask you to describe in words or indicate by motion that other Line of which you speak. Instead of moving, you merely exercise some magic art of vanishing and returning to sight; and instead of any lucid description of your new World, you simply tell me the numbers and sizes of some forty of my retinue, facts known to any child in my capital. Can anything be more irrational or audacious? Acknowledge your folly or depart from my dominions." Furious at his perversity, and especially indignant that he professed to be ignorant of my sex, I retorted in no measured terms, "Besotted Being! You think yourself the perfection of existence, while you are in reality the most imperfect and imbecile. You profess to see, whereas you can see nothing but a Point! You plume yourself on inferring the existence of a Straight Line; but I CAN SEE Straight Lines, and infer the existence of Angles, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, and even Circles. Why waste more words? Suffice it that I am the completion of your incomplete self. You are a Line, but I am a Line of Lines, called in my country a Square: and even I, infinitely superior though I am to you, am of little account among the great nobles of Flatland, whence I have come to visit you, in the hope of enlightening your ignorance." Hearing these words the King advanced towards me with a menacing cry as if to pierce me through the diagonal; and in that same moment there arose from myriads of his subjects a multitudinous war-cry, increasing in vehemence till at last methought it rivalled the roar of an army of a hundred thousand Isosceles, and the artillery of a thousand Pentagons. Spell-bound and motionless, I could neither speak nor move to avert the impending destruction; and still the noise grew louder, and the King came closer, when I awoke to find the breakfast-bell recalling me to the realities of Flatland. Section 15. Concerning a Stranger from Spaceland From dreams I proceed to facts. It was the last day of the 1999th year of our era. The pattering of the rain had long ago announced nightfall; and I was sitting in the company of my wife, musing on the events of the past and the prospects of the coming year, the coming century, the coming Millennium. [Note: When I say "sitting", of course I do not mean any change of attitude such as you in Spaceland signify by that word; for as we have no feet, we can no more "sit" nor "stand" in your sense of the word than one of your soles or flounders. Nevertheless, we perfectly well recognize the different mental states of volition implied in "lying", "sitting", and "standing", which are to some extent indicated to a beholder by a slight increase of lustre corresponding to the increase of volition. But on this, and a thousand other kindred subjects, time forbids me to dwell.] My four Sons and two orphan Grandchildren had retired to their several apartments; and my wife alone remained with me to see the old Millennium out and the new one in. I was rapt in thought, pondering in my mind some words that had casually issued from the mouth of my youngest Grandson, a most promising young Hexagon of unusual brilliancy and perfect angularity. His uncles and I had been giving him his usual practical lesson in Sight Recognition, turning ourselves upon our centres, now rapidly, now more slowly, and questioning him as to our positions; and his answers had been so satisfactory that I had been induced to reward him by giving him a few hints on Arithmetic, as applied to Geometry. Taking nine Squares, each an inch every way, I had put them together so as to make one large Square, with a side of three inches, and I had hence proved to my little Grandson that--though it was impossible for us to SEE the inside of the Square--yet we might ascertain the number of square inches in a Square by simply squaring the number of inches in the side: "and thus," said I, "we know that 3^2, or 9, represents the number of square inches in a Square whose side is 3 inches long." The little Hexagon meditated on this a while and then said to me; "But you have been teaching me to raise numbers to the third power: I suppose 3^3 must mean something in Geometry; what does it mean?" "Nothing at all," replied I, "not at least in Geometry; for Geometry has only Two Dimensions." And then I began to shew the boy how a Point by moving through a length of three inches makes a Line of three inches, which may be represented by 3; and how a Line of three inches, moving parallel to itself through a length of three inches, makes a Square of three inches every way, which may be represented by 3^2. Upon this, my Grandson, again returning to his former suggestion, took me up rather suddenly and exclaimed, "Well, then, if a Point by moving three inches, makes a Line of three inches represented by 3; and if a straight Line of three inches, moving parallel to itself, makes a Square of three inches every way, represented by 3^2; it must be that a Square of three inches every way, moving somehow parallel to itself but I don't see how must make Something else but I don't see what of three inches every way--and this must be represented by 3^3." "Go to bed," said I, a little ruffled by this interruption: "if you would talk less nonsense, you would remember more sense." So my Grandson had disappeared in disgrace; and there I sat by my Wife's side, endeavouring to form a retrospect of the year 1999 and of the possibilities of the year 2000, but not quite able to shake off the thoughts suggested by the prattle of my bright little Hexagon. Only a few sands now remained in the half-hour glass. Rousing myself from my reverie I turned the glass Northward for the last time in the old Millennium; and in the act, I exclaimed aloud, "The boy is a fool." Straightway I became conscious of a Presence in the room, and a chilling breath thrilled through my very being. "He is no such thing," cried my Wife, "and you are breaking the Commandments in thus dishonouring your own Grandson." But I took no notice of her. Looking round in every direction I could see nothing; yet still I FELT a Presence, and shivered as the cold whisper came again. I started up. "What is the matter?" said my Wife, "there is no draught; what are you looking for? There is nothing." There was nothing; and I resumed my seat, again exclaiming, "The boy is a fool, I say; 3^3 can have no meaning in Geometry." At once there came a distinctly audible reply, "The boy is not a fool; and 3^3 has an obvious Geometrical meaning." My Wife as well as myself heard the words, although she did not understand their meaning, and both of us sprang forward in the direction of the sound. What was our horror when we saw before us a Figure! At the first glance it appeared to be a Woman, seen sideways; but a moment's observation shewed me that the extremities passed into dimness too rapidly to represent one of the Female Sex; and I should have thought it a Circle, only that it seemed to change its size in a manner impossible for a Circle or for any regular Figure of which I had had experience. But my Wife had not my experience, nor the coolness necessary to note these characteristics. With the usual hastiness and unreasoning jealousy of her Sex, she flew at once to the conclusion that a Woman had entered the house through some small aperture. "How comes this person here?" she exclaimed, "you promised me, my dear, that there should be no ventilators in our new house." "Nor are there any," said I; "but what makes you think that the stranger is a Woman? I see by my power of Sight Recognition----" "Oh, I have no patience with your Sight Recognition," replied she, "'Feeling is believing' and 'A Straight Line to the touch is worth a Circle to the sight'"--two Proverbs, very common with the Frailer Sex in Flatland. "Well," said I, for I was afraid of irritating her, "if it must be so, demand an introduction." Assuming her most gracious manner, my Wife advanced towards the Stranger, "Permit me, Madam, to feel and be felt by----" then, suddenly recoiling, "Oh! it is not a Woman, and there are no angles either, not a trace of one. Can it be that I have so misbehaved to a perfect Circle?" "I am indeed, in a certain sense a Circle," replied the Voice, "and a more perfect Circle than any in Flatland; but to speak more accurately, I am many Circles in one." Then he added more mildly, "I have a message, dear Madam, to your husband, which I must not deliver in your presence; and, if you would suffer us to retire for a few minutes----" But my Wife would not listen to the proposal that our august Visitor should so incommode himself, and assuring the Circle that the hour of her own retirement had long passed, with many reiterated apologies for her recent indiscretion, she at last retreated to her apartment. I glanced at the half-hour glass. The last sands had fallen. The third Millennium had begun. Section 16. How the Stranger vainly endeavoured to reveal to me in words the mysteries of Spaceland As soon as the sound of the Peace-cry of my departing Wife had died away, I began to approach the Stranger with the intention of taking a nearer view and of bidding him be seated: but his appearance struck me dumb and motionless with astonishment. Without the slightest symptoms of angularity he nevertheless varied every instant with gradations of size and brightness scarcely possible for any Figure within the scope of my experience. The thought flashed across me that I might have before me a burglar or cut-throat, some monstrous Irregular Isosceles, who, by feigning the voice of a Circle, had obtained admission somehow into the house, and was now preparing to stab me with his acute angle. In a sitting-room, the absence of Fog and the season happened to be remarkably dry, made it difficult for me to trust to Sight Recognition, especially at the short distance at which I was standing. Desperate with fear, I rushed forward with an unceremonious, "You must permit me, Sir--" and felt him. My Wife was right. There was not the trace of an angle, not the slightest roughness or inequality: never in my life had I met with a more perfect Circle. He remained motionless while I walked round him, beginning from his eye and returning to it again. Circular he was throughout, a perfectly satisfactory Circle; there could not be a doubt of it. Then followed a dialogue, which I will endeavour to set down as near as I can recollect it, omitting only some of my profuse apologies--for I was covered with shame and humiliation that I, a Square, should have been guilty of the impertinence of feeling a Circle. It was commenced by the Stranger with some impatience at the lengthiness of my introductory process. STRANGER. Have you felt me enough by this time? Are you not introduced to me yet? I. Most illustrious Sir, excuse my awkwardness, which arises not from ignorance of the usages of polite society, but from a little surprise and nervousness, consequent on this somewhat unexpected visit. And I beseech you to reveal my indiscretion to no one, and especially not to my Wife. But before your Lordship enters into further communications, would he deign to satisfy the curiosity of one who would gladly know whence his Visitor came? STRANGER. From Space, from Space, Sir: whence else? I. Pardon me, my Lord, but is not your Lordship already in Space, your Lordship and his humble servant, even at this moment? STRANGER. Pooh! what do you know of Space? Define Space. I. Space, my Lord, is height and breadth indefinitely prolonged. STRANGER. Exactly: you see you do not even know what Space is. You think it is of Two Dimensions only; but I have come to announce to you a Third--height, breadth, and length. I. Your Lordship is pleased to be merry. We also speak of length and height, or breadth and thickness, thus denoting Two Dimensions by four names. STRANGER. But I mean not only three names, but Three Dimensions. I. Would your Lordship indicate or explain to me in what direction is the Third Dimension, unknown to me? STRANGER. I came from it. It is up above and down below. I. My Lord means seemingly that it is Northward and Southward. STRANGER. I mean nothing of the kind. I mean a direction in which you cannot look, because you have no eye in your side. I. Pardon me, my Lord, a moment's inspection will convince your Lordship that I have a perfect luminary at the juncture of two of my sides. STRANGER. Yes: but in order to see into Space you ought to have an eye, not on your Perimeter, but on your side, that is, on what you would probably call your inside; but we in Spaceland should call it your side. I. An eye in my inside! An eye in my stomach! Your Lordship jests. STRANGER. I am in no jesting humour. I tell you that I come from Space, or, since you will not understand what Space means, from the Land of Three Dimensions whence I but lately looked down upon your Plane which you call Space forsooth. From that position of advantage I discerned all that you speak of as SOLID by which you mean "enclosed on four sides", your houses, your churches, your very chests and safes, yes even your insides and stomachs, all lying open and exposed to my view. I. Such assertions are easily made, my Lord. STRANGER. But not easily proved, you mean. But I mean to prove mine. When I descended here, I saw your four Sons, the Pentagons, each in his apartment, and your two Grandsons the Hexagons; I saw your youngest Hexagon remain a while with you and then retire to his room, leaving you and your Wife alone. I saw your Isosceles servants, three in number, in the kitchen at supper, and the little Page in the scullery. Then I came here, and how do you think I came? I. Through the roof, I suppose. STRANGER. Not so. Your roof, as you know very well, has been recently repaired, and has no aperture by which even a Woman could penetrate. I tell you I come from Space. Are you not convinced by what I have told you of your children and household? I. Your Lordship must be aware that such facts touching the belongings of his humble servant might be easily ascertained by any one in the neighbourhood possessing your Lordship's ample means of obtaining information. STRANGER. TO HIMSELF. What must I do? Stay; one more argument suggests itself to me. When you see a Straight Line--your wife, for example--how many Dimensions do you attribute to her? I. Your Lordship would treat me as if I were one of the vulgar who, being ignorant of Mathematics, suppose that a Woman is really a Straight Line, and only of One Dimension. No, no, my Lord; we Squares are better advised, and are as well aware as your Lordship that a Woman, though popularly called a Straight Line, is, really and scientifically, a very thin Parallelogram, possessing Two Dimensions, like the rest of us, viz., length and breadth or thickness. STRANGER. But the very fact that a Line is visible implies that it possesses yet another Dimension. I. My Lord, I have just acknowledged that a Woman is broad as well as long. We see her length, we infer her breadth; which, though very slight, is capable of measurement. STRANGER. You do not understand me. I mean that when you see a Woman, you ought--besides inferring her breadth--to see her length, and to SEE what we call her HEIGHT; although that last Dimension is infinitesimal in your country. If a Line were mere length without "height", it would cease to occupy Space and would become invisible. Surely you must recognize this? I. I must indeed confess that I do not in the least understand your Lordship. When we in Flatland see a Line, we see length and BRIGHTNESS. If the brightness disappears, the Line is extinguished, and, as you say, ceases to occupy Space. But am I to suppose that your Lordship gives to brightness the title of a Dimension, and that what we call "bright" you call "high"? STRANGER. No, indeed. By "height" I mean a Dimension like your length: only, with you, "height" is not so easily perceptible, being extremely small. I. My Lord, your assertion is easily put to the test. You say I have a Third Dimension, which you call "height". Now, Dimension implies direction and measurement. Do but measure my "height", or merely indicate to me the direction in which my "height" extends, and I will become your convert. Otherwise, your Lordship's own understanding must hold me excused. STRANGER. TO HIMSELF. I can do neither. How shall I convince him? Surely a plain statement of facts followed by ocular demonstration ought to suffice. --Now, Sir; listen to me. You are living on a Plane. What you style Flatland is the vast level surface of what I may call a fluid, on, or in, the top of which you and your countrymen move about, without rising above it or falling below it. I am not a plane Figure, but a Solid. You call me a Circle; but in reality I am not a Circle, but an infinite number of Circles, of size varying from a Point to a Circle of thirteen inches in diameter, one placed on the top of the other. When I cut through your plane as I am now doing, I make in your plane a section which you, very rightly, call a Circle. For even a Sphere--which is my proper name in my own country--if he manifest himself at all to an inhabitant of Flatland--must needs manifest himself as a Circle. Do you not remember--for I, who see all things, discerned last night the phantasmal vision of Lineland written upon your brain--do you not remember, I say, how, when you entered the realm of Lineland, you were compelled to manifest yourself to the King, not as a Square, but as a Line, because that Linear Realm had not Dimensions enough to represent the whole of you, but only a slice or section of you? In precisely the same way, your country of Two Dimensions is not spacious enough to represent me, a being of Three, but can only exhibit a slice or section of me, which is what you call a Circle. The diminished brightness of your eye indicates incredulity. But now prepare to receive proof positive of the truth of my assertions. You cannot indeed see more than one of my sections, or Circles, at a time; for you have no power to raise your eye out of the plane of Flatland; but you can at least see that, as I rise in Space, so my sections become smaller. See now, I will rise; and the effect upon your eye will be that my Circle will become smaller and smaller till it dwindles to a point and finally vanishes. There was no "rising" that I could see; but he diminished and finally vanished. I winked once or twice to make sure that I was not dreaming. But it was no dream. For from the depths of nowhere came forth a hollow voice--close to my heart it seemed--"Am I quite gone? Are you convinced now? Well, now I will gradually return to Flatland and you shall see my section become larger and larger." Every reader in Spaceland will easily understand that my mysterious Guest was speaking the language of truth and even of simplicity. But to me, proficient though I was in Flatland Mathematics, it was by no means a simple matter. The rough diagram given above will make it clear to any Spaceland child that the Sphere, ascending in the three positions indicated there, must needs have manifested himself to me, or to any Flatlander, as a Circle, at first of full size, then small, and at last very small indeed, approaching to a Point. But to me, although I saw the facts before me, the causes were as dark as ever. All that I could comprehend was, that the Circle had made himself smaller and vanished, and that he had now reappeared and was rapidly making himself larger. When he regained his original size, he heaved a deep sigh; for he perceived by my silence that I had altogether failed to comprehend him. And indeed I was now inclining to the belief that he must be no Circle at all, but some extremely clever juggler; or else that the old wives' tales were true, and that after all there were such people as Enchanters and Magicians. After a long pause he muttered to himself, "One resource alone remains, if I am not to resort to action. I must try the method of Analogy." Then followed a still longer silence, after which he continued our dialogue. SPHERE. Tell me, Mr. Mathematician; if a Point moves Northward, and leaves a luminous wake, what name would you give to the wake? I. A straight Line. SPHERE. And a straight Line has how many extremities? I. Two. SPHERE. Now conceive the Northward straight Line moving parallel to itself, East and West, so that every point in it leaves behind it the wake of a straight Line. What name will you give to the Figure thereby formed? We will suppose that it moves through a distance equal to the original straight Line. --What name, I say? I. A Square. SPHERE. And how many sides has a Square? How many angles? I. Four sides and four angles. SPHERE. Now stretch your imagination a little, and conceive a Square in Flatland, moving parallel to itself upward. I. What? Northward? SPHERE. No, not Northward; upward; out of Flatland altogether. If it moved Northward, the Southern points in the Square would have to move through the positions previously occupied by the Northern points. But that is not my meaning. I mean that every Point in you--for you are a Square and will serve the purpose of my illustration--every Point in you, that is to say in what you call your inside, is to pass upwards through Space in such a way that no Point shall pass through the position previously occupied by any other Point; but each Point shall describe a straight Line of its own. This is all in accordance with Analogy; surely it must be clear to you. Restraining my impatience--for I was now under a strong temptation to rush blindly at my Visitor and to precipitate him into Space, or out of Flatland, anywhere, so that I could get rid of him--I replied:-- "And what may be the nature of the Figure which I am to shape out by this motion which you are pleased to denote by the word 'upward'? I presume it is describable in the language of Flatland." SPHERE. Oh, certainly. It is all plain and simple, and in strict accordance with Analogy--only, by the way, you must not speak of the result as being a Figure, but as a Solid. But I will describe it to you. Or rather not I, but Analogy. We began with a single Point, which of course--being itself a Point--has only ONE terminal Point. One Point produces a Line with TWO terminal Points. One Line produces a Square with FOUR terminal Points. Now you can give yourself the answer to your own question: 1, 2, 4, are evidently in Geometrical Progression. What is the next number? I. Eight. SPHERE. Exactly. The one Square produces a SOMETHING-WHICH- YOU-DO-NOT-AS-YET-KNOW-A-NAME-FOR-BUT-WHICH-WE-CALL-A-CUBE with EIGHT terminal Points. Now are you convinced? I. And has this Creature sides, as well as angles or what you call "terminal Points"? SPHERE. Of course; and all according to Analogy. But, by the way, not what YOU call sides, but what WE call sides. You would call them SOLIDS. I. And how many solids or sides will appertain to this Being whom I am to generate by the motion of my inside in an "upward" direction, and whom you call a Cube? SPHERE. How can you ask? And you a mathematician! The side of anything is always, if I may so say, one Dimension behind the thing. Consequently, as there is no Dimension behind a Point, a Point has 0 sides; a Line, if I may say, has 2 sides for the Points of a Line may be called by courtesy, its sides; a Square has 4 sides; 0, 2, 4; what Progression do you call that? I. Arithmetical. SPHERE. And what is the next number? I. Six. SPHERE. Exactly. Then you see you have answered your own question. The Cube which you will generate will be bounded by six sides, that is to say, six of your insides. You see it all now, eh? "Monster," I shrieked, "be thou juggler, enchanter, dream, or devil, no more will I endure thy mockeries. Either thou or I must perish." And saying these words I precipitated myself upon him. Section 17. How the Sphere, having in vain tried words, resorted to deeds It was in vain. I brought my hardest right angle into violent collision with the Stranger, pressing on him with a force sufficient to have destroyed any ordinary Circle: but I could feel him slowly and unarrestably slipping from my contact; no edging to the right nor to the left, but moving somehow out of the world, and vanishing to nothing. Soon there was a blank. But still I heard the Intruder's voice. SPHERE. Why will you refuse to listen to reason? I had hoped to find in you--as being a man of sense and an accomplished mathematician--a fit apostle for the Gospel of the Three Dimensions, which I am allowed to preach once only in a thousand years: but now I know not how to convince you. Stay, I have it. Deeds, and not words, shall proclaim the truth. Listen, my friend. I have told you I can see from my position in Space the inside of all things that you consider closed. For example, I see in yonder cupboard near which you are standing, several of what you call boxes but like everything else in Flatland, they have no tops nor bottoms full of money; I see also two tablets of accounts. I am about to descend into that cupboard and to bring you one of those tablets. I saw you lock the cupboard half an hour ago, and I know you have the key in your possession. But I descend from Space; the doors, you see, remain unmoved. Now I am in the cupboard and am taking the tablet. Now I have it. Now I ascend with it. I rushed to the closet and dashed the door open. One of the tablets was gone. With a mocking laugh, the Stranger appeared in the other corner of the room, and at the same time the tablet appeared upon the floor. I took it up. There could be no doubt--it was the missing tablet. I groaned with horror, doubting whether I was not out of my senses; but the Stranger continued: "Surely you must now see that my explanation, and no other, suits the phenomena. What you call Solid things are really superficial; what you call Space is really nothing but a great Plane. I am in Space, and look down upon the insides of the things of which you only see the outsides. You could leave this Plane yourself, if you could but summon up the necessary volition. A slight upward or downward motion would enable you to see all that I can see. "The higher I mount, and the further I go from your Plane, the more I can see, though of course I see it on a smaller scale. For example, I am ascending; now I can see your neighbour the Hexagon and his family in their several apartments; now I see the inside of the Theatre, ten doors off, from which the audience is only just departing; and on the other side a Circle in his study, sitting at his books. Now I shall come back to you. And, as a crowning proof, what do you say to my giving you a touch, just the least touch, in your stomach? It will not seriously injure you, and the slight pain you may suffer cannot be compared with the mental benefit you will receive." Before I could utter a word of remonstrance, I felt a shooting pain in my inside, and a demoniacal laugh seemed to issue from within me. A moment afterwards the sharp agony had ceased, leaving nothing but a dull ache behind, and the Stranger began to reappear, saying, as he gradually increased in size, "There, I have not hurt you much, have I? If you are not convinced now, I don't know what will convince you. What say you?" My resolution was taken. It seemed intolerable that I should endure existence subject to the arbitrary visitations of a Magician who could thus play tricks with one's very stomach. If only I could in any way manage to pin him against the wall till help came! Once more I dashed my hardest angle against him, at the same time alarming the whole household by my cries for aid. I believe, at the moment of my onset, the Stranger had sunk below our Plane, and really found difficulty in rising. In any case he remained motionless, while I, hearing, as I thought, the sound of some help approaching, pressed against him with redoubled vigour, and continued to shout for assistance. A convulsive shudder ran through the Sphere. "This must not be," I thought I heard him say: "either he must listen to reason, or I must have recourse to the last resource of civilization." Then, addressing me in a louder tone, he hurriedly exclaimed, "Listen: no stranger must witness what you have witnessed. Send your Wife back at once, before she enters the apartment. The Gospel of Three Dimensions must not be thus frustrated. Not thus must the fruits of one thousand years of waiting be thrown away. I hear her coming. Back! back! Away from me, or you must go with me--whither you know not--into the Land of Three Dimensions!" "Fool! Madman! Irregular!" I exclaimed; "never will I release thee; thou shalt pay the penalty of thine impostures." "Ha! Is it come to this?" thundered the Stranger: "then meet your fate: out of your Plane you go. Once, twice, thrice! 'Tis done!" Section 18. How I came to Spaceland, and what I saw there An unspeakable horror seized me. There was a darkness; then a dizzy, sickening sensation of sight that was not like seeing; I saw a Line that was no Line; Space that was not Space: I was myself, and not myself. When I could find voice, I shrieked aloud in agony, "Either this is madness or it is Hell." "It is neither," calmly replied the voice of the Sphere, "it is Knowledge; it is Three Dimensions: open your eye once again and try to look steadily." I looked, and, behold, a new world! There stood before me, visibly incorporate, all that I had before inferred, conjectured, dreamed, of perfect Circular beauty. What seemed the centre of the Stranger's form lay open to my view: yet I could see no heart, nor lungs, nor arteries, only a beautiful harmonious Something--for which I had no words; but you, my Readers in Spaceland, would call it the surface of the Sphere. Prostrating myself mentally before my Guide, I cried, "How is it, O divine ideal of consummate loveliness and wisdom that I see thy inside, and yet cannot discern thy heart, thy lungs, thy arteries, thy liver?" "What you think you see, you see not," he replied; "it is not given to you, nor to any other Being to behold my internal parts. I am of a different order of Beings from those in Flatland. Were I a Circle, you could discern my intestines, but I am a Being, composed as I told you before, of many Circles, the Many in the One, called in this country a Sphere. And, just as the outside of a Cube is a Square, so the outside of a Sphere presents the appearance of a Circle." Bewildered though I was by my Teacher's enigmatic utterance, I no longer chafed against it, but worshipped him in silent adoration. He continued, with more mildness in his voice. "Distress not yourself if you cannot at first understand the deeper mysteries of Spaceland. By degrees they will dawn upon you. Let us begin by casting back a glance at the region whence you came. Return with me a while to the plains of Flatland, and I will shew you that which you have often reasoned and thought about, but never seen with the sense of sight--a visible angle." "Impossible!" I cried; but, the Sphere leading the way, I followed as if in a dream, till once more his voice arrested me: "Look yonder, and behold your own Pentagonal house, and all its inmates." I looked below, and saw with my physical eye all that domestic individuality which I had hitherto merely inferred with the understanding. And how poor and shadowy was the inferred conjecture in comparison with the reality which I now beheld! My four Sons calmly asleep in the North-Western rooms, my two orphan Grandsons to the South; the Servants, the Butler, my Daughter, all in their several apartments. Only my affectionate Wife, alarmed by my continued absence, had quitted her room and was roving up and down in the Hall, anxiously awaiting my return. Also the Page, aroused by my cries, had left his room, and under pretext of ascertaining whether I had fallen somewhere in a faint, was prying into the cabinet in my study. All this I could now SEE, not merely infer; and as we came nearer and nearer, I could discern even the contents of my cabinet, and the two chests of gold, and the tablets of which the Sphere had made mention. Touched by my Wife's distress, I would have sprung downward to reassure her, but I found myself incapable of motion. "Trouble not yourself about your Wife," said my Guide: "she will not be long left in anxiety; meantime, let us take a survey of Flatland." Once more I felt myself rising through space. It was even as the Sphere had said. The further we receded from the object we beheld, the larger became the field of vision. My native city, with the interior of every house and every creature therein, lay open to my view in miniature. We mounted higher, and lo, the secrets of the earth, the depths of mines and inmost caverns of the hills, were bared before me. Awestruck at the sight of the mysteries of the earth, thus unveiled before my unworthy eye, I said to my Companion, "Behold, I am become as a God. For the wise men in our country say that to see all things, or as they express it, OMNIVIDENCE, is the attribute of God alone." There was something of scorn in the voice of my Teacher as he made answer: "Is it so indeed? Then the very pick-pockets and cut-throats of my country are to be worshipped by your wise men as being Gods: for there is not one of them that does not see as much as you see now. But trust me, your wise men are wrong." I. Then is omnividence the attribute of others besides Gods? SPHERE. I do not know. But, if a pick-pocket or a cut-throat of our country can see everything that is in your country, surely that is no reason why the pick-pocket or cut-throat should be accepted by you as a God. This omnividence, as you call it--it is not a common word in Spaceland--does it make you more just, more merciful, less selfish, more loving? Not in the least. Then how does it make you more divine? I. "More merciful, more loving!" But these are the qualities of women! And we know that a Circle is a higher Being than a Straight Line, in so far as knowledge and wisdom are more to be esteemed than mere affection. SPHERE. It is not for me to classify human faculties according to merit. Yet many of the best and wisest in Spaceland think more of the affections than of the understanding, more of your despised Straight Lines than of your belauded Circles. But enough of this. Look yonder. Do you know that building? I looked, and afar off I saw an immense Polygonal structure, in which I recognized the General Assembly Hall of the States of Flatland, surrounded by dense lines of Pentagonal buildings at right angles to each other, which I knew to be streets; and I perceived that I was approaching the great Metropolis. "Here we descend," said my Guide. It was now morning, the first hour of the first day of the two thousandth year of our era. Acting, as was their wont, in strict accordance with precedent, the highest Circles of the realm were meeting in solemn conclave, as they had met on the first hour of the first day of the year 1000, and also on the first hour of the first day of the year 0. The minutes of the previous meetings were now read by one whom I at once recognized as my brother, a perfectly Symmetrical Square, and the Chief Clerk of the High Council. It was found recorded on each occasion that: "Whereas the States had been troubled by divers ill-intentioned persons pretending to have received revelations from another World, and professing to produce demonstrations whereby they had instigated to frenzy both themselves and others, it had been for this cause unanimously resolved by the Grand Council that on the first day of each millenary, special injunctions be sent to the Prefects in the several districts of Flatland, to make strict search for such misguided persons, and without formality of mathematical examination, to destroy all such as were Isosceles of any degree, to scourge and imprison any regular Triangle, to cause any Square or Pentagon to be sent to the district Asylum, and to arrest any one of higher rank, sending him straightway to the Capital to be examined and judged by the Council." "You hear your fate," said the Sphere to me, while the Council was passing for the third time the formal resolution. "Death or imprisonment awaits the Apostle of the Gospel of Three Dimensions." "Not so," replied I, "the matter is now so clear to me, the nature of real space so palpable, that methinks I could make a child understand it. Permit me but to descend at this moment and enlighten them." "Not yet," said my Guide, "the time will come for that. Meantime I must perform my mission. Stay thou there in thy place." Saying these words, he leaped with great dexterity into the sea if I may so call it of Flatland, right in the midst of the ring of Counsellors. "I come," cried he, "to proclaim that there is a land of Three Dimensions." I could see many of the younger Counsellors start back in manifest horror, as the Sphere's circular section widened before them. But on a sign from the presiding Circle--who shewed not the slightest alarm or surprise--six Isosceles of a low type from six different quarters rushed upon the Sphere. "We have him," they cried; "No; yes; we have him still! he's going! he's gone!" "My Lords," said the President to the Junior Circles of the Council, "there is not the slightest need for surprise; the secret archives, to which I alone have access, tell me that a similar occurrence happened on the last two millennial commencements. You will, of course, say nothing of these trifles outside the Cabinet." Raising his voice, he now summoned the guards. "Arrest the policemen; gag them. You know your duty." After he had consigned to their fate the wretched policemen--ill-fated and unwilling witnesses of a State-secret which they were not to be permitted to reveal--he again addressed the Counsellors. "My Lords, the business of the Council being concluded, I have only to wish you a happy New Year." Before departing, he expressed, at some length, to the Clerk, my excellent but most unfortunate brother, his sincere regret that, in accordance with precedent and for the sake of secrecy, he must condemn him to perpetual imprisonment, but added his satisfaction that, unless some mention were made by him of that day's incident, his life would be spared. Section 19. How, though the Sphere shewed me other mysteries of Spaceland, I still desired more; and what came of it When I saw my poor brother led away to imprisonment, I attempted to leap down into the Council Chamber, desiring to intercede on his behalf, or at least bid him farewell. But I found that I had no motion of my own. I absolutely depended on the volition of my Guide, who said in gloomy tones, "Heed not thy brother; haply thou shalt have ample time hereafter to condole with him. Follow me." Once more we ascended into space. "Hitherto," said the Sphere, "I have shewn you naught save Plane Figures and their interiors. Now I must introduce you to Solids, and reveal to you the plan upon which they are constructed. Behold this multitude of moveable square cards. See, I put one on another, not, as you supposed, Northward of the other, but ON the other. Now a second, now a third. See, I am building up a Solid by a multitude of Squares parallel to one another. Now the Solid is complete, being as high as it is long and broad, and we call it a Cube." "Pardon me, my Lord," replied I; "but to my eye the appearance is as of an Irregular Figure whose inside is laid open to the view; in other words, methinks I see no Solid, but a Plane such as we infer in Flatland; only of an Irregularity which betokens some monstrous criminal, so that the very sight of it is painful to my eyes." "True," said the Sphere, "it appears to you a Plane, because you are not accustomed to light and shade and perspective; just as in Flatland a Hexagon would appear a Straight Line to one who has not the Art of Sight Recognition. But in reality it is a Solid, as you shall learn by the sense of Feeling." He then introduced me to the Cube, and I found that this marvellous Being was indeed no Plane, but a Solid; and that he was endowed with six plane sides and eight terminal points called solid angles; and I remembered the saying of the Sphere that just such a Creature as this would be formed by a Square moving, in Space, parallel to himself: and I rejoiced to think that so insignificant a Creature as I could in some sense be called the Progenitor of so illustrious an offspring. But still I could not fully understand the meaning of what my Teacher had told me concerning "light" and "shade" and "perspective"; and I did not hesitate to put my difficulties before him. Were I to give the Sphere's explanation of these matters, succinct and clear though it was, it would be tedious to an inhabitant of Space, who knows these things already. Suffice it, that by his lucid statements, and by changing the position of objects and lights, and by allowing me to feel the several objects and even his own sacred Person, he at last made all things clear to me, so that I could now readily distinguish between a Circle and a Sphere, a Plane Figure and a Solid. This was the Climax, the Paradise, of my strange eventful History. Henceforth I have to relate the story of my miserable Fall:--most miserable, yet surely most undeserved! For why should the thirst for knowledge be aroused, only to be disappointed and punished? My volition shrinks from the painful task of recalling my humiliation; yet, like a second Prometheus, I will endure this and worse, if by any means I may arouse in the interiors of Plane and Solid Humanity a spirit of rebellion against the Conceit which would limit our Dimensions to Two or Three or any number short of Infinity. Away then with all personal considerations! Let me continue to the end, as I began, without further digressions or anticipations, pursuing the plain path of dispassionate History. The exact facts, the exact words,--and they are burnt in upon my brain,--shall be set down without alteration of an iota; and let my Readers judge between me and Destiny. The Sphere would willingly have continued his lessons by indoctrinating me in the conformation of all regular Solids, Cylinders, Cones, Pyramids, Pentahedrons, Hexahedrons, Dodecahedrons, and Spheres: but I ventured to interrupt him. Not that I was wearied of knowledge. On the contrary, I thirsted for yet deeper and fuller draughts than he was offering to me. "Pardon me," said I, "O Thou Whom I must no longer address as the Perfection of all Beauty; but let me beg thee to vouchsafe thy servant a sight of thine interior." SPHERE. My what? I. Thine interior: thy stomach, thy intestines. SPHERE. Whence this ill-timed impertinent request? And what mean you by saying that I am no longer the Perfection of all Beauty? I. My Lord, your own wisdom has taught me to aspire to One even more great, more beautiful, and more closely approximate to Perfection than yourself. As you yourself, superior to all Flatland forms, combine many Circles in One, so doubtless there is One above you who combines many Spheres in One Supreme Existence, surpassing even the Solids of Spaceland. And even as we, who are now in Space, look down on Flatland and see the insides of all things, so of a certainty there is yet above us some higher, purer region, whither thou dost surely purpose to lead me--O Thou Whom I shall always call, everywhere and in all Dimensions, my Priest, Philosopher, and Friend--some yet more spacious Space, some more dimensionable Dimensionality, from the vantage-ground of which we shall look down together upon the revealed insides of Solid things, and where thine own intestines, and those of thy kindred Spheres, will lie exposed to the view of the poor wandering exile from Flatland, to whom so much has already been vouchsafed. SPHERE. Pooh! Stuff! Enough of this trifling! The time is short, and much remains to be done before you are fit to proclaim the Gospel of Three Dimensions to your blind benighted countrymen in Flatland. I. Nay, gracious Teacher, deny me not what I know it is in thy power to perform. Grant me but one glimpse of thine interior, and I am satisfied for ever, remaining henceforth thy docile pupil, thy unemancipable slave, ready to receive all thy teachings and to feed upon the words that fall from thy lips. SPHERE. Well, then, to content and silence you, let me say at once, I would shew you what you wish if I could; but I cannot. Would you have me turn my stomach inside out to oblige you? I. But my Lord has shewn me the intestines of all my countrymen in the Land of Two Dimensions by taking me with him into the Land of Three. What therefore more easy than now to take his servant on a second journey into the blessed region of the Fourth Dimension, where I shall look down with him once more upon this land of Three Dimensions, and see the inside of every three-dimensioned house, the secrets of the solid earth, the treasures of the mines in Spaceland, and the intestines of every solid living creature, even of the noble and adorable Spheres. SPHERE. But where is this land of Four Dimensions? I. I know not: but doubtless my Teacher knows. SPHERE. Not I. There is no such land. The very idea of it is utterly inconceivable. I. Not inconceivable, my Lord, to me, and therefore still less inconceivable to my Master. Nay, I despair not that, even here, in this region of Three Dimensions, your Lordship's art may make the Fourth Dimension visible to me; just as in the Land of Two Dimensions my Teacher's skill would fain have opened the eyes of his blind servant to the invisible presence of a Third Dimension, though I saw it not. Let me recall the past. Was I not taught below that when I saw a Line and inferred a Plane, I in reality saw a Third unrecognized Dimension, not the same as brightness, called "height"? And does it not now follow that, in this region, when I see a Plane and infer a Solid, I really see a Fourth unrecognized Dimension, not the same as colour, but existent, though infinitesimal and incapable of measurement? And besides this, there is the Argument from Analogy of Figures. SPHERE. Analogy! Nonsense: what analogy? I. Your Lordship tempts his servant to see whether he remembers the revelations imparted to him. Trifle not with me, my Lord; I crave, I thirst, for more knowledge. Doubtless we cannot SEE that other higher Spaceland now, because we we have no eye in our stomachs. But, just as there WAS the realm of Flatland, though that poor puny Lineland Monarch could neither turn to left nor right to discern it, and just as there WAS close at hand, and touching my frame, the land of Three Dimensions, though I, blind senseless wretch, had no power to touch it, no eye in my interior to discern it, so of a surety there is a Fourth Dimension, which my Lord perceives with the inner eye of thought. And that it must exist my Lord himself has taught me. Or can he have forgotten what he himself imparted to his servant? In One Dimension, did not a moving Point produce a Line with TWO terminal points? In Two Dimensions, did not a moving Line produce a Square with FOUR terminal points? In Three Dimensions, did not a moving Square produce--did not this eye of mine behold it--that blessed Being, a Cube, with EIGHT terminal points? And in Four Dimensions shall not a moving Cube--alas, for Analogy, and alas for the Progress of Truth, if it be not so--shall not, I say, the motion of a divine Cube result in a still more divine Organization with SIXTEEN terminal points? Behold the infallible confirmation of the Series, 2, 4, 8, 16: is not this a Geometrical Progression? Is not this--if I might quote my Lord's own words--"strictly according to Analogy"? Again, was I not taught by my Lord that as in a Line there are TWO bounding Points, and in a Square there are FOUR bounding Lines, so in a Cube there must be SIX bounding Squares? Behold once more the confirming Series, 2, 4, 6: is not this an Arithmetical Progression? And consequently does it not of necessity follow that the more divine offspring of the divine Cube in the Land of Four Dimensions, must have 8 bounding Cubes: and is not this also, as my Lord has taught me to believe, "strictly according to Analogy"? O, my Lord, my Lord, behold, I cast myself in faith upon conjecture, not knowing the facts; and I appeal to your Lordship to confirm or deny my logical anticipations. If I am wrong, I yield, and will no longer demand a fourth Dimension; but, if I am right, my Lord will listen to reason. I ask therefore, is it, or is it not, the fact, that ere now your countrymen also have witnessed the descent of Beings of a higher order than their own, entering closed rooms, even as your Lordship entered mine, without the opening of doors or windows, and appearing and vanishing at will? On the reply to this question I am ready to stake everything. Deny it, and I am henceforth silent. Only vouchsafe an answer. SPHERE. AFTER A PAUSE. It is reported so. But men are divided in opinion as to the facts. And even granting the facts, they explain them in different ways. And in any case, however great may be the number of different explanations, no one has adopted or suggested the theory of a Fourth Dimension. Therefore, pray have done with this trifling, and let us return to business. I. I was certain of it. I was certain that my anticipations would be fulfilled. And now have patience with me and answer me yet one more question, best of Teachers! Those who have thus appeared--no one knows whence--and have returned--no one knows whither--have they also contracted their sections and vanished somehow into that more Spacious Space, whither I now entreat you to conduct me? SPHERE MOODILY. They have vanished, certainly--if they ever appeared. But most people say that these visions arose from the thought--you will not understand me--from the brain; from the perturbed angularity of the Seer. I. Say they so? Oh, believe them not. Or if it indeed be so, that this other Space is really Thoughtland, then take me to that blessed Region where I in Thought shall see the insides of all solid things. There, before my ravished eye, a Cube, moving in some altogether new direction, but strictly according to Analogy, so as to make every particle of his interior pass through a new kind of Space, with a wake of its own--shall create a still more perfect perfection than himself, with sixteen terminal Extra-solid angles, and Eight solid Cubes for his Perimeter. And once there, shall we stay our upward course? In that blessed region of Four Dimensions, shall we linger on the threshold of the Fifth, and not enter therein? Ah, no! Let us rather resolve that our ambition shall soar with our corporal ascent. Then, yielding to our intellectual onset, the gates of the Sixth Dimension shall fly open; after that a Seventh, and then an Eighth-- How long I should have continued I know not. In vain did the Sphere, in his voice of thunder, reiterate his command of silence, and threaten me with the direst penalties if I persisted. Nothing could stem the flood of my ecstatic aspirations. Perhaps I was to blame; but indeed I was intoxicated with the recent draughts of Truth to which he himself had introduced me. However, the end was not long in coming. My words were cut short by a crash outside, and a simultaneous crash inside me, which impelled me through space with a velocity that precluded speech. Down! down! down! I was rapidly descending; and I knew that return to Flatland was my doom. One glimpse, one last and never-to-be-forgotten glimpse I had of that dull level wilderness--which was now to become my Universe again--spread out before my eye. Then a darkness. Then a final, all-consummating thunder-peal; and, when I came to myself, I was once more a common creeping Square, in my Study at home, listening to the Peace-Cry of my approaching Wife. Section 20. How the Sphere encouraged me in a Vision Although I had less than a minute for reflection, I felt, by a kind of instinct, that I must conceal my experiences from my Wife. Not that I apprehended, at the moment, any danger from her divulging my secret, but I knew that to any Woman in Flatland the narrative of my adventures must needs be unintelligible. So I endeavoured to reassure her by some story, invented for the occasion, that I had accidentally fallen through the trap-door of the cellar, and had there lain stunned. The Southward attraction in our country is so slight that even to a Woman my tale necessarily appeared extraordinary and well-nigh incredible; but my Wife, whose good sense far exceeds that of the average of her Sex, and who perceived that I was unusually excited, did not argue with me on the subject, but insisted that I was ill and required repose. I was glad of an excuse for retiring to my chamber to think quietly over what had happened. When I was at last by myself, a drowsy sensation fell on me; but before my eyes closed I endeavoured to reproduce the Third Dimension, and especially the process by which a Cube is constructed through the motion of a Square. It was not so clear as I could have wished; but I remembered that it must be "Upward, and yet not Northward", and I determined steadfastly to retain these words as the clue which, if firmly grasped, could not fail to guide me to the solution. So mechanically repeating, like a charm, the words, "Upward, yet not Northward", I fell into a sound refreshing sleep. During my slumber I had a dream. I thought I was once more by the side of the Sphere, whose lustrous hue betokened that he had exchanged his wrath against me for perfect placability. We were moving together towards a bright but infinitesimally small Point, to which my Master directed my attention. As we approached, methought there issued from it a slight humming noise as from one of your Spaceland bluebottles, only less resonant by far, so slight indeed that even in the perfect stillness of the Vacuum through which we soared, the sound reached not our ears till we checked our flight at a distance from it of something under twenty human diagonals. "Look yonder," said my Guide, "in Flatland thou hast lived; of Lineland thou hast received a vision; thou hast soared with me to the heights of Spaceland; now, in order to complete the range of thy experience, I conduct thee downward to the lowest depth of existence, even to the realm of Pointland, the Abyss of No dimensions. "Behold yon miserable creature. That Point is a Being like ourselves, but confined to the non-dimensional Gulf. He is himself his own World, his own Universe; of any other than himself he can form no conception; he knows not Length, nor Breadth, nor Height, for he has had no experience of them; he has no cognizance even of the number Two; nor has he a thought of Plurality; for he is himself his One and All, being really Nothing. Yet mark his perfect self-contentment, and hence learn this lesson, that to be self-contented is to be vile and ignorant, and that to aspire is better than to be blindly and impotently happy. Now listen." He ceased; and there arose from the little buzzing creature a tiny, low, monotonous, but distinct tinkling, as from one of your Spaceland phonographs, from which I caught these words, "Infinite beatitude of existence! It is; and there is none else beside It." "What," said I, "does the puny creature mean by 'it'?" "He means himself," said the Sphere: "have you not noticed before now, that babies and babyish people who cannot distinguish themselves from the world, speak of themselves in the Third Person? But hush!" "It fills all Space," continued the little soliloquizing Creature, "and what It fills, It is. What It thinks, that It utters; and what It utters, that It hears; and It itself is Thinker, Utterer, Hearer, Thought, Word, Audition; it is the One, and yet the All in All. Ah, the happiness ah, the happiness of Being!" "Can you not startle the little thing out of its complacency?" said I. "Tell it what it really is, as you told me; reveal to it the narrow limitations of Pointland, and lead it up to something higher." "That is no easy task," said my Master; "try you." Hereon, raising my voice to the uttermost, I addressed the Point as follows: "Silence, silence, contemptible Creature. You call yourself the All in All, but you are the Nothing: your so-called Universe is a mere speck in a Line, and a Line is a mere shadow as compared with--" "Hush, hush, you have said enough," interrupted the Sphere, "now listen, and mark the effect of your harangue on the King of Pointland." The lustre of the Monarch, who beamed more brightly than ever upon hearing my words, shewed clearly that he retained his complacency; and I had hardly ceased when he took up his strain again. "Ah, the joy, ah, the joy of Thought! What can It not achieve by thinking! Its own Thought coming to Itself, suggestive of Its disparagement, thereby to enhance Its happiness! Sweet rebellion stirred up to result in triumph! Ah, the divine creative power of the All in One! Ah, the joy, the joy of Being!" "You see," said my Teacher, "how little your words have done. So far as the Monarch understands them at all, he accepts them as his own--for he cannot conceive of any other except himself--and plumes himself upon the variety of 'Its Thought' as an instance of creative Power. Let us leave this God of Pointland to the ignorant fruition of his omnipresence and omniscience: nothing that you or I can do can rescue him from his self-satisfaction." After this, as we floated gently back to Flatland, I could hear the mild voice of my Companion pointing the moral of my vision, and stimulating me to aspire, and to teach others to aspire. He had been angered at first--he confessed--by my ambition to soar to Dimensions above the Third; but, since then, he had received fresh insight, and he was not too proud to acknowledge his error to a Pupil. Then he proceeded to initiate me into mysteries yet higher than those I had witnessed, shewing me how to construct Extra-Solids by the motion of Solids, and Double Extra-Solids by the motion of Extra-Solids, and all "strictly according to Analogy", all by methods so simple, so easy, as to be patent even to the Female Sex. Section 21. How I tried to teach the Theory of Three Dimensions to my Grandson, and with what success I awoke rejoicing, and began to reflect on the glorious career before me. I would go forth, methought, at once, and evangelize the whole of Flatland. Even to Women and Soldiers should the Gospel of Three Dimensions be proclaimed. I would begin with my Wife. Just as I had decided on the plan of my operations, I heard the sound of many voices in the street commanding silence. Then followed a louder voice. It was a herald's proclamation. Listening attentively, I recognized the words of the Resolution of the Council, enjoining the arrest, imprisonment, or execution of any one who should pervert the minds of the people by delusions, and by professing to have received revelations from another World. I reflected. This danger was not to be trifled with. It would be better to avoid it by omitting all mention of my Revelation, and by proceeding on the path of Demonstration--which after all, seemed so simple and so conclusive that nothing would be lost by discarding the former means. "Upward, not Northward"--was the clue to the whole proof. It had seemed to me fairly clear before I fell asleep; and when I first awoke, fresh from my dream, it had appeared as patent as Arithmetic; but somehow it did not seem to me quite so obvious now. Though my Wife entered the room opportunely just at that moment, I decided, after we had exchanged a few words of commonplace conversation, not to begin with her. My Pentagonal Sons were men of character and standing, and physicians of no mean reputation, but not great in mathematics, and, in that respect, unfit for my purpose. But it occurred to me that a young and docile Hexagon, with a mathematical turn, would be a most suitable pupil. Why therefore not make my first experiment with my little precocious Grandson, whose casual remarks on the meaning of 3^3 had met with the approval of the Sphere? Discussing the matter with him, a mere boy, I should be in perfect safety; for he would know nothing of the Proclamation of the Council; whereas I could not feel sure that my Sons--so greatly did their patriotism and reverence for the Circles predominate over mere blind affection--might not feel compelled to hand me over to the Prefect, if they found me seriously maintaining the seditious heresy of the Third Dimension. But the first thing to be done was to satisfy in some way the curiosity of my Wife, who naturally wished to know something of the reasons for which the Circle had desired that mysterious interview, and of the means by which he had entered the house. Without entering into the details of the elaborate account I gave her,--an account, I fear, not quite so consistent with truth as my Readers in Spaceland might desire,--I must be content with saying that I succeeded at last in persuading her to return quietly to her household duties without eliciting from me any reference to the World of Three Dimensions. This done, I immediately sent for my Grandson; for, to confess the truth, I felt that all that I had seen and heard was in some strange way slipping away from me, like the image of a half-grasped, tantalizing dream, and I longed to essay my skill in making a first disciple. When my Grandson entered the room I carefully secured the door. Then, sitting down by his side and taking our mathematical tablets,--or, as you would call them, Lines--I told him we would resume the lesson of yesterday. I taught him once more how a Point by motion in One Dimension produces a Line, and how a straight Line in Two Dimensions produces a Square. After this, forcing a laugh, I said, "And now, you scamp, you wanted to make me believe that a Square may in the same way by motion 'Upward, not Northward' produce another figure, a sort of extra Square in Three Dimensions. Say that again, you young rascal." At this moment we heard once more the herald's "O yes! O yes!" outside in the street proclaiming the Resolution of the Council. Young though he was, my Grandson--who was unusually intelligent for his age, and bred up in perfect reverence for the authority of the Circles--took in the situation with an acuteness for which I was quite unprepared. He remained silent till the last words of the Proclamation had died away, and then, bursting into tears, "Dear Grandpapa," he said, "that was only my fun, and of course I meant nothing at all by it; and we did not know anything then about the new Law; and I don't think I said anything about the Third Dimension; and I am sure I did not say one word about 'Upward, not Northward', for that would be such nonsense, you know. How could a thing move Upward, and not Northward? Upward and not Northward! Even if I were a baby, I could not be so absurd as that. How silly it is! Ha! ha! ha!" "Not at all silly," said I, losing my temper; "here for example, I take this Square," and, at the word, I grasped a moveable Square, which was lying at hand--"and I move it, you see, not Northward but--yes, I move it Upward--that is to say, not Northward, but I move it somewhere--not exactly like this, but somehow--" Here I brought my sentence to an inane conclusion, shaking the Square about in a purposeless manner, much to the amusement of my Grandson, who burst out laughing louder than ever, and declared that I was not teaching him, but joking with him; and so saying he unlocked the door and ran out of the room. Thus ended my first attempt to convert a pupil to the Gospel of Three Dimensions. Section 22. How I then tried to diffuse the Theory of Three Dimensions by other means, and of the result My failure with my Grandson did not encourage me to communicate my secret to others of my household; yet neither was I led by it to despair of success. Only I saw that I must not wholly rely on the catch-phrase, "Upward, not Northward", but must rather endeavour to seek a demonstration by setting before the public a clear view of the whole subject; and for this purpose it seemed necessary to resort to writing. So I devoted several months in privacy to the composition of a treatise on the mysteries of Three Dimensions. Only, with the view of evading the Law, if possible, I spoke not of a physical Dimension, but of a Thoughtland whence, in theory, a Figure could look down upon Flatland and see simultaneously the insides of all things, and where it was possible that there might be supposed to exist a Figure environed, as it were, with six Squares, and containing eight terminal Points. But in writing this book I found myself sadly hampered by the impossibility of drawing such diagrams as were necessary for my purpose; for of course, in our country of Flatland, there are no tablets but Lines, and no diagrams but Lines, all in one straight Line and only distinguishable by difference of size and brightness; so that, when I had finished my treatise which I entitled, "Through Flatland to Thoughtland" I could not feel certain that many would understand my meaning. Meanwhile my life was under a cloud. All pleasures palled upon me; all sights tantalized and tempted me to outspoken treason, because I could not but compare what I saw in Two Dimensions with what it really was if seen in Three, and could hardly refrain from making my comparisons aloud. I neglected my clients and my own business to give myself to the contemplation of the mysteries which I had once beheld, yet which I could impart to no one, and found daily more difficult to reproduce even before my own mental vision. One day, about eleven months after my return from Spaceland, I tried to see a Cube with my eye closed, but failed; and though I succeeded afterwards, I was not then quite certain nor have I been ever afterwards that I had exactly realized the original. This made me more melancholy than before, and determined me to take some step; yet what, I knew not. I felt that I would have been willing to sacrifice my life for the Cause, if thereby I could have produced conviction. But if I could not convince my Grandson, how could I convince the highest and most developed Circles in the land? And yet at times my spirit was too strong for me, and I gave vent to dangerous utterances. Already I was considered heterodox if not treasonable, and I was keenly alive to the danger of my position; nevertheless I could not at times refrain from bursting out into suspicious or half-seditious utterances, even among the highest Polygonal and Circular society. When, for example, the question arose about the treatment of those lunatics who said that they had received the power of seeing the insides of things, I would quote the saying of an ancient Circle, who declared that prophets and inspired people are always considered by the majority to be mad; and I could not help occasionally dropping such expressions as "the eye that discerns the interiors of things", and "the all-seeing land"; once or twice I even let fall the forbidden terms "the Third and Fourth Dimensions". At last, to complete a series of minor indiscretions, at a meeting of our Local Speculative Society held at the palace of the Prefect himself,--some extremely silly person having read an elaborate paper exhibiting the precise reasons why Providence has limited the number of Dimensions to Two, and why the attribute of omnividence is assigned to the Supreme alone--I so far forgot myself as to give an exact account of the whole of my voyage with the Sphere into Space, and to the Assembly Hall in our Metropolis, and then to Space again, and of my return home, and of everything that I had seen and heard in fact or vision. At first, indeed, I pretended that I was describing the imaginary experiences of a fictitious person; but my enthusiasm soon forced me to throw off all disguise, and finally, in a fervent peroration, I exhorted all my hearers to divest themselves of prejudice and to become believers in the Third Dimension. Need I say that I was at once arrested and taken before the Council? Next morning, standing in the very place where but a very few months ago the Sphere had stood in my company, I was allowed to begin and to continue my narration unquestioned and uninterrupted. But from the first I foresaw my fate; for the President, noting that a guard of the better sort of Policemen was in attendance, of angularity little, if at all, under 55 degrees, ordered them to be relieved before I began my defence, by an inferior class of 2 or 3 degrees. I knew only too well what that meant. I was to be executed or imprisoned, and my story was to be kept secret from the world by the simultaneous destruction of the officials who had heard it; and, this being the case, the President desired to substitute the cheaper for the more expensive victims. After I had concluded my defence, the President, perhaps perceiving that some of the junior Circles had been moved by my evident earnestness, asked me two questions:-- 1. Whether I could indicate the direction which I meant when I used the words "Upward, not Northward"? 2. Whether I could by any diagrams or descriptions other than the enumeration of imaginary sides and angles indicate the Figure I was pleased to call a Cube? I declared that I could say nothing more, and that I must commit myself to the Truth, whose cause would surely prevail in the end. The President replied that he quite concurred in my sentiment, and that I could not do better. I must be sentenced to perpetual imprisonment; but if the Truth intended that I should emerge from prison and evangelize the world, the Truth might be trusted to bring that result to pass. Meanwhile I should be subjected to no discomfort that was not necessary to preclude escape, and, unless I forfeited the privilege by misconduct, I should be occasionally permitted to see my brother who had preceded me to my prison. Seven years have elapsed and I am still a prisoner, and--if I except the occasional visits of my brother--debarred from all companionship save that of my jailers. My brother is one of the best of Squares, just, sensible, cheerful, and not without fraternal affection; yet I confess that my weekly interviews, at least in one respect, cause me the bitterest pain. He was present when the Sphere manifested himself in the Council Chamber; he saw the Sphere's changing sections; he heard the explanation of the phenomena then given to the Circles. Since that time, scarcely a week has passed during seven whole years, without his hearing from me a repetition of the part I played in that manifestation, together with ample descriptions of all the phenomena in Spaceland, and the arguments for the existence of Solid things derivable from Analogy. Yet--I take shame to be forced to confess it--my brother has not yet grasped the nature of the Third Dimension, and frankly avows his disbelief in the existence of a Sphere. Hence I am absolutely destitute of converts, and, for aught that I can see, the millennial Revelation has been made to me for nothing. Prometheus up in Spaceland was bound for bringing down fire for mortals, but I--poor Flatland Prometheus--lie here in prison for bringing down nothing to my countrymen. Yet I exist in the hope that these memoirs, in some manner, I know not how, may find their way to the minds of humanity in Some Dimension, and may stir up a race of rebels who shall refuse to be confined to limited Dimensionality. That is the hope of my brighter moments. Alas, it is not always so. Heavily weighs on me at times the burdensome reflection that I cannot honestly say I am confident as to the exact shape of the once-seen, oft-regretted Cube; and in my nightly visions the mysterious precept, "Upward, not Northward", haunts me like a soul-devouring Sphinx. It is part of the martyrdom which I endure for the cause of the Truth that there are seasons of mental weakness, when Cubes and Spheres flit away into the background of scarce-possible existences; when the Land of Three Dimensions seems almost as visionary as the Land of One or None; nay, when even this hard wall that bars me from my freedom, these very tablets on which I am writing, and all the substantial realities of Flatland itself, appear no better than the offspring of a diseased imagination, or the baseless fabric of a dream.